Program Name and Code: CO (CO2I) Academic Year :2021-2022

Course Name and Code: BEC (22225) Semester : Second

A STUDY ON

Light Fidelity (LI-FI) PROJECT

MICRO PROJECT REPORT
Submitted in May 2022 by the group of………………………………….students
Roll
Sr
No Enrollment Seat No
. Full name of Student
(Sem- No (Sem-II)
No
II)
1 1158 Anurag Vijay Pawar 2114320039 335258
2
3
4
5

Under the Guidance of Mr. M.M.KEDARE

in
Three Years Diploma Programme in Engineering & Technology of Maharashtra
State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai (Autonomous)
ISO 9001:2008 (ISO/IEC-27001:2013)

at
1432 – GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC NANDURBAR.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION, MUMBAI

Certificate

This is to certify that Mr./Ms. 1] Anurag Vijay pawar.

Roll No: __1158___________________________________________________

of Second Semester of _Computer Engineering_ Diploma Program in
Engineering & Technology at 1432 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
NANDURBAR, has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in Subject
BEC(22225) in the academic year 2021- 2022 as prescribed in the MSBTE
curriculum of I Scheme.

Place: NANDURBAR Enrollment No: _2114320039__

Date: 07 /05/ 2022 Exam. Seat No: ___________________

Signatures and stamp

Subject Teacher Head of the Department

 Principle

…Index…

Sr. No Title Page No

1 Introduction 4

System Development

2.1 Block Diagram

2.2 Block Diagram Explanation
2.3 Recourses Used (Components)
2 2.4 Circuit Diagram 5 to 11
2.5 Photo of Micro Project
2.6 Working Explanation

Result
3.1 Observation Table
3 12 to 13
3.2 Calculations (if any)
3.3 Result
Conclusion
4.1 Advantages
4.2 Disadvantages
4 4.3 Applications 14 to 16
4.4 Learning Outcomes
4.5 Conclusion

5 Literature Review and References 17

 1.Introduction

Li-Fi, a short form for Light Fidelity, is a wireless technology that makes use of
visible light communication instead of radio waves. In this, common household
LED bulbs can be utilised to allow data transfer with a speed of up to 224
gigabits per second, which equates to downloading around 18 movies each of 1.5
GB in every single second. 
 This term was coined by Professor Harald Haas during a TED TALK in the year
2011. Basically, with this technology, people will be able to use light bulbs and
solar cells as wireless routers for transmitting data. He even set up a company
named pureLiFi in 2012 and aims to be the world leader in Visible Light
Communications technology.
A simple LiFi circuit is presented here for school and college final year projects
showing how to transmit music through LED light across a given distance, using
only LED light without creating any fluctuations in the LED and yet transferring
the light with perfection. Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) is a bidirectional, high-speed and
fully networked wireless communication technology similar to Wi-Fi. Li-Fi is the
term some have used to label the fast and cheap wireless communication system,
which is the optical version of Wi-Fi. Li-Fi uses visible light instead of Gigahertz
radio waves for data transfer.
 LIFI (light fidelity) is data through illumination-taking he fiber out of fiber
optics by   sending data through an LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster
than the human eye can notice.
At the heart of this technology is a new generation of high brightness LED's.
If the LED is on a digital 1 is transmitted, if the LED is off then a digital 0 is
transmitted.
They can be switched on and off in order to transmit data continuously.
2.System Development

2.1) Block Diagram:-

INPUT 3.5MM AUDIO JACK BATTERY

220 OHM
RESISTOR

LED

SPEAKER 3.5MM AUDIO JACK SOLAR PANEL

2.2)Block Diagram Explanation :-

2.3)Recourses Used (Components):-

1. light-emitting diode (LED):-

LED is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows through it.

When a current flows through the diode, electrons are able to recombine
with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This
effect is called electroencephalogram. The color of the light (corresponding to the
energy of the photons) is determined by the energy band gap of the
semiconductor. White light is obtained by using multiple semiconductors or a layer
of light-emitting phosphor on the semiconductor device. Parts of a conventional
LED. The flat bottom surfaces of the anvil and post embedded inside the epoxy-
act as anchors, to prevent the conductors from being forcefully pulled out via
mechanical strain or-vibration.

2.Solar :-
Solar-powered photovoltaic (PV) panels convert the sun's rays into electricity by
exciting electrons in silicon cells using the photons of light fromthe sun. This
electricity can then be used to supply renewable energy to yourhome or
business.Solar cells can be used to generate electricity from sunlight. It is a device
thatconverts light energy into electrical energy. Sometimes the term solar cell
isreserved for devices intended specifically to capture energy from sunlight, whilethe
term photovoltaic cell is used when the light source is unspecified.
3.Speaker:-
An audio amplifier is an electronic device that increases the strength (amplitude)
of audio signals that pass through it. An audio amplifier amplifies low-
power audio signals to a level which is suitable for driving loudspeakers.

4.  3.5MM Jack Cable:-

 An audio signal is a representation of sound, typically as an electrical voltage

for analog signals and a binary number for digital signals. Audio signals have
frequencies in the audio frequency range of roughly 20 to 20,000 Hz (the limits
of human hearing).
5.Resistor:-
 it is an electrical device may be a passive two-terminal electrical part that
implements resistance as a circuit component. In electronic circuits,
resistors unit of measurement accustomed reduce current flow, alter
signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active components, and terminate
transmission lines, among completely different uses.

Resister = 220Ὼ red = 2

Color coding = 22×101 5% brown = 1

= red, red, brown, gold gold = 5%

6. Battery :-
An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with
external connections provided to power electrical devices such
as flashlights, and electric cars. When a battery is supplying electric power, its positive
terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode. The terminal marked
negative is the source of electrons that will flow through an external electric circuit to
thepositive terminal. When a battery is connected to an external electric load

7. Wire:-
A length of such material, consisting either of a single filament or of several filaments
woven or twisted together and usually insulated with a dielectric material, used as a
conductor of electricity.
2.4 )Circuit Diagram:-

2.5) Photo of Micro Project:-

2.6) Working Explanation:-

LiFi is a wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs)

for data transmission.

LiFi is designed to use LED light bulbs similar to those currently in use in many
energy-conscious homes and offices. However, LiFi bulbs are outfitted with a chip that
modulates the light imperceptibly for optical data transmission. LiFi data is transmitted
by the LED bulbs and received by photoreceptors.

LiFi's early developmental models were capable of 150 megabits-per-second (Mbps).

Some commercial kits enabling that speed have been released. In the lab, with
stronger LEDs and different technology, researchers have enabled 10 gigabits-per-
second (Gbps), which is faster than 802.11ad. 
3.System Development

3.1 ) Observation Table:-

Feature Li-Fi
Full form Transmit data using light
Interference Does not have
Coverage distance About 10 m
Data density High
Privacy Light is blocked by walls

3.2 )Calculations (if any):-

1. light-emitting diode (LED):-20rs

2.Solar :-80rs

3.Speaker:-100rs

4.  3.5MM Jack Cable:-60rs

5.Resistor:-10rs

6. 9V Battery :-30rs

Total amount:-300rs.
3.3 )Result: The audio files were recorded in APR. When any of the APR switch
was pressed the LED started blinking. This blinking of LED shows that the audio file is
getting transmitted. Now, when the receiver module is brought in line of sight of the
transmitter, photodiode receives the audio files and sends to the speaker with the help
of PIC microcontroller. The scope of sound transmission was tried to be around 15-20
m. This is so on the grounds that after this separation the light gets scattered and
couldn't fall appropriately on the photodiode. The beneath table is an examination
between Wi-Fi and LiFi.

Feature Wi-Fi Li-Fi

Full form Transmit data using radio Transmit data using light
waves
Interference Will have Does not have
Coverage distance About 32m About 10 m
Data density Low High
Privacy RF signal cannot blocked Light is blocked by walls
by walls
Wi-Fi vs Li-Fi
4.Conclusion

4.1) Advantages:-

 The data transfer rate for internet application is higher.

 It provides high amount of security as data communication is line of sight (LOS).
Moreover lifi signal covers low region does not pass through the walls. This will avoid
unwanted access of lifi signal by unauthorized persons.
 The lifi devices consume low power for operation and hence used in IoT applications.
 It uses optical spectrum and hence avoids already crowded RF spectrum.
 As it operates on optical bands which are not harmful like RF spectrum. Hence there is
no health concerns in LiFi based system.
 There is great amount of energy reduction in lighting industry which uses LiFi based
devices.
 It is easy to install.
4.2) Disadvantages:-

 Internet can be used only where light of source device is available. Moreover light can
not penetrate from walls and it works only in line of sight path. This limits access of
internet whereever one requires. Moreover its range is limited.
 It can not be used in outdoor environment like RF signal. This is because of interference
caused by sunlight and other optical sources present nearby. Moreover it can be
intercepted by the unwanted people if used outdoors.
 Though the installation is simple, Lifi system requires whole new infrastructure. This
will add cost to the companies/people wanting to take LiFi Internet service.
 Though it draws low power, in order to avail lifi internet services, lights need to be kept
ON throughout day and night. As internet is need of the hour, this will waste energy
more than any other internet system.
 One can not watch games and videos on internet in the dark during night before
sleeping on the bed.
4.3) Applications:-
 Li-Fi can be used in various areas like Hospitals
 Automation because operating rooms do not allow Wi-Fi, since Wi-Fi radiates harmful
signals.
 Li-Fi audio transmission can be used in petrochemical industries automations where use
of radio spectrum is very dangerous.
 Li-Fi can also be used in Power plants as Wi-Fi and many other radiation types
are very bad for such sensitive areas.
 Li-Fi can also be used in underwater systems for audio communications and device
control
 Localised advertising can be done by broadcasting through the Li-Fi channel into
smaller distance
 Li-Fi can also be used in traffic management system for reducing the number of
accidents by vehicle to vehicle communication.
 Sensitive data - Hospitals are an environment where both EMI sensitivity and
security of data are issues. Li-Fi can enable the better disposition of secure networked
medical devices, patient accounts, etc.
 The system can be used in offices, hotels, auditoria, etc, where bright lighting is
required throughout the day.
 Transmit audio signals from a microphone on the dais to speakers in an auditorium
using pre-installed LED light

4.4) Learning Outcomes:-

1.We have learned that we can transfer sound with the help of light.

2.We learned to design a circuit.

3.We got information about Li-Fi technology.

4.We got knowledge related to our syllabus as well as additional information.

Li-Fi can be used in various areas like

Hospitals
 Automation because operating
rooms do not allow Wi-
Fi, since Wi-Fi radiates harmful signals.
 Li-Fi audio transmission can be
used in petrochemical
industries automations where use of
radio spectrum is
very dangerous.
 Li-Fi can also be used in Power
plants as Wi-Fi and
many other radiation types are very
bad for such
sensitive areas.
 Li-Fi can also be used in underwater
systems for audio
communications and device control
 Localised advertising can be done
by broadcasting
through the Li-Fi channel into smaller
distance
Li-Fi can be used in various areas like
Hospitals
 Automation because operating
rooms do not allow Wi-
Fi, since Wi-Fi radiates harmful signals.
 Li-Fi audio transmission can be
used in petrochemical
industries automations where use of
radio spectrum is
very dangerous.
 Li-Fi can also be used in Power
plants as Wi-Fi and
many other radiation types are very
bad for such
sensitive areas.
 Li-Fi can also be used in underwater
systems for audio
communications and device control
 Localised advertising can be done
by broadcasting
through the Li-Fi channel into smaller
distance
Li-Fi can be used in various areas like
Hospitals
 Automation because operating
rooms do not allow Wi-
Fi, since Wi-Fi radiates harmful signals.
 Li-Fi audio transmission can be
used in petrochemical
industries automations where use of
radio spectrum is
very dangerous.
 Li-Fi can also be used in Power
plants as Wi-Fi and
many other radiation types are very
bad for such
sensitive areas.
 Li-Fi can also be used in underwater
systems for audio
communications and device control
 Localised advertising can be done
by broadcasting
through the Li-Fi channel into smaller
distance
Li-Fi can be used in various areas like
Hospitals
 Automation because operating
rooms do not allow Wi-
Fi, since Wi-Fi radiates harmful signals.
 Li-Fi audio transmission can be
used in petrochemical
industries automations where use of
radio spectrum is
very dangerous.
 Li-Fi can also be used in Power
plants as Wi-Fi and
many other radiation types are very
bad for such
sensitive areas.
 Li-Fi can also be used in underwater
systems for audio
communications and device control
 Localised advertising can be done
by broadcasting
through the Li-Fi channel into smaller
distance
Li-Fi can be used in various areas like
Hospitals
 Automation because operating
rooms do not allow Wi-
Fi, since Wi-Fi radiates harmful signals.
 Li-Fi audio transmission can be
used in petrochemical
industries automations where use of
radio spectrum is
very dangerous.
 Li-Fi can also be used in Power
plants as Wi-Fi and
many other radiation types are very
bad for such
sensitive areas.
 Li-Fi can also be used in underwater
systems for audio
communications and device control
 Localised advertising can be done
by broadcasting
through the Li-Fi channel into smaller
distance
Li-Fi can be used in various areas like
Hospitals
 Automation because operating
rooms do not allow Wi-
Fi, since Wi-Fi radiates harmful signals.
 Li-Fi audio transmission can be
used in petrochemical
industries automations where use of
radio spectrum is
very dangerous.
 Li-Fi can also be used in Power
plants as Wi-Fi and
many other radiation types are very
bad for such
sensitive areas.
 Li-Fi can also be used in underwater
systems for audio
communications and device control
 Localised advertising can be done
by broadcasting
through the Li-Fi channel into small4.4)
Learning Outcomes:-

Literature Review and References

5.1) https://www.slideshare.net/ShivamKumar828/lifi-project-report
5.2) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288175446_Overview_Li-
Fi_Technology
5.3) https://pdfcoffee.com/project-report-on-li-fi-technology-pdf-free.html