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Test of Relationship

This document discusses correlation and scatterplots. It defines correlation as a statistical method to determine if a relationship exists between two variables, and regression as describing the nature of that relationship. A scatterplot uses dots to represent values for two numeric variables on horizontal and vertical axes to observe their relationship. The Pearson correlation coefficient measures the linear relationship between variables, with values closer to 1 indicating a stronger linear relationship and the sign indicating if the relationship is positive or negative. The document provides an example of computing the Pearson correlation coefficient to determine if two variables are correlated.

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20 views2 pages

Test of Relationship

This document discusses correlation and scatterplots. It defines correlation as a statistical method to determine if a relationship exists between two variables, and regression as describing the nature of that relationship. A scatterplot uses dots to represent values for two numeric variables on horizontal and vertical axes to observe their relationship. The Pearson correlation coefficient measures the linear relationship between variables, with values closer to 1 indicating a stronger linear relationship and the sign indicating if the relationship is positive or negative. The document provides an example of computing the Pearson correlation coefficient to determine if two variables are correlated.

Uploaded by

kyu dam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Test of Relationship

INTRODUCTION

We have faced Correlation and Regression Scatterplot


from Module 4 of this course. As a recall, we
A scatterplot uses dots to represent values for
have
two different numeric variables. The position of
Correlation is a statistical method used to each dot on the horizontal and vertical axis
determine whether a relationship between indicates values for an individual data point.
variables exists. Scatterplots are used to observe relationships
between variables.
Regression is a statistical method used to
describe the nature of the relationship Types of Scatterplots
between variables, that is, positive or negative,
linear or nonlinear.

Bivariate Data

Bivariate Data - Data for two variables


(usually two types of related data).

E.g. :

Ice cream sales versus the temperature on that


day.

The two variables are Ice Cream Sales and


Temperature.

(If you have only one set of data, such as just


Temperature, it is called "Univariate Data")
Correlation quantifies the degree and
direction to which two variables are related.

Computing a correlation coefficient that tells


how much one variable tends to change when
the other one does.

The table above is an example of a Scatterplot


(or Scatter Diagram).
How to Determine if the Two Variables are Guide by Anesthesia &
connected, associated, or correlated? Analgesia126(5):1763-1768, May 2018:

Pearson Product Moment Correlation


Coefficient (Pearson r)

● A measure of the linear relationship


between two variables, not
causation (does NOT determine
whether one variable causes a
change in the other).
● Measurements of the variables are Since we will be using Software
at least interval. Applications (Jamovi), we will use the
● Two sets of measurement (𝑥,𝑦) are p-value approach with the following steps:
taken from each of the subjects in
the sample for each of the variables 1. State the hypotheses and identify
𝑋 and 𝑌. the claim.
2. State the alpha level and find the
P-value.
3. Make the decision to reject or not
reject the null hypothesis.
4. Summarize the results.
Remarks:

○ −𝟏≤𝒓≤+𝟏
○ The value and sign of 𝒓 could Example
generate the following information:
○ Strength - the numerical value of 𝒓
(absolute values closer to 1
generally indicate stronger
relationships, if they exist)
○ Direction - the sign of 𝒓 determines
whether the relationship between
the two variables is direct (+𝒓) or
inverse (−𝒓).
○ A coefficient of 0 implies an absence
of linear relationship between the
two variables being correlated.
○ Measures a bi-directional
relationship (𝑋 and 𝑌 are related;
further, independent and dependent
variables are NOT specified).

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