MAHARASTRA STATE BOARD OF TEHNICAL EDUCATION MUMBAI

A
PROJECT REPORT ON

“Program For Searching A

Number Or Character In String
For 8086”
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

S. A. Tone Madam

DEPARTMENT OF

COMPUTER ENGINEERING Dr. D. Y. Patil Polytechnic

KASBA BAWADA, KOLHAPUR
SEMESTER – IV
YEAR 2021-2022 SUBMITED
BY

1. Tushar Shinde 2235

2. Yogesh Deokar 2236
3. Sanjyot Patil 2237
4. Shweta Yadav 2238

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 CERTIFICATE

This to certify that “G-30” Micro-Project group including Roll numbers 2235, 2236,

2237, 2237 Department of COMPUTER ENGINEERING 4th Semester in Dr. D. Y. Patil

Polytechnic, Kasba Bavada, Kolhapur has completed the Micro-Project satisfactorily in Subject

Microprocessor for the Academic Year 2021-2022 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place : KOLHAPUR
Date :

Enrollment No : 2105390303

2105390300
2105390304
2105390302

Subject Teacher Head of Department Principal

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The success & find outcome of this project required a lot of guidance &
assistance from many people and I am extremely privileged to have got all
along the completion of our project. All that we have done is only due to such
supervision & assistance & I would not forget to thanks them. I owe my deep
gratitude to our project guide Mrs. S. A. Tone Madam who took keen
interest onour project work & guided us all along , till the completion of our
project work by providing all the necessary Information for developing a good
system.

I am thankful to & fortunate enough to get constant encouragement, support

& guidance form all teaching staffs of Basic Science which help us in successful
completing our project work.

Date:
Place: Kolhapur.

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 INDEX

SR. NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

1 Introduction 5

2 Aim 6

3 Course Outcome 6

4 Literature Review 7

5 Program 8

6 List File 9

7 Flowchart 10

8 Result 11

9 Conclusion 12

10 Reference 12

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Introduction

In this program we will see how to find a number n from a string (an array of numbers).

In 8086 Assembly language program to find a characters in a string (an array of letters). The characters are
stored at memory offset 600 onwards

In this program we are taking only 5 characters. We are searching the character A. after successful search
the DX register will hold the offset address, and BX register will hold the index of that number.

We are taking each character from that array and then compare it with A. If the characters are same, then
we will return the address and index.

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Aim:

To find whether the given byte is in given string or not & find its relative address

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Software required:

TASM TURBO ASSEMBLER

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Course Outcome

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Literature Review

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Program:

DATA SEGMENT MSG1 DB 10,13,'ENTER ANY STRING :- $' MSG2 DB 10,13,'ENTER ANY CHARACTER :-
$' MSG3 DB 10,13,' $' MSG4 DB 10,13,'NO, CHARACTER FOUND IN THE GIVEN STRING $' MSG5 DB
' CHARACTER(S) FOUND IN THE GIVEN STRING $' CHAR DB ? COUNT DB 0 P1 LABEL BYTE M1 DB
0FFH L1 DB ? P11 DB 0FFH DUP ('$') DATA ENDS DISPLAY MACRO MSG MOV AH,9 LEA
DX,MSG INT 21H ENDM CODE SEGMENT ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:DATA START: MOV
AX,DATA MOV DS,AX DISPLAY MSG1 LEA DX,P1 MOV
AH,0AH INT 21H DISPLAY MSG2 MOV AH,1 INT 21H MOV
CHAR,AL DISPLAY MSG3 LEA SI,P11 MOV
CL,L1 MOV CH,0 CHECK: MOV AL,[SI] CMP CHAR,AL JNE SKIP INC
COUNT SKIP: INC SI LOOP CHECK CMP COUNT,0 JE
NOTFOUND DISPLAY MSG3 MOV DL,COUNT ADD DL,30H MOV
AH,2 INT 21H DISPLAY MSG5 JMP EXIT NOTFOUND: DISPLAY
MSG4 EXIT: MOV AH,4CH INT 21H CODE ENDS END START

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List File

Let’s identify variables needed for this program.

First variable will be the one which will hold the Strings entered by user in the variables P1 LABEL
BYTE M1 DB 0FFH L1 DB ? P11 DB 0FFH DUP (‘$’) to save string given by user, Other variables will be
holding character entered by the user, it will be CHAR, next will be used for calculating number of
occurences, it will be COUNT and Other variables will be holding the Messages ‘ENTER ANY STRING :-
$’, ‘ENTER ANY CHARACTER :- $’, ‘NO, CHARACTER FOUND IN THE GIVEN STRING $’ and ‘ CHARACTER(S)
FOUND IN THE GIVEN STRING $’STRING IS : $’ to be printed for the User, So in all Eight variables.The
identified variables are P11, CHAR, COUNT, MSG1, MSG2, MSG3, MSG4 and MSG5.

First Line – DATA SEGMENT

DATA SEGMENT is the starting point of the Data Segment in a Program and DATA is the name given to this
segment and SEGMENT is the keyword for defining Segments, Where we can declare our variables.

Next Line – MSG1 DB 10,13,’ENTER ANY STRING :- $’

MSG2 DB 10,13,’ENTER ANY CHARACTER :- $’

MSG3 DB 10,13,’ $’

MSG4 DB 10,13,’NO, CHARACTER FOUND IN THE GIVEN STRING $’

MSG5 DB ‘ CHARACTER(S) FOUND IN THE GIVEN STRING $’

CHAR DB ?

COUNT DB 0

P1 LABEL BYTE

M1 DB 0FFH

L1 DB ?

P11 DB 0FFH DUP (‘$’)

P1 LABEL BYTE M1 DB 0FFH L1 DB ? P11 DB 0FFH DUP (‘$’) P22 DB 0FFH DUP (‘$’) this line is a
declaration of Array with Variable Length of User’s Choice (i.e. User can enter String of Variable Length)
initialized with ’$’ which works as New Line Character $ is used as (\n) NULL character in C
program. Initialize CHAR to ? (? stands for blank value). COUNT to 0 (Zero). P1 is the Start of the Label Byte
Data Type. M1 is used for assigning Maximum Length of the Array. L1 is used to Get the LENGTH of the

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entered String by User. P11 and P22 are the names refered for the Arrays in the program. (A Number
Character is of a BYTE size Hence we have to used only DB Define Byte ) as we don’t know the lenght of the
Characters in the String. Therefore we take it approx size 256. Here 0FFH DUP (‘$’) stands for N i.e. Size of
Array or Array Size. DUP stands for Duplicate i.e. it will duplicate the value in All the Array with the value
present in Bracket (i.e. $). MSG1 DB 10,13,’ENTER ANY STRING :- $’:- $’this line is a declaration of Charater
Array initialized with ‘ENTER ANY STRING :- $’ and $ is used as (\n) NULL character in C program. (A
Character is of a BYTE Hence we have to use only DB Define Byte ). Similarly MSG2 DB 10,13,’ENTERED
STRING IS :- $, ‘MSG3 DB 10,13,’LENGTH OF STRING IS :- $’, MSG4 DB 10,13,’NO, GIVEN STRING IS NOT A
PALINDROME $’, MSG5 DB 10,13,’THE GIVEN STRING IS A PALINDROME $’ and MSG6 DB 10,13,’REVERSE
OF ENTERED STRING IS :- $’.

Next Line – DATA ENDS

DATA ENDS is the End point of the Data Segment in a Program. We can write just ENDS But to
differentiate the end of which segment it is of which we have to write the same name given to the Data
Segment.

Now, Selection of data type is DB data type the numbers which we are adding will be integers so DB is
sufficient.

Explanation :

In this Assembly Language Programming, A single program is divided into four Segments which are 1. Data
Segment, 2. Code Segment, 3. Stack Segment, and 4. Extra Segment. Now, from these one is compulsory
i.e. Code Segment if at all you don’t need variable(s) for your program.if you need variable(s) for your
program you will need two Segments i.e. Code Segment and Data Segment.

Next Line –CODE SEGMENT

CODE SEGMENT is the starting point of the Code Segment in a Program and CODE is the name given to this
segment and SEGMENT is the keyword for defining Segments, Where we can write the coding of the
program.

Next Line – ASSUME DS:DATA CS:CODE

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In this Assembly Language Programming, their are Different Registers present for Different Purpose So we
have to assume DATA is the name given to Data Segment register and CODE is the name given to Code
Segment register (SS,ES are used in the same way as CS,DS )

Next Line – START:

START is the label used to show the starting point of the code which is written in the Code Segment. : is
used to define a label as in C programming.

Next Line – MOV AX,DATA

MOV DS,AX

After Assuming DATA and CODE Segment, Still it is compulsory to initialize Data Segment to DS
register. MOV is a keyword to move the second element into the first element. But we cannot move DATA
Directly to DS due to MOV commands restriction, Hence we move DATA to AX and then from AX to DS. AX
is the first and most important register in the ALU unit. This part is also called INITIALIZATION OF DATA
SEGMENT and It is important so that the Data elements or variables in the DATA Segment are made
accessable. Other Segments are not needed to be initialized, Only assuming is enhalf.

Next Line – DISPLAY MSG1

DISPLAY MSG1 is Calling of a Macro DISPLAY with Argument MSG1. This will display String Msg1 on
Screen.

Next Line – LEA DX,P1

MOV AH,0AH

INT 21H

The above three line code is used to Scan the String entered by user Onscreen to the variable length
character Array present in P1 Label Byte and String refered by P11 as Array.

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Now, lets understand line by line

LEA DX,P1 in this LEA stands for LOAD EFFECTIVE ADDRESS and it loads the effective address of second
element into the first element. This same code can be interchangably written as MOV DX, OFFSET
P1 where OFFSET means effective address and MOV means move second element into the first element.

MOV AH,0AH

INT 21H

The above two line code is used to SCAN the String entered by user Onscreen to the variable length
character Array to the address present in DX.

Standard Input and Standard Output related Interupts are found in INT 21H which is also called as DOS
interrupt. It works with the value of AH register, If the Value is 0AH, That means SCAN the String
entered by user Onscreen to the variable length character Array to the address present in DX.

Next Line – DISPLAY MSG2

DISPLAY MSG1 is Calling of a Macro DISPLAY with Argument MSG2. This will display String Msg2 on
Screen.

Next Line – MOV AH,1

INT 21H

MOV CHAR,AL

The above three line code is used to Read a Character from Console and save the value entered in
variable CHAR in its ASCII form.

Standard Input and Standard Output related Interupts are found in INT 21H which is also called as DOS
interrupt. It works with the value of AH register, If the Value is 1 or 1h, That means READ a Character from
Console, Echo it on screen and save the value entered in AL register.

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MOV CHAR,AL means move value in AL register into variable CHAR.

Next Line – DISPLAY MSG3

DISPLAY MSG3 is Calling of a Macro DISPLAY with Argument MSG3. This will display String Msg3 on
Screen.

Next Line – LEA SI,P11

The above line code is used to initialize P11 to SI register.

Next Line – MOV CL,L1

MOV CH,0

The above Two line code is used to Move L1 (i.e. Actual Length of String Entered) to CL register and MOV
CH,0 is used to move or assign value Zero (decimal value) to CH Register.

Next Line – CHECK:

CHECK: is a LABEL and all the words ending in colon (:) are Labels.

Next Line – MOV AL,[SI]

CMP CHAR,AL

JNE SKIP

MOV AL,[SI] Move value at Address of SI Register to AL register CMP CHAR,AL is used to compare AL
(value of [SI]) with character present in CHAR variable and JNE SKIP Short Jump if Not Equal i.e. [SI] is
NotEqual to CHAR Than the Control jumps to the respective LABEL SKIP. The result of Comparision is not
stored anywhere, but flags are set according to result.
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Next Line – INC COUNT

INC COUNT will increment the value present in COUNT Variable by One.

Next Line – SKIP:

SKIP: is a LABEL and all the words ending in colon (:) are Labels.

Next Line – INC SI

INC SI will increment the value present in SI register by One.

Next Line – LOOP CHECK

This end of loop. In assembly programming language we have a LOOP instruction. This works with two
other helpers which are Label and Counter. The Loop start with LABEL and ends with LOOP instruction with
the same LABEL name with it. the execution of the Loop depends on the value in CX register ( CX is also
Called COUNTER).

Next Line – CMP COUNT,0

JE NOTFOUND

CMP COUNT,0 is used to compare 0 (i.e. ZERO) with value present in COUNT variable and JE
NOTFOUND Short Jump if Equal i.e. 0 (i.e. ZERO) is Equal to COUNT Than the Control jumps to the
respective LABEL NOTFOUND. The result of Comparision is not stored anywhere, but flags are set
according to result.

Next Line – DISPLAY MSG3

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 DISPLAY MSG3 is Calling of a Macro DISPLAY with Argument MSG3. This will display String Msg3 on
Screen.

Next Line – MOV DL,COUNT

ADD DL,30H

MOV AH,2

INT 21H

The above Four line code is used to Write a Character on Console present in COUNT variable (i.e. Number
of occurences).

Standard Input and Standard Output related Interupts are found in INT 21H which is also called as DOS
interrupt. It works with the value of AH register, If the Value is 2 or 2h, That means WRITE a Character on
Console present in DL register hence the value to be printed is moved to DL register. Here we are printing
COUNT variable.

Next Line – DISPLAY MSG5

DISPLAY MSG5 is Calling of a Macro DISPLAY with Argument MSG5. This will display String Msg5 on
Screen.

JMP EXIT JMP is Unconditional Jump. This will Jump to Label EXIT.

Next Line – NOTFOUND:

DISPLAY MSG4

NOTFOUND: is a LABEL and all the words ending in colon (:) are Labels. DISPLAY MSG4 is Calling of a
Macro DISPLAY with Argument MSG4. This will display String Msg4 on Screen.

Next Line – EXIT: MOV AH,4CH

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 INT 21H

EXIT: is a LABEL and all the words ending in colon (:) are Labels. The above two line code is used to exit to
dos or exit to operating system. Standard Input and Standard Output related Interupts are found in INT
21H which is also called as DOS interrupt. It works with the value of AH register, If the Value is 4ch, That
means Return to Operating System or DOS which is the End of the program.

Next Line – CODE ENDS

CODE ENDS is the End point of the Code Segment in a Program. We can write just ENDS But to
differentiate the end of which segment it is of which we have to write the same name given to the Code
Segment.

Last Line – END START

END START is the end of the label used to show the ending point of the code which is written in the Code
Segment.

Note :- In this Assembly Language Programming, We have Com format and EXE format. We are Learning in
EXE format only which simple then COM format to understand and Write. We can write the program in
lower or upper case, But i prepare Upper Case.

Screen Shots :-

Output After Execution :-

Note :- To see the variable and its value you have to click vars button in the emulator.

Category: Assembly Language Programs Computer Organisation and Assembly Language

Programming Tags: and, Assembly, calculate, character, given, Lanuage, number, occurrence, program, sea
rch, string

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Post navigation

← An Assembly Lanuage Program to determine a given string is a palindrome. If ‘Yes’ output the message
“The given string is a palindrome”. If ‘No’ output the message “No, it is not a palindrome”.Write an
algorithm and draw a corresponding flow chart to print the sum of the digits of a given number →

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Flow Chart:

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Result:

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Conclusion

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References

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