Assignment no.

01
“Submit a profile summary (about 500 words) of a
successful entrepreneur indicating milestone achievements.”
 What Is an Entrepreneur?
An entrepreneur is an individual who creates a new business,
bearing most of the risks and enjoying most of the rewards.
The process of setting up a business is known as
entrepreneurship. The entrepreneur is commonly seen as an
innovator, a source of new ideas, goods, services, and
business/or procedures. Entrepreneurs play a key role in any
economy, using the skills and initiative necessary to anticipate
needs and bringing good new ideas to market.
Entrepreneurship that proves to be successful in taking on the
risks of creating a startup is rewarded with profits, fame, and
continued growth opportunities. Entrepreneurship that fails
results in losses and less prevalence in the markets for those
involved.
 Ratanji Tata Biography
On this day, 84 years ago Ratanji Tata was born. He is among
the most successful businessmen in the county and is widely
known for his philanthropic work as well. On the 84th birthday
of India's renowned business tycoon, let us take a look at his
life. 
Birth 28December1937
Age 82
Cornell University
Education
Harvard Business
School

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 Naval Tata (Father)
Family
Sooni Commissariat
(Mother)

Former Chairperson
of Tata Sons and Tata
Occupation
Group Philanthropist
Investor

Chairman Emeritus,
Title Tata Sons and Tata
Group

Predecessor JRD Tata

Padma Vibhushan
(2008)
Awards
Padma Bhushan
(2000)

Net worth Rs.6000 crores

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 Childhood & Early Life

He was born on December 28, 1937 in Surat, India, to Naval

Tata and Sooni. Naval Tata
was the adopted son of
the Jamsetji Tata’s
younger son Ratanji Tata.
Jamsetji Tata was the
founder of the Tata Group
of Companies. Ratan Tata
has a brother, Jimmy, and a step-brother, Noel Tata.When he
was ten, his parents, got separated and thereafter, he and his
brother were brought up by his grandmother, Navajbai Tata.He
received his early education from the Campion School, Mumbai
and finished his schooling from the Cathedral and John Connon
School, Mumbai. In 1962, he obtained his B.S. in architecture
with structural engineering from Cornell University, U.S.A.Later
he got enrolled at the Harvard Business School and completed
an Advanced Management Program in 1975.
Career
In 1962, he started his career with the Tata Steel division where
he shoveled stones and worked with the furnaces along with
the blue-collar employees. It was a difficult job and helped him
gain a better understanding and respect for his family business.
In 1971, he was appointed as the Director-in-Charge of the
National Radio & Electronics Company Limited (NELCO) in order
to help its struggling finances. He worked towards building a
better consumer electronics division but the economic
recession and union strikes prevented him from achieving
success.In 1977, he was moved to Empress Mills, a struggling
textile mill within the Tata Group. He proposed a plan for the
mill but the other Tata executives rejected it and the mill was
shut down. Later, he was moved to the Tata Industries. In 1991,

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 J.R.D. Tata appointed him as the new Chairman of the Tata
Group of Companies. This decision came under scrutiny
following objections from other executives of the company and
questions were raised regarding his ability to run the
corporation.But he succeeded in improving the financial
success of the industries and expanded the growth of the
organization under his leadership. He transformed the
management and vision of the division, and managed to bring
in significantly larger dividends.

Major Works
As the Chairman of Tata Group, he was able to achieve
international recognition and prestige for his company. The
astounding financial success of the company brought the Tata
Group to the New York Stock Exchange and under his
supervision the corporation became a global brand by acquiring
many companies including Tetley, Jaguar Land Rover, and
Corus.

Ratanji Tata as Chairperson of Tata Sons : When JRD Tata

stepped down as the chairperson of Tata Sons in 1991, he
named Ratan Tata his successor. He faced stiff resistance from
many companies heads who spent decades in their respective
companies. Tata began replacing them by setting a retirement
age. He further made it compulsory for each company to report
to the group office. Under his leadership, the overlapping
companies of Tata Sons were streamlined into a synergized
whole. During his 21 years of stewardship, revenues grew over
40 times, and profit over 50 times. He got Tata Tea to acquire
Tetley, Tata Motors to acquire Jaguar Land Rover, and Tata
Steel to acquire Corus, turning the organization from a largely
India-centric group into a global business. He also
conceptualized the Tata Nano car. The car was capped at a
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 price that was within the reach of the average Indian
consumer.
Upon turning 75, Ratan Tata stepped down as the Chairperson
of Tata Sons on 28 December 2012. Cyrus Mistry was named
his successor, however, the Board of Directors and Legal
division voted for his removal on 24 October 2016 and Ratan
Tata was then made the group's interim chairman. A selection
committee comprising of Ratan Tata, TVS Group head Venu
Srinivasan, Amit Chandra of Bain Capital, former diplomat
Ronen Sen, and Lord Kumar Bhattacharya was formed to find
the successor of Ratan Tata. The committee named  Natarajan
Chandrasekaran as the Chairperson of Tata Sons on 12 January
2017.Ratan Tata invested his personal savings in  Snapdeal,
Teabox, and CashKaro.com. He also invested in Ola Cabs,
Xiaomi, Nestaway, and Dogspot.

Philanthropic Work of Ratan Tata

Being a supporter of education, medicine, and rural
development, Ratan Tata supported the University of New
South Wales Faculty of Engineering to provide improved water
for challenged areas. Tata Education and Development Trust
endowed a $28  million Tata Scholarship Fund that will allow
Cornell University to provide financial aid to undergraduate
students from India. The annual scholarship will support
approximately 20 students at a given time. Tata Trusts also
provided a grant of ₹750 million to the Centre for
Neuroscience, the Indian Institute of Science, to study
mechanisms underlying the cause of Alzheimer's disease and to
evolve methods for its early diagnosis and treatment.Tata
Group also formed the MIT Tata Center of Technology and
Design at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to
address the challenges of resource-constrained communities,
with an initial focus on India.
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 Assignment no.02
“Undertake SWOT analysis to arrive at your business
idea of a product /service”.
What is SWOT analysis ?
SWOT Analysis is a tool that can help you to analyze what your
company does best right now, and to devise a successful
strategy for the future. SWOT can also uncover areas of the
business that are holding you back, or that your competitors
could exploit if you don't protect yourself. A SWOT analysis
examines both internal and external factors – that is, what's
going on inside and outside your organization. So some of these
factors will be within your control and some will not. In either
case, the wisest action you can take in response will become
clearer once you've discovered, recorded and analyzed as many

factors as you can.

SWOT seems simple, but, if used carefully and collaboratively, it
can be very revealing. For example, you may be well aware of
some of your organization's strengths, but until you record
them alongside weaknesses and threats you might not realize
how unreliable those strengths actually are. Equally, you likely

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 have reasonable concerns about some of your business
weaknesses but, by going through the analysis systematically,
you could find an opportunity, previously overlooked, that
could more than compensate. In this article, video and
infographic, we explore how to carry out a SWOT analysis, and
how to put your findings into action. We also include a worked
example and a template to help you get started on a SWOT
analysis in your own workplace.

 Strengths :
Strengths are things that your organization does particularly
well, or in a way that distinguishes you from your competitors.
Think about the advantages your organization has over other
organizations. These might be the motivation of your staff,
access to certain materials, or a strong set of manufacturing
processes.

Your strengths are an integral part of your organization, so

think about what makes it "tick." What do you do better than
anyone else? What values drive your business? What unique or
lowest-cost resources can you draw upon that others can't?

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 Identify and analyze your organization's Unique Selling
Proposition  (USP), and add this to the Strengths section.

Then turn your perspective around and ask yourself what your
competitors might see as your strengths. What factors mean
that you get the sale ahead of them?

Remember, any aspect of your organization is only a strength if

it brings you a clear advantage. For example, if all of your
competitors provide high-quality products, then a high-quality
production process is not a strength in your market: it's a
necessity.
 My strengths :
a) I can handled pressure in any conditions.
b) I can take leadership of the team and handle the team.
c) I can solve any problems , what is deserve me.

 Weakness :
In SWOT analysis W stands for weaknesses are those
characteristics of a business that gives disadvantage relative to
others. Weaknesses are all those things you do not perform
well. SWOT weaknesses can prevent you from achieving
company goals and objectives. Weaknesses are negative and
internal factors that affect your organizational successes. Few
examples of organizational weaknesses are irrelevant target
population, bad factory location, poor financial performance,
poor systems that you apply, inexperienced leadership.

Weaknesses, like strengths, are inherent features of your

organization, so focus on your people, resources, systems, and
procedures. Think about what you could improve, and the sorts
of practices you should avoid.

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 Once again, imagine (or find out) how other people in your
market see you. Do they notice weaknesses that you tend to be
blind to? Take time to examine how and why your competitors
are doing better than you. What are you lacking?

Be honest! A SWOT analysis will only be valuable if you gather

all the information you need. So, it's best to be realistic now,
and face any unpleasant truths as soon as possible.

 My weaknesses :
a) I can do one thing at a time.
b) I am not familiar with the latest version of the software that is
use in companies.
c) I am naturally shy.
d) I find public speaking intimidating and have often struggle with
presentation.

 Opportunities :
Opportunities are openings or chances for something positive
to happen, but you'll need to claim them for yourself!

They usually arise from situations outside your organization,

and require an eye to what might happen in the future. They
might arise as developments in the market you serve, or in the
technology you use. Being able to spot and exploit
opportunities can make a huge difference to your
organization's ability to compete and take the lead in your
market.

Think about good opportunities that you can exploit

immediately. These don't need to be game-changers: even
small advantages can increase your organization's
competitiveness. What interesting market trends are you
aware of, large or small, which could have an impact?

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 You should also watch out for changes in government policy
related to your field. And changes in social patterns, population
profiles, and lifestyles can all throw up interesting
opportunities.

 My opportunities :
a) I can do the carrier in musical industry.
b) I can become very well cricketer in my carrier.

 Threats :
Threats include anything that can negatively affect your
business from the outside, such as supply-chain problems,
shifts in market requirements, or a shortage of recruits. It's vital
to anticipate threats and to take action against them before
you become a victim of them and your growth stalls.

Think about the obstacles you face in getting your product to

market and selling. You may notice that quality standards or
specifications for your products are changing, and that you'll
need to change those products if you're to stay in the lead.
Evolving technology is an ever-present threat, as well as an
opportunity!

Always consider what your competitors are doing, and whether

you should be changing your organization's emphasis to meet
the challenge. But remember that what they're doing might not
be the right thing for you to do. So, avoid copying them without
knowing how it will improve your position.

Be sure to explore whether your organization is especially

exposed to external challenges. Do you have bad debt or cash-
flow problems, for example, that could make you vulnerable to
even small changes in your market? This is the kind of threat
that can seriously damage your business, so be alert.

 Important threats :

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 a) New Competition. The potential for new firms to compete
for your customers.
b) New Business Models. A new way of capturing value that
competes with your business model. ..

Assignment no. 03
Generate business ideas(product/service) for
intrapreneurial and entrepreneurial opportunities
through brainstorming.

Difference between intrapreneur and interpreneur

Comparison Intrapreneur Enterpreneur

Meaning Intrapreneur refers Enterpreneur refers

to a person who set to an employee of
up his own business the organization who
with a new idea or is in charge of
concept. undertaking
innovations in
product, service,
process etc.

Approach Intuitive Restorative

Resources Uses pan resource Use resources

provided by the
company.

Capital Raised by him Financed by the

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 company.

Enterprises Newly established An existing one

Dependency Independent Dependent

 Intrapreneurship vs Entrepreneurship :

An entrepreneur runs their own company. They have complete

freedom and responsibility for better or for worse. An
intrapreneur is responsible for innovating within an existing
organization (usually a big one). While Intrapreneurship is less
risky, it also comes with less autonomy. The pay-off from a
successful product or idea is also usually smaller.

 Brainstorming :

The Brainstorming is a technique to stimulate creative ideas

and solutions through a group discussion. Simply, a process
wherein a group attempts to find a solution for the specific
problem by aggregating all the spontaneous opinions or
suggestions given by cach group. member individually is called
as brainstorming.

 Business Ideas for Entrepreneurs :

1. BOAT CLEANING

(Experience, training or licensing may be needed)

Beats that are hauled out of the water for the winter or even
just for mid-season repairs. will need the hull cleaned And
depending on the type of boat, it is a good time to give a major
cleaning everything else too-the decks, the sleeping quarters,
the head, and the holds. Start by approaching homes that have

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 a boat sitting in the yard. Or you could market your services to
the marina to contract you to do the boat cleaning it offers to
customers

2. BUISENESS PLAN SERVICE

(Has expansion possibilities)

Offer a soup-to-mits business plan, including market research,

the business plan narrative and the financial statements. Plan
your fee around the main one that the client will want and
offer the others as add-on services. You can give clients an
electronic file and allow them to take it from there, or you can
keep the business plan on file and offer the service of tweaking
it whenever necessary. Have business plan samples to show
clients and make sure to include your own!

3. ELECTRONICS REPAIR

(Has expansion possibilities)

This business is similar to the computer repair business, but you

will take on all sorts of electronic equipment besides just
computers. With smaller electronics, you will need to be
prepared to have customers bring their repair projects to you,
as you would have difficulty recovering the cost of driving
around picking up broken equipment and returning it. You may
also want to encourage people to give you their old electronics
so you can use them for parts.

4. EVENT PLANNING

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 (Has expansion possibilities)

One of the first things you need to do is visit every potential

event location with which you plan to work. Work with the
marketing manager to tour each site and learn what is available
at each location. Start a database that will allow you to sort
venues by varying features, such as the number of people each
site holds, AV equipment available on site, if you will need to
arrange for rental chairs, etc. Then when you are beginning to
plan an event with a client, you can find out what the key
parameters are for the event and easily pull up the three or
four sites that meet the basic criteria, and engagement
parties.etc.

5.HOME ENERGY AUDITOR

(Experience, training or licensing may be needed)

All homeowners are always on the lookout for ways to save on

their utility bills. You can come to their aid by providing them
with an audit of their house and giving them a breakdown of
how they could accomplish real savings in heating, cooling and
electrical use. You can go one step further and do the
implementation and installation of some of your suggestions in
their home yourself. Do a complete appliance audit, with
efficiency ratings and calculations based on the age of the
appliance. And don't forget the water heater!

• Ideas for Intrapreneurs :

1. Swan Vesta-The matchbox millionaire

Ideas can come from anywhere, and some of the best ones
are the simplest

In the early 1900s, a factory worker at Swan Vesta, the

match company, went to senior management and told them

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 he had an idea that could save the business millions of
pounds in production costs. He was ignored, with
management unbelieving that a lowly factory worker could
have ideas of such value. After months of pushing and
persuasion, however, the worker managed to get just a few
minutes in front of the board, a skeptical audience ready to
laugh at his million dollar' idea.

The idea? To put the sandpaper strike on only one side of the
matchbox rather than both Revolutionary. As any Swan
matchbox will now proye, the idea worked, and the business
saved millionis. Like we said, sometimes the best ideas are
strikingly simple!

2.Google

Idea: Just like W.L.Gore, Google allows time for personal

projects. Some of Google's best projects come out of their 20
percent time policy. One of these is something you probably
use multiple times a day, Gmail.

Benefit: Paul Buchheit, the creator of Gmail, started on the

project in 2001 and worked up to its launch on April 1, 2004
(April Fools but not really.) Gmail became the first email with a
successful search feature and the option to keep all of your
email (hello 1GB of storage) instead of frantically deleting to
stay under your limit. The initial launch was by invite only, quite
the hot commodity. Now, it's considered a faux pas not to have
an email address ending in @@gmail.com.

3.Sony

Idea: Ken Kutaragi, a relatively junior Sony Employee, spent

hours tinkering with his daughters Nintendo to make it more
powerful and user friendly. What came from his work is one of
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 the most recognizable brands in the world today. The Sony
Playstation.

Benefit: Many Sony bosses were outraged at his work, thinking

that gaming is a complete waste of time. Luckily someone in a
senior position saw the value in the product and thankfull so,
because now Sony is one of the world leaders in the
prosperous gaming industry. This shows that company leaders
should always be open to innovation no matter how farfetched
and pointless it may seem.

4.Facebook

Idea: Originally called the "awesome button." the Facebook

Like button was first prototyped in one of Facebook's infamous
hack-a-thons.

Benefit: Facebook has never released statistics based on the

like rate and certain time frames. But to all of us in the
computer using world it is pretty evident how the invention of
the like button affects us on a daily basis. Companies like
Facebook, who are constantly innovating and changing, are
some of the most successful out there.

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 Assignment no.04

Undertake self assessment test to discover your

entrepreneurial traits.

Entrepreneurial Traits :
Success isn’t defined by
how well you did in school
or how many degrees you
have. It isn’t based on
where you grew up or who
your parents are. It comes
down to your personality, your mindset and your outlook on
life.According to a recent study by CPP Inc., the top two
personality traits entrepreneurs possess are perception and
intuition. This is because success doesn’t come to those who
are smartest.Success comes to those who see opportunities
and take them

 My Entrepreneurial Traits

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 We can discover our self entrepreneurial traits by taking self
assessment in the scope of entrepreneurship. Following are the
traits which has been analyzed for successful entrepreneurship.

 Being Confident

Confidence is a subjective belief that you have what is needed

for something. Entrepreneurs ask banks for loans, hire workers,
motivate teams and build relationships with clients and
suppliers, so it is important for an entrepreneur to be confident
in their ability to do all these things well. Being confident can
help your business. Key stakeholders are more likely to respond
favorably to your proposals if you project your confidence. You
can use several tactics to become more confident.

 Being Kind:-

While kindness is not usually considered an important trait in

entrepreneurs, it can help you in maintaining success. For
example, while it is easy to focus on meeting your KPIs on sales,
failing to consider the well-being of your employees or
overlooking the impact that a production process has on your
community could cause you problems over time or allow your
competitors to gain an advantage. You can use the following
tips to develop kindness: 

i. Assess the working conditions of your full time employees

regularly and ensure that they have the basics they need to
perform well.

ii. Reevaluate your employee benefits periodically to make sure

that you are providing a package that can actually help workers
as well as attract the best talent.

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  Being Disciplined:-

Being disciplined can help you to achieve success as an

entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs are expected to work
independently, set their own goals and overcome setbacks. To
do these things well, being disciplined is essential. You can use
the following advice to become more disciplined:

i. Train yourself to be a self-starter who initiates and completes

tasks without the need for oversight.

ii. Give yourself a small reward each time you meet a goal. This
will motivate you to reach your targets without getting
distracted. Risk-taking ability:-

 Being a Good Leader

An entrepreneur is expected to manage a business and most

professionals in this position are responsible for its start-up as
well. Typically, entrepreneurship involves finding and building
relationships with investors, overseeing employees and
monitoring operations. To perform these activities well, you
need to be an effective leader.

Leadership is the ability to lead others. An effective leader

mobilizes people to achieve goals and is perceived as a leader
by their followers.

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 Assignment no.05

Identify the business opportunity suitable for you

 Business Opportunity

A business opportunity (or bizopp) involves sale or lease of any

product, service,
equipment, etc.
that will enable the
purchaser-licensee
to begin a business.
The licensor or
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 seller of a business opportunity usually declares that it will
secure or assist the buyer in finding a suitable location or
provide the product to the purchaser-licensee. This is different
from the sale of an independent business, in which there is no
continued relationship required by the seller.

 Idea of Entrepreneurship

got this thought of finding business opportunities for the future

and finding the best one from it from the camp which was
conducted in my college Le. of "ENTREPRENEURSHIP
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FROM MGIRI WARDHA" from which
I got an idea of thinking..

 Sources of information for business ideas :

 Past Work Experience

 Hobbies and Interests Strengths and Abilities

 Friends and Family

 Distribution Channels

 Travel

 Books and Magazine

 Self analysis for different business opportunities

To be a successful entrepreneur a person a good idea of business

has to be selected first in orders to make that idea better. So,
thinking about a good business idea itself shows that whether the
idea will meet the future requirements or not

a. Photography Business

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 I can get into the field of camera with you, and enjoy taking
candid pictures? Yes? Then a photography business might be a
perfect option for you. To succeed in this field, make sure to
focus on a niche that has good demand. Wedding photography
is popular because many grooms and brides want to capture
the events and moments on their big day. But even if you're
not interested in weddings, there's no shortage of areas to
specialize in. Want to gain more attention for your work? You
can contribute to the Burst library, a stock image website
helping entrepreneurs find images to use for their business.

b. Influencer services

One of the most modern business opportunities involves

influencer marketing. If you have a massive social media
following, you can partner with other businesses to promote
their products to your audience. When starting out, you might
partner with affiliate programs to see how well your audience
grows. And as your audience scales, more business
opportunities come your way. You can focus on building
various accounts. Maybe one where you build yourself or a pet
as an influencer. Then perhaps another where you build fan
pages for a specific topic or niche.

c. Business for Electric Vehicle

As all know that the electric vehicles are gradually replacing
engine vehicles due to its more demand and less consumption
of money. start a business of the electric vehicles because I
find it very profitable due to the demand of todays generation.
If I will not have enough money to establish it then I can also
take the loans which is nowadays easily available in the banks
with low interest. So it is of best margin as per the future
thought.

d. Digital marketing services

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 I can get into the field of Digital marketing because Digital
marketing has grown a lot in the last decade, with the
emergence of eCommerces and online f esses. The businesses
that don't digitalize themselves and ignore working on their
internet profile and presence are missing a huge percentage of
clients.

Assignment no.06

Arrange an exhibition cum sale of products prepared

out of waste.
Sir/Madam,Sub: A unique platform to exhibit your products and
services related to ProductPrepared Out Of Waste Exhibition
Cum Sale organised by Hemant Dudhalkar in Government
Polytechnic Arvi. It is a charitable organization working since
1997 in the field of education with Anna–Akshara–Arogya
(Food–Education–Health) as its core intervention areas. Under

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 thepatronage of Shri AnanthKumar, honourable Member of
Parliament [Bengaluru South]and central cabinet minister for
Parliamentary Affairs and Chemicals & Fertilisers, overtwo lakh
school children are being served midday meals everyday
through five Community Kitchens. Adamya Chetana is also
running various projects in the areas of Child, Women
development and sustainable development of villages.Inspired
by a bold mandate set by our Chief Patron, over the years has
been in the forefront of spreading the message of Green
Lifestyle.

Scrap

Mumbai-based Scrap provides an end-to-end process of waste

management at events and offices. Founded in March 2017,
they analyze waste generation data based on the type and size
of event, devise a customized plan and implement it on the
premises. The idea is to reduce waste significantly, and recycle
a huge mass of what’s been produced. At the YouTube Fan Fest
in March 2018, Scrap recycled, composted or reused almost 80
per cent of the four tonnes of waste generated. The
sustainability firm has also worked with Bacardi NH7
Weekender and SBI Green Marathon.

Paperman

Established in 2010 with the objective to accelerate recycling in

India, Paperman launched a mobile app offering on-demand
doorstep recycling, which people could use to directly connect
with local ragmen to sell their waste. Their Circular Economy
Model not only helps people recycle, but also pushes the
money generated from it towards non-profits—Paperman has
partnered with local NGOs for this. Along with this, the
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 organisation’s initiatives also include public awareness
programmes.

Saahas Zero Waste

Saahas Zero Waste started as a Bengaluru-based NGO in 2001

and is now a full-blown organization that diverts 53,000
kilograms of waste from landfills every day. They specialize in
handling bulk waste produced by MNCs, residential
communities, universities, tech parks and other organizations,
and carrying out end-to-end turnkey projects. Using the
sustainably managed and recycled waste, the firm creates
clothing, stationery, bags and backpacks, and sells them on
their website.

Citizengage

Founded in 2015, this Bengaluru-based organization helps food

chains and restaurants manage their waste at the source. They
collect reject waste from the premises, provide data-driven
feedback modules on proper segregation to staff, and ensure
that the highest possible amount of waste is reused or
recycled. Through their mobile app, which also has a tracking
monitor, customers can understand the quality and quantity of
their waste on user-friendly graphs. Till date, Citizengage has
diverted over 9,000 tonnes of waste from landfills, working
with clients such as Smoke House Deli, Social, Blue Frog and
Box 8, among others.

Gem Enviro Management

This one is a Producers Responsibility Organization that helps

you yield maximum benefits from your trash, and specializes in
recycling all kinds of packaging waste. The pan-India service
also makes recycled apparel, blankets and toys, majorly
produced from their sustainably recycled PET bottles. Their

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 clientele includes businesses like Google, ITC Hotels, The
Claridges New Delhi, Coca Cola, Pepsi and more.

Vital Waste

Vital Waste provides convenient and affordable recycling

solutions to residents and corporate offices in Kolkata. They
help reduce waste, reuse what is generated, and recycle the
rest—collecting everything from PET plastic bottles, metal and
e-waste to paper and cardboard. You can also fix a prior
appointment to discuss your needs in detail.

Namo E-waste

With collection centres across 12 states and union territories in

India, Namo E-waste helps reduce, reuse and recycle electronic
assets. Once a customer has scheduled the electronic waste
pickup, the organization handles the collection and brings the
waste to their recycling plant in Faridabad. Their client list
includes Taj Hotels, Resorts and Palaces, ICICI Bank, Tata Sky
and Godrej, among others.

Plastics for Change

The first recycler to be certified by the World Fair Trade

Organization, Plastics for Change connects waste-pickers to
global markets, and helps brands switch to high-quality
recycled plastic for packaging their goods. Their mobile app
provides urban waste-pickers with access to fair market prices,
and they are also slowly foraying into coastal communities to
address the root cause of ocean plastic. Recently, they
partnered with The Body Shop to help their supply chains
transition to ethically-sourced, recycled and fair traded plastics

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 Assignment no.07

Visit a bank/financial institution to enquire about various

funding schemes for small scale enterprise.

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 The small-scale business sector, which is more popularly known as
the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) sector, is responsible for
contributing around 40% to the total Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) of India. This sector is key source a of employment in India
but faces stiff competition from privately-funded businesses.
Realising this, the Government of India has come forward to offer
many loan schemes to finance the small-scale business sector.
These loans can be availed by the SMEs to fund their day- -day
operations, expand to their business, purchase new equipment,
etc.

Government Loan Schemes for Small Scale Business

Name of the Rate of Loan amount Repayment

schemes interest (p.a) tenure

SIDBI Make in India 9.45% to Rs.25 Lakh to Up to 10 year

Loan for Enterprises 12.70% 50 Lakh including 3 year
SMILE moratorium

Pradhan Mantri Varies from Up to Rs.10 Varies from

Mudra Yojana bank to bank Lakh bank to bank

Credit Guarantee -- Up to Rs.200 --

Scheme Lakh

Bank credit Varies from Up to Rs.5 5 years to 7

Facilitation Scheme bank to bank crore years

Stand-Up India Up to base Rs.10 Lakh to 7 years

Scheme rate+3%+tenur Rs.1 crore
premium

28
 MSME Loans in 59 8% onwords Rs.10 Lakh to As per the bank
minutes Rs.1 crore

SIDBI Make in India Loan for Enterprises (SMILE)

 Features:

 The scheme has been designed to foster innovation, facilitate

investment, protect intellectual property, enhance skill
development, and build the best infrastructure for MSMEs.

 Under the scheme, loans will be offered in the forms of soft

loan and term loan.

 MSMEs engaged in 25 selected sectors will receive financial

support at competitive interest rates as part the of ‘Make in
India’ campaign launched by the government of India.

 New enterprises in the services and manufacturing sector will

given importance be along with an emphasis on smaller
enterprises within the MSME.

 Eligibility:

New enterprises on board along with the existing

manufacturing and services sectors can apply for this scheme.
Existing enterprises undertaking up-gradation or starting other
projects for expanding their business will also be covered under
this scheme. The maximum loan repayment tenure is 10 years
with 36 months of moratorium period.

 Fiscal incentives:

29
The loan amount offered under SMILE scheme is minimum Rs. 10
lakh and maximum up to Rs. 25 lakh.

Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY)

 Features:

 The scheme will extend loans to activities that create

employment and generate income in the areas of services,
manufacturing, retail, and agriculture.

 No collateral or security need to be provided to avail the .

Mudra loan

 Three types of loans can availed under Mudra for differ be ent
stages the of business, namely, Shishu, Kishor, and Tarun.

 The loans under the Mudra Yojana will be extended public by

sector banks, private sector banks, cooperative banks, Regional
Rural Banks (RRBs), foreign banks, Non- Banking Financial
Companies (NBFCs), and Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs).

 Eligibility:

Non Corporate Small Business Segment (NCSB) comprising of

proprietorship/enterprise firms in rural and urban areas can
apply for the loan. Here are some examples of NCSBs:

 Small manufacturing units

 Service sector units

 Shopkeepers

 Fruits / vegetable vendors

 Truck operators

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  Food-service units

 Repair shops

 Machine operators

 Small industries

 Artisans

 Food processors and others

Credit Guarantee Scheme for Micro and Small Enterprises

(CGSMSE)

 Features:

 The scheme was launched with an intent to offer collateral-free

credit to the micro and small enterprise sector.

 Both working capital facility and term loans are eligible to be

covered under the scheme.

 Under the scheme, guarantee cover can be availed up to 75%

of the sanctioned amount of the credit facility.

For microenterprises seeking loan of up to Rs.5 lakh, MSEs a

owned and operated by women, and loans in the North-Eastern
region, guarantee cover of up to 80% will be provided

 Eligibility:

New and existing MSMEs engaged in manufacturing or service

activities, excluding retail trade,

educational institutions, agriculture, Self-Help Groups (SHGs),

training institutions are eligible for this scheme.

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  Fiscal incentives:

Here are some details of the scheme:

 This MSME scheme for entrepreneurs includes term loans

and/or working capital loan facility up to Rs. 2 crore, per
borrowing unit.

 The guarantee cover provided is up to 75% of the credit facility

up Rs. 1.5 crore.

 85% of credit facility for loans up Rs. 5 Lakh to is provided

micro-enterprises.

 80% of credit facility for MSMEs owned/operated by women

and all loans to North Eastern Region, including Sikkim.

 For MSME Retail trade, the guarantee cover is 50% the amount
of in default subject to a maximum of Rs. 50 Lakh.

Bank Credit Facilitation Scheme

 Features:

 The loans under this scheme are facilitated by the National

Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) which has signed
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) a with banks to offer
loans to meet the credit requirements of SME units.

 The facilitation is carried out by offering MSME units the option

to pick between private and public sector banks.
32
  The loans are available in the form of working capital and term
loans.

 Through this scheme, the NSIC will also help SME units to get
loans at affordable rates, help with the documentation process,
and other necessary services related to the loan.

 Eligibility:

MSMEs registered in India

Stand-Up India Scheme

 Features:

 Designed specially to meet the fund requirements of Scheduled

Caste (SC)/Scheduled Tribe (ST)/women entrepreneurs for the
purpose of setting up a greenfield enterprise.

 The enterprise should be engaged in the business of

manufacturing, trading, services. or

 The loan will be of composite nature which means that the loan
will be inclusive of working capital and term loan.

 If the enterprise to be set up is non-individual, the controlling

stake (51%) should be held by either an SC, ST, or women
entrepreneur.

 Eligibility:

Enterprises in trading, manufacturing, or services sectors are

considered eligible for this scheme. . In case of non-individual

33
 enterprises at least 51% of shareholding stake should be with
an SC/ST or woman entrepreneur.

 Fiscal incentives:

 It offers composite loans between Rs. 10 lakh Rs. 1 crore to

cover 75% of the project, inclusive of the term loan and
working capital.

 The specification of the loan being expected to cover 75% of

the project cost. It won’t be applicable if the borrower’s
contribution along with convergence support come from any
other schemes exceeds 25% of the project cost.

 The rate of interest would the lowest applicable rate base rate (
be — MCLR) + + tenor premium.

MSME Loan in 59 minutes

 Features:

 You can avail loan of up to Rs1 crore where the amount will be
d a deposited to your account in less than 60 minutes.

 A rebate of 2% on loan of up to Rs.1 crore provided your

establishment is registered with GST.

 Minimum documents required. You only have to upload the

scanned versions of the required documents and upload it
online for you to avail the loan.

 You can avail a loan between Rs.10 lakh and Rs.1 crore under
this loan scheme. Since you have the option of availing this loan
from any of the lenders, the rate of interest levied may differ.
The rate of interest however starts 8%.

34
  Eligibility:

To be eligible for this particular loan, borrower has to be GST, IT

compliant and must have at least 6 months bank history. The
mandatory parameters for determining the eligibility of one
company are:

A. Income/ Revenue

1) Repayment Capacity

2) Existing credit facilities

3) Any other factors, as set by lenders (banks or NBFCs)

 Fiscal Incentives:

Under this scheme, business loans for start-ups are provided

with loan amount from minimum of Rs. 1 lakh and maximum
up to Rs. 1 crore. The rate of interest offered under this scheme
is 8% onwards.

Eligibility Criteria

The eligibility criteria for government loans for small scale

businesses will vary from lender to lender but the basic ones
have been listed below:

35
 Type of Business All micro enterprises engaged in trading
manufacturing and service sector including
professionals such as Architects, Doctors,
CAs etc.

Residential Status of Resident of India

the Applicant

Age Between 25 year and 66 years

Status of the New or existing enterprises

Business

Documents Requirements

Application form Filled and duly signed

KYC Documents Business entity proof , partnership deed ,

incorporation certificate , shops and
establishments certificate , Articles of Association
(AOA)

PAN Card  Of partners/directors/proprietors/promotors

 Of the business entity

Financial  Projected turnover and current year

36
 performance

 Tax audit reports balance sheet , profit and

loss reports , VAT returns , audited and
provisional financial etc.

Address proof  Of the business entity

 Of directors/promotors/partners/proprietors

Bank statement For the last 6 months

Photographs Passport- size photograph of applicants/co-

applicants

37
38
39
40
41
 Assignment no.08

Prepare technological feasibility report of a chosen

product/service.
Technological feasibility of electric vehicle

 Abstract :

Pollution has been an area of

concern in almost all major
metropolitan cities. The
increasing usage of motor
vehicles and the emissions from
these has been one of the prime
reasons for deterioration in air
quality in these cities. The local
authorities have therefore been
trying to encourage people to
reduce the usage of personal
vehicles and increase the usage of public transport. The city buses
in this context play an important role as they are the lifeline of the
public transport system of the city. However, these buses are
diesel buses that consume 50 liters of diesel per day and emit
toxic gases. It is therefore important to replace these buses with a
more environment friendly option such as Electric Vehicles (EV)
India has been progressive and the policy decisions have been in
the right direction towards adoption and implementation of the
concept of EVs. The biggest challenge in making it operational is
providing better understanding of this new technology, its
benefits and the policy around it to policy implementers, such as
State Road Transport Undertakings (SRTUs) and also creating the
infrastructure to manage the day to day operation and
maintenance of the fleet.

42
 Introduction

Electric Vehicle Technology

For the purposes of study, the conventional IEVs have been
categorized into Diesel and CNG and EVs have been categorized
into hybrid (HEVs) and battery (BEVs). Although the external
design features of the Battery Electric bus are similar to those
of an ICE bus, the internal design is quite different among ICEV,
HEV and BEV buses. The diesel and CNG buses have almost
similar components; these are very different from hybrid and
battery buses. For example, the fuel tank is not present in BE
buses. The diesel and CNG buses operate on one energy source
whereas the hybrid bus has both fuel tank as well as battery
pack with an electric motor. The BEVs can contribute towards
reducing overall Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions (IEA 2012).
The BEVs can be powered by electricity from renewable
sources. The fuel that is burnt in IEVs can be burnt more
efficiently in thermal plants to produce electricity. While BEVs
are an energy efficient and environment friendly alternative,
their prices are very high as compared to IEVs.

This is due to battery costs, complex

design, nascent technology and charging infrastructure. On the
other hand while diesel and CNG buses may cost less as
compared to BEVs. Their maintenance cost is high due to high
number of moving parts. These parts may require frequent oil
changes, filter replacements, periodic tune ups etc. The
maintenance requirement for hybrid buses can be similar, or
higher, than those of diesel and CNG buses. The Lithium-Ion
Batteries (LIBs) that are used in electric buses require minimal
maintenance. Major costs in the total cost of operations of BE
buses are depreciation and financing costs (interest on loan).
Similarly, major costs in the total cost of operations of ICE
buses are fuel costs.

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 Measure Components of Electric Vehicle
An EV comprises of the
following major parts:

Traction Battery : The electric

vehicles are powered by lithium
ion batteries. An EV’s battery
pack consists of groups of
batter modules each of which
are created by combining many
individual cells. A typical pack is
in 300-400 volt range. These are
extremely heavy (more than 1,000 lbs.) and are often placed
low, under the vehicle floor, to produce a low center of gravity
and improve handling performance. The size of a pack is
determined by the number of kilowatt-hours (kWh) of energy
that it can hold. A typical EV pack may hold around 60-150
kWh.

Battery Management System (BMS) : The individual cell

temperatures and voltages in the lithium ion pack are
monitored through the Battery Management System (BMS).
The BMS ensures that during charging the cells have the same
voltage level (usually within 0.01 volts). Without a BMS, a cell
may get overcharged leading to a potential fire or explosion or
may underperform during discharge leading to quick drain out
of other modules. The BMS keeps your EV safe.

Controller : The EV controller is an electronic microprocessor

which acts like a brain. It takes pressing of accelerator or brake
pedal as an input and turns them into signals that travel along
CAN/BUS communication line to the inverter which provides
power to the motor.

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 Inverter : The more recent electric vehicles operate with
brushless DC (BLDC) motors or AC motors which operate on
alternating current. The inverter in the EV takes direct current
from the battery and changes it into alternating current that is
used to power the BLDC motor. The speed of the motor is
determined by the frequency of the AC current. The motor has
a position sensor which allows the inverter to time its current
impulses and keep it spinning. The controller gives command to
the invertor which converts it into signals for the motor.
Therefore the efficiency and reliability of the EV depends on
the robustness of the motor.

Traction Motor : The brushless DC (BLDC) motor is more

efficient and has a higher speed than the traditional DC motors.
It is therefore used in almost all modern EVs. A BLDC motor
includes a rotor that has four to eight permanent magnets and
spins in the center of the motor. The stator is surrounded by a
series of electric coils which get energy from the invertor in
such a way that they become electromagnets. Some EVs use a
single motor which powers either the front or the back wheels
while some use two on – e powering the front wheels and the
other the rear wheels. The motor temperatures are kept under
check by air cooling or liquid cooling.

Regenerative Braking : The EVs capture the energy which is

normally lost to heat during braking. When brakes are applied,
the motor operates as a generator and simultaneously
produces electricity along with slowing down of the vehicle.
The electrical energy thus produced can be applied towards
recharging of the battery. the battery, helping to recharge it
slightly. “Regenerative braking can add more than 20% to the
vehicle range during stop and-go driving in the city”. (Tesla
Motors Club)

Chargers and Charging : Recharging is most crucial part of

entire EV eco system. Small EV cars have on board charger
45
 which is compatible with home circuit. The EV buses need
higher level of charging with more powerful electric circuit.
Ideally, the EV buses should be charged in a system that
enables atleast 50 KM of charging in one hour of charging.

Outlook for EV market share by major region

ELECTRIC VEHICLES GROWTH BEYOND 2030

Beyond 2030, we expect the rate of growth in EV sales to slow.

Some markets will be unable to support the transition to EVs in
the same way that wealthier nations will over the next decade.
Consider that, beyond 2030, one of the key factors in sustaining
growth will be the implementation of suitable charging
infrastructure. This requires multi-billion-dollar capital
investments – achievable in some markets through a

Timeline
of
46 strategic
OEM
targets
 for EVs

combination of public and private investment, but unlikely to

be achieved uniformly around the world. In countries that
cannot invest in charging infrastructure, we expect the market
for ICE vehicles to remain for some time.

Technological Feasibility of Electric Vehicle Business

Sr.no. Product/Services Cost

01 Land for production plant 2 – 5 Crore

02 Equipments / Machines 1 Crore

03 Advertising 50 Lakh – 1 Crore

 Feasibility : The future point of view it is a feasible business or

product which in more profit. The product is technologically
feasible.

Conclusion

Battery Operated Electric Vehicles (BEVs) emit minimal

quantities of GHGs with the use of clean renewable sources
such as solar and wind energy. They have highest well-to wheel
efficiency and are less expensive as compared to Hybrid Electric
Vehicles (HEVs). Although the battery limitations lead to a
lower range in BEVs (distance covered in-between charges) and
the vehicle cannot be used for long-range transportation, their
impact in the environment outweigh these cons. The
governments is promoting clean transportation as a policy and
incentivizing EV manufacture and purchase which has led to
expansion of the EV market.

47