IoT Based Weather Monitoring System
IoT Based Weather Monitoring System
Volume 7, Issue 4, April – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
IoT based Weather Monitoring System
Bhagyashree Kulkarni1, Rutuja Pawar2, Jenil Dosani3, Archana Chaugule4
1,2,3
UG Student, 4Associate Professor,
Dept. of I.T., Shah and Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College Mumbai, India
Abstract:- The model proposed in our project is an less resources, and there will be faster response. This system
innovative method for tracking the climatic conditions for includes wireless technology, which also has Wi-Fi
a specific place. IoT " Internet of Things" is the concept connectivity. Here the weather conditions are controlled and
that’s being used here, It’sa innovative & effective way the data is updated on the website. A weather monitoring
to link to the internet and join the entire universe of system could be understood as a system that gives us weather
things on the network. In today’s world IoE or Internet of reports in our environment which makes it intelligent and
Everything is ruling almost all industries. IoE provide interactive through wireless communication with objects. For
solutions to various real life problems using wireless example, it can give us information of the atmospheric
devices and by transferring the data over the network temperature, humidity, rainfall level and pressure etc. This
wirelessly. It has now become possible to merge the system therefore essentially senses temperature, humidity,
concept of Iot with other domains like Machine Learning, rains and pressure for the specific place. The prototype
Artificial Intelligence , Cyber Security etc. Our System is contains different types of sensors which can be used to
an Iot based Weather Monitoring & Prediction System. calculate all the above parameters. The prototype brain is
Here the combination of IoT & ML concepts have been NodeMCU board along with ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module. The
used. NodeMCU is connected by four sensors namely the
temperature and humidity sensor (DHT11), the rainfall sensor
Keywords:- Internet of Things (IoT), Machine learning, (YL83), and pressure sensor (BMP 180). The framework
Pressure sensor, NodeMCU, DHT11 sensor, Rain sensor, manages observing and controlling the ecological conditions
CNN. like temperature, relative moistness, pressure with sensors and
sends the data to the website page and afterward plot the
I. INTRODUCTION sensor information as graphical insights. Refreshed
With the introduction of high-speed Internet linking information from the framework presented can be accessed on
the web from all aspects of the globe.
more and more people across the globe as become possible.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a step ahead, connecting not This paper is organized as follows : Section I. gives an
just people but also all electronic devices together. With Wi- Introduction to the concept of Internet of Things (IoE) &
Fi enabled devices reducing costs this trend will only gather gives a brief about our proposed system. Section II. Gives a
more thrust. The main concept behind the Internet of Things literature review of various existing/ implemented & proposed
(IoT) is to connect variable electronic devices via a network Iot based Weather Monitoring Systems. Section III. Shows the
and then retrieve the data from these devices (sensors)that flow and working of our proposed system. Section IV.
can be distributed in any fashion, upload them to any cloud Describes the system architechture of the proposed system in
service where the collected information can be analyzed and detail. Section V lists out the advantages and the applications
processed. These data may be used to inform people by of our system. Section VI. Shows the results and analysis of
different means, such as using a informative website our IoT Based Weather Monitoring & Prediction System.
containing the values of different parameters and also using Section VII. Concludes the paper with future work possible.
Machine Learning Techniques.
II. RELATED WORK
Future technology is to bind the whole world in one
place. It is possible to link all objects, items and sensors to Weather Monitoring systems have play an important role
transfer the information obtained at different places & for keeping the weather conditions of the room in check.
process / analysis data to organize applications such as traffic There are already many existing and proposed weather
signaling, mobile health tracking in medical use and methods monitoring systems. This section goes through various papers
of industrial protection, etc. IOT provides a large range of and shows the literature survey of the same.
interface communication with different protocols and
different application properties to receive the maximum user [1] This system has shown the simulation of a weather
interaction. Climate monitoring is important to maintain good monitoring system on the proteus simulation software. The
crop growth, to ensure safe industrial working conditions etc. main board used here is the arduino board. [2] In this system ,
Constant progress made the scanning phase of environmental they’ve used DHT11, Soil Moisture Sensor and vibration
parameters much simpler than in the past. These sensors are sensor, esp8266 wifi module and Arduino board. The data
Electronic instrument commonly used to measure various collected from these sensors is then displayed on the blynk
natural, physical and environmental parameters. They server. (viablynk app). [3] This system consists of a Node
provide the data that can then be fed into cloud. MCU that is connected to a Raspberry Pi as a main processing
unit for the entire system and all sensors and tools. The
The results would be reliable by using sensors to sensors dht11, rain sensor and pressure sensor are used to
analyze climatic conditions and the entire system will use recover data and process the analysis using the data collected
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Volume 7, Issue 4, April – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
through the microcontroller. The processed data is uploaded cleaned and preprocessed ( null values and non necessary data
and stored as a database via nodemcu on a website.[4] Here would be removed.) As mentioned CNN (convolutional neural
sensors are used along with Arduino, to display the current network) deep learning algorithm is used on the data to get the
values(status) and shows predicted rainfall based on the predicted values. After which the accuracy is calculated and
trained data sets. The weather prediction is done based on the plotted on jupyter Notebook.
older datasets collected and compared with the current
values. Software: Arduino Compiler 2. PLX-DAX 3. A COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
Anaconda 4. Jupyter Notebook 5. Google Colab. [5] ARIMA
HARDWARE
ML Model is used here .This model predicts future values of
the various weather parameters which are then displayed onto ● EMBEDDED SYSTEM:
the server.The Hardware used : Nodemcu ESP8266 Wi-Fi A. NODEMCU
Module, DHT11, BMP280 . Software :ThingSpeak, website B. ESP8266-01
and database. [6] The system consists of components: ·
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B · DHT-11 Sensor · Rainfall Sensor · ● SENSORS:
BMP-180 Pressure Sensor · Wireless Access Adapter . They C. DHT11(HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE
Have used ML algorithms like decision tree and time series SENSOR)
analysis. ARIMA Model. Software used: coding with
D. PRESSURE SENSOR (BMP 180)
raspberry pi in python. [7] In This System, DHT11, LDR,
NODE MCU, ESP8266 components are used . The data E. RAIN SENSOR(YL83)
received from these sensors is sent to ThingSpeak server. The
Data is then displayed on a Webpage. Logistic Regression B COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
Model is used to process the Data. [8] Here, LM35 SOFTWARE
Temperature sensor, Co Sensor, Sound Sensor,ESP8266
● IOT LIBRARY:
WIFI module and mq6 gas censor are used with the Arduino A. ARDUINO IDE
board. The data received is then sent to the ThingSpeak
server which then displays it in graphs. [9] Here, they have
● CLOUD SYSTEM & MACHINE LEARNING MODEL:
interfaced DHT11 Humidity & Temperature Sensor, B. THING SPEAK
BMP180 Barometric Pressure Sensor and FC37 Rain Sensor C. WEB SERVER
with NodeMCU ESP8266-12E wi-fi Module. They then D. JUPYTER NOTEBOOK
programmed the Node MCU To get one IP address. This IP
address can be browsed from any of WEB browser like
IV. SYSTEM ARCHITECHTURE
Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer etc.
The device implemented is composed of a micro-
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
controller called NodeMCU which is the primary processing
For 24-hour weather surveillance, several high-end unit for the whole system and it will be connecting all the
schemes are now possible to. But these systems are being sensors and devices to it. The sensors can be controlled via
plotted to monitor real-time weather for a particular place on the microcontroller. Micro-controller retrieves data from
a broad scale. This weather monitoring system uses three them and processes it. Sensor data is analyzed and
sensors to measure variations in the atmosphere and the transferred to the Internet via Wi-Fi module (EP8266)
climate, such as temperature, humidity, pressure and rain connected to it.
level. The values are then sent to the website; these values
A. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
are received data and marked a as statistics in graphic form.
Uploaded data from the system introduced can be accessed
online from every part of the world. The model proposed is
an innovative weather forecasting solution that makes its
real-time data readily available over a very wide range using
IoT. We plan to create a web page to display the data
obtained from thing speak. The accessed data could then be
processed and machine learning algorithms could be applied
to predict the weather and display it on the web server. We
will be using Weather Dataset which will be available freely
then processes the dataset. Then will split dataset and use
CNN Deep learning algorithm. Make predictions out of it.
Calculate accuracy and plot it there in Jupyter Notebook in
statistical format. We would also be creating a live prediction
module where the user can provide some input data and get
prediction of how the weather would be. For Our system we Fig. 1: Block Diagram of our weather monitoring system.
would be usings the dataset that would be exported from
thing speak server. After receiving the data, it’ll then be
uploaded to jupyter Notebook where the data would be
B. Node MCU with ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module.
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Volume 7, Issue 4, April – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
humidity with 5 percent precision and temperature ranges
from 0-50 ° C. Precise measurements ± 2
b) PRESSURE SENSOR
Fig 4: Pressure sensor
Fig 2: NodeMCU with Wi-Fi Module ESP8266-01. A pressure sensor is a device for pressure
measurement of gases or liquids. Pressure is an expression of
The name "NodeMCU" combines "node" and "MCU" the force required to stop a fluid from expanding, and is
(micro-controller unit). It is a low-cost single-board usually stated in terms of force per unit area. A pressure
microcontroller based open source IOT platform. It has a sensor usually acts as a transducer; it generates a signal as
memory of 128kBytes and a storage of 4MB. It initially a function of the pressure imposed. For the purposes of this
included firmware which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC article, such a signal is electrical.
from Espressif Systems, and hardware which was based on
the ESP-12 module. The firmware uses the Lua scripting Pressure sensors are used for control and monitoring in
language. The prototyping hardware typically used is a thousands of everyday applications. Pressure sensors can also
circuit board functioning as a dual in-line package (DIP) be used to indirectly measure other variables such as fluid/gas
which integrates a USB controller with a smaller surface- flow, speed, water level, and altitude. Pressure sensors can
mounted board containing the MCU and antenna. It also alternatively be called pressure transducers, pressure
provides access to the GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output). transmitters, pressure senders, pressure
indicators, piezometers and manometers, among other names.
C.SENSORS:
This weather monitoring system consists of sensors for c) RAINFALL SENSOR
temperature and humidity. (DHT 11), pressure sensor (BMP
180) and rainfall sensor (YL83). All this sensor will give the
analogue voltage reflecting one specific weather element.
This analogue voltage will be transformed by the
microcontroller into digital data.
a) TEMPERATURE SENSOR AND HUMIDITY
SENSOR
Fig. 5: Rainfall Sensor
The rain sensor module is a simple instrument for a
particular place to detect rain levels. It can be used as raindrop
comes through the rainy board as a turn and also to calculate
the rainfall rate. To detect the volume of rainfall, analogue
output is used. The LED will turn on when there is no rain
drop in the high DO performance induction board attached to
the 5V power supply. When a small volume of water occurs
on the induction surface, the transfer indicator will turn on
while the DO output is low. Clean the water droplets off, and
Fig. 3: Temperature and Humidity Sensor DHT 11
it creates high performance where it is returned to its original
The DHT11 is a computerized temperature and condition. A weather sensor or weather switch is a disruptive
humidity sensor, an essential, ultra-minimal effort. To gauge system triggered by rainfall.
the surrounding air, it uses a capacitive temperature sensor
and a thermistor and distributes the digital data on the data
pin (no pins needed for analogue information). The serious
drawback of this sensor you can't get fresh information from
it once every 2 secs, so the data fetched by the user can be up
to 2 seconds old for sensor readings while using this library.
d) THINGSPEAK
It runs on a 3 to 5-volt power supply. Good for 20-80 percent ThingSpeak is known as an open IoT platform which
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Volume 7, Issue 4, April – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
contains MATLAB analytics that provides us with the
facilities to accumulate, view, and examine live data
streams into the cloud. We can also send data to
ThingSpeak from our devices, where we can produce
a quick visualization of our live data, and can also
send warning notifications.
e) ARDUINO IDE
The Arduino IDE supports the
languages C and C++ using special rules of code
structuring. The Arduino IDE supplies a software
library from the Wiring project, which provides many
common input and output procedures. The Arduino Fig. 7: Embedded System
IDE employs the program avrdude to convert the
executable code into a text file in hexadecimal The weather monitoring system will play a very crucial role
encoding that is loaded into the Arduino board by a in the field of industry, farms, agriculture.Etc.
loader program in the board's firmware It’s beneficial at locations such as rain forests and volcanos
The weather monitoring system can help to take preventive
V. ADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS measures against rains which can be destructive more often,
winds, Too high or too low temperature.
IOT based weather mentoring system project using The use of proposed system will help us survive with the
NodeMCU is absolutely mechanized. ground frost and high temperature in summers.
It doesn’t require any personal attention. Our system could be used in cold storages at factories and
We can get notice of weather conditions at any location industries to keep the temperatures of those places in check
beforehand. and to get alerts if there’s any major change in the values.
Cost Effectiveness Our system could be used in green houses and nurseries to
Easy to deploy and autonomous check if the weather conditions of those areas are suitable
Low energy and low power for the growth of certain plants.
Accuracy is high.
Efficient VI. RESULTS
Cloud: The Data obtained by the sensors that’s transferred to
the cloud via the node mcu is displayed in graphs.
Fig. 8: Thingspeak Output
Fig. 6: Block Diagram
Our Web Server: Live Data would be displayed on our
server. The data would be updated every 5 mins. This data is
the data obtained via the thingspeak server. Our Server also
has a weather prediction module where the type of weather
would be displayed based on the input values.
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Volume 7, Issue 4, April – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
parameters for the sensor will also be submitted to the cloud
(ThingSpeak). Such information can be valuable for further
study and could be easily exchanged with other end users.
Model proposed can also be extended to track further data
This model provides an accessible and low-cost solution to
continuous atmospheric surveillance to safeguard public
health from emissions.
Fig. 9: Server
VIII. FUTURE SCOPE
One can actualize a couple of more sensors and associate it
to the satellite as a worldwide component of this framework.
Adding more sensor to screen other ecological boundaries,
for example, CO2, Pressure and Oxygen Sensor.
In airplane, route and military there is an incredible breadth
of this continuous framework.
It can likewise be actualized in clinics or clinical
organizations for the exploration and study "Essentially of
Weather on Health and Diseases", thus to give better
safeguard alarms.
Fig. 10: Weather Prediction
The IoT based Weather Monitoring System can be further
changed and be utilized as an air contamination meter, soil
dampness checker and so on.
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IJISRT22APR1459 www.ijisrt.com 1173
Volume 7, Issue 4, April – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
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Engineering for Women, Salem, India. 2*Assistant
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Electronics & Communication, Jaypee Institute of
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