TDD: TEST

DRIVEN DRUPAL
BIT.LY/TDD-TEST-DRIVEN-DRUPAL
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▸ Why write tests, and what to test
▸ Types of tests
▸ How to run tests
▸ Real life example
▸ Building a new module with TDD
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TESTDRIVENDRUPAL.COM
WRITE CUSTOM MODULES
AND THEMES FOR CLIENTS
 OCCASSIONALLY
CONTRIBUTE TO CORE
MAINTAIN AND CONTRIBUTE
TO CONTRIB PROJECTS
OVERRIDE NODE OPTIONS
▸ Become maintainer in 2012
▸ Had some existing tests
▸ Used on 11,046 sites in October 2012 (84 D5, 7,094 D6, 3,868 D7)
▸ Used on 29,023 sites in June 2018 (9 D5, 1,853 D6, 23,602 D7, 3,559 D8)
▸ #236 most used module on Drupal.org
▸ Crucial to preventing regressions when adding new features or fixing bugs
WHY WRITE TESTS?
WHY WRITE TESTS?
▸ Catch bugs earlier
▸ Piece of mind
▸ Prevent regressions
▸ Write less code
▸ Documentation
▸ Drupal core requirement - https://www.drupal.org/core/gates#testing
▸ More important with regular D8 releases
CORE TESTING GATE
▸ New features should be accompanied by automated tests.
▸ If the feature does not have an implementation, provide a test
implementation.
▸ Bug fixes should be accompanied by changes to a test (either
modifying an existing test case or adding a new one) that
demonstrate the bug.
https://www.drupal.org/core/gates#testing
TESTING IN DRUPAL
▸ Drupal 7 - SimpleTest (testing) module provided as part of core
▸ Drupal 8 - PHPUnit added as a core dependency
▸ PHPUnit Initiative - SimpleTest to be deprecated and removed in
Drupal 9
WRITING TESTS (DRUPAL 8)
▸ PHP class with .php extension
▸ tests/src directory within each module
▸ Within the Drupal\Tests\module_name namespace
▸ Class name must match the filename
▸ Namespace must match the directory structure
▸ One test class per feature
▸ Each method must start with test
1. ARRANGE
2. ACT
3. ASSERT
// modules/example/tests/src/Functional/ExampleTest.php

namespace Drupal\Tests\example\Functional;

use Drupal\Tests\BrowserTestBase;

class ExampleTest extends BrowserTestBase {

public function testSomething() {

// Arrange

// Act

// Assert
}

}
WHAT TO TEST?
▸ Creating nodes with data from an API
▸ Calculating attendance figures for an event
▸ Determining if an event is purchasble
▸ Promotions and coupons for new users
▸ Cloning events
▸ Queuing private message requests
▸ Emails for new memberships
▸ Closed support tickets are re-opened when comments are added
▸ Custom form validation rules
WHAT TO TEST FIRST?
▸ What is the core piece of functionality?
▸ What provides the most value to the client?
▸ What would you not like to be fixing on a Friday afternoon or after
hours?
WHAT TO TEST FIRST?
▸ Write a new test when adding any new functionality
▸ Write a regression test when fixing a bug
TYPES OF TESTS
▸ Unit
▸ Kernel (integration)
▸ Functional / FunctionalJavascript (web, browser, feature)
UNIT TESTS
▸ Tests PHP logic
▸ No database interaction
▸ Fast to run
▸ Need to mock dependencies
▸ Can become tightly coupled
▸ Can be hard to refactor
// tests/src/Unit/JobTest.php

namespace Drupal\Tests\advancedqueue\Unit;

use Drupal\advancedqueue\Job;
use Drupal\Tests\UnitTestCase;

class JobTest extends UnitTestCase {

public function testCreate() {

$job = Job::create('test', ['my' => 'data']);

$this->assertEquals('test', $job->getType());
$this->assertEquals(['my' => 'data'], $job->getPayload());
$this->assertEquals(Job::STATE_QUEUED, $job->getState());
}

}
// tests/src/Unit/JobTest.php

namespace Drupal\Tests\advancedqueue\Unit;

use Drupal\advancedqueue\Job;
use Drupal\Tests\UnitTestCase;

class JobTest extends UnitTestCase {

public function testCreate() {

$job = Job::create('test', ['my' => 'data']);

$this->assertEquals('test', $job->getType());
$this->assertEquals(['my' => 'data'], $job->getPayload());
$this->assertEquals(Job::STATE_QUEUED, $job->getState());
}

}
// tests/src/Unit/JobTest.php

namespace Drupal\Tests\advancedqueue\Unit;

use Drupal\advancedqueue\Job;
use Drupal\Tests\UnitTestCase;

class JobTest extends UnitTestCase {

public function testCreate() {

$job = Job::create('test', ['my' => 'data']);

$this->assertEquals('test', $job->getType());
$this->assertEquals(['my' => 'data'], $job->getPayload());
$this->assertEquals(Job::STATE_QUEUED, $job->getState());
}

}
KERNEL TESTS
▸ Integration tests
▸ Can install modules, interact with services, container, database
▸ Minimal Drupal bootstrap
▸ Faster than functional tests
▸ More setup required
// tests/src/Kernel/ProcessorTest.php

namespace Drupal\Tests\advancedqueue\Kernel;

use Drupal\advancedqueue\Entity\Queue;
use Drupal\advancedqueue\Job;
use Drupal\KernelTests\KernelTestBase;

class ProcessorTest extends KernelTestBase {

...

}
// tests/src/Kernel/ProcessorTest.php

protected function setUp() {

parent::setUp();

$this->installSchema('advancedqueue', ['advancedqueue']);

$this->queue = Queue::create([
'id' => 'test',
'label' => 'Test queue',
'backend' => 'database',
'backend_configuration' => [
'lease_time' => 5,
],
]);
$this->queue->save();

$this->processor = $this->container->get('advancedqueue.processor');
}
// tests/src/Kernel/ProcessorTest.php

protected function setUp() {

parent::setUp();

$this->installSchema('advancedqueue', ['advancedqueue']);

$this->queue = Queue::create([
'id' => 'test',
'label' => 'Test queue',
'backend' => 'database',
'backend_configuration' => [
'lease_time' => 5,
],
]);
$this->queue->save();

$this->processor = $this->container->get('advancedqueue.processor');
}
// tests/src/Kernel/ProcessorTest.php

protected function setUp() {

parent::setUp();

$this->installSchema('advancedqueue', ['advancedqueue']);

$this->queue = Queue::create([
'id' => 'test',
'label' => 'Test queue',
'backend' => 'database',
'backend_configuration' => [
'lease_time' => 5,
],
]);
$this->queue->save();

$this->processor = $this->container->get('advancedqueue.processor');
}
// tests/src/Kernel/ProcessorTest.php

protected function setUp() {

parent::setUp();

$this->installSchema('advancedqueue', ['advancedqueue']);

$this->queue = Queue::create([
'id' => 'test',
'label' => 'Test queue',
'backend' => 'database',
'backend_configuration' => [
'lease_time' => 5,
],
]);
$this->queue->save();

$this->processor = $this->container->get('advancedqueue.processor');
}
// tests/src/Kernel/ProcessorTest.php

public function testProcessor() {

$first_job = Job::create('simple', [
'test' => '1',
]);

$second_job = Job::create('flexible', [
'expected_state' => Job::STATE_SUCCESS,
'expected_message' => 'Done!',
]);

$third_job = Job::create(
'flexible', ['expected_exception' => 'DB down!'],
);

$fourth_job = Job::create('flexible', [
'expected_state' => Job::STATE_FAILURE,
'expected_message' => 'Failed!',
]);

...
}
// tests/src/Kernel/ProcessorTest.php

public function testProcessor() {

...

$this->queue->enqueueJob($first_job);
$this->queue->enqueueJob($second_job);
$this->queue->enqueueJob($third_job);
$this->queue->enqueueJob($fourth_job);

$num_processed = $this->processor->processQueue($this->queue);

$this->assertEquals(4, $num_processed);
}
// tests/src/Kernel/ProcessorTest.php

public function testProcessor() {

...

$this->queue->enqueueJob($first_job);
$this->queue->enqueueJob($second_job);
$this->queue->enqueueJob($third_job);
$this->queue->enqueueJob($fourth_job);

$num_processed = $this->processor->processQueue($this->queue);

$this->assertEquals(4, $num_processed);
}
FUNCTIONAL TESTS
▸ Tests end-to-end functionality
▸ UI testing
▸ Interacts with database
▸ Full Drupal installation
▸ Slower to run
▸ With/without JavaScript
// tests/src/Functional/QueueTest.php

namespace Drupal\Tests\advancedqueue\Functional;

use Drupal\advancedqueue\Entity\Queue;
use Drupal\advancedqueue\Entity\QueueInterface;
use Drupal\Tests\BrowserTestBase;

class QueueTest extends BrowserTestBase {

...
}
// tests/src/Functional/QueueTest.php

protected function setUp() {

parent::setUp();

$this->placeBlock('local_tasks_block');
$this->placeBlock('local_actions_block');
$this->placeBlock('page_title_block');

$this->adminUser = $this->drupalCreateUser(['administer advancedqueue']);

$this->drupalLogin($this->adminUser);
}
// tests/src/Functional/QueueTest.php

protected function setUp() {

parent::setUp();

$this->placeBlock('local_tasks_block');
$this->placeBlock('local_actions_block');
$this->placeBlock('page_title_block');

$this->adminUser = $this->drupalCreateUser(['administer advancedqueue']);

$this->drupalLogin($this->adminUser);
}
// tests/src/Functional/QueueTest.php

public function testQueueDeletion() {

$queue = Queue::create([
'id' => 'test',
'label' => 'Test',
'backend' => 'database',
'processor' => QueueInterface::PROCESSOR_DAEMON,
'processing_time' => 100,
]);
$queue->save();
$this->drupalGet('admin/config/system/queues/manage/' . $queue->id() . '/delete');
$this->submitForm([], 'Delete');
$this->assertSession()->addressEquals('admin/config/system/queues');

$queue_exists = (bool) Queue::load('test');

$this->assertEmpty($queue_exists, 'The queue has been deleted from the database.');
}
// tests/src/Functional/QueueTest.php

public function testQueueDeletion() {

$queue = Queue::create([
'id' => 'test',
'label' => 'Test',
'backend' => 'database',
'processor' => QueueInterface::PROCESSOR_DAEMON,
'processing_time' => 100,
]);
$queue->save();
$this->drupalGet('admin/config/system/queues/manage/' . $queue->id() . '/delete');
$this->submitForm([], 'Delete');
$this->assertSession()->addressEquals('admin/config/system/queues');

$queue_exists = (bool) Queue::load('test');

$this->assertEmpty($queue_exists, 'The queue has been deleted from the database.');
}
// tests/src/Functional/QueueTest.php

public function testQueueDeletion() {

$queue = Queue::create([
'id' => 'test',
'label' => 'Test',
'backend' => 'database',
'processor' => QueueInterface::PROCESSOR_DAEMON,
'processing_time' => 100,
]);
$queue->save();
$this->drupalGet('admin/config/system/queues/manage/' . $queue->id() . '/delete');
$this->submitForm([], 'Delete');
$this->assertSession()->addressEquals('admin/config/system/queues');

$queue_exists = (bool) Queue::load('test');

$this->assertEmpty($queue_exists, 'The queue has been deleted from the database.');
}
HOW DO I KNOW
WHICH TYPE OF TEST TO USE?
NEED A BROWSER?
USE A FUNCTIONAL TEST
INTERACT WITH OTHER SERVICES?
USE A KERNEL TEST
ISOLATED PHP CODE?
USE A UNIT TEST
SHOULD YOU TEST THAT
A BLOCK IS RENDERED
CORRECTLY?
OR SHOULD YOU TEST
YOUR RENDER ARRAY TO
GENERATE THE BLOCK?
SETUP (FUNCTIONAL)
drupalCreateUser()
drupalCreateRole()

drupalLogin()
drupalLogout()

drupalGet()
drupalPost()
drupalPostForm()
SETUP (KERNEL)
# UserCreationTrait
createUser()
createAdminRole()
createRole()
checkPermissions()

# CommentTestTrait
addDefaultCommentField()

# AssertMailTrait
getMails()
assertMail()
ASSERTIONS
assertTrue()
assertFalse()

assertEquals()
assertSame()

assertNull()
assertNotNull()

assertCount()
assertEmpty()

assertArraySubset()
ASSERTIONS (FUNCTIONAL)
assertSession()

pageTextContains()
pageTextNotContains()

linkByHrefExists()
linkByHrefNotExists()

statusCodeEquals()
statusCodeNotEquals()
REAL LIFE
EXAMPLE
SPECIFICATION
▸ Job adverts created in Broadbean UI, needs to create nodes in Drupal
▸ Application URL links users to separate application system
▸ Jobs need to be linked to offices
▸ Job length specified in number of days
▸ Path is specified as a field in the API
▸ Application URL constructed from domain, includes role ID as a GET parameter and
optionally UTM parameters
$data = [
'command' => 'add',
'username' => 'bobsmith',
'password' => 'p455w0rd',
'active_for' => '365',
'application_email' => '[email protected]',
'branch_address' => '123 Fake St, Bristol, BS1 2AB',
'branch_name' => 'Test',
'contract' => 'Temporary',
'details' => 'This is the detailed description.',
'job_id' => 'abc123_1234567',
'job_title' => 'Healthcare Assistant (HCA)',
'job_type' => 'Care at Home',
'keywords' => 'flexible, Bristol, part-time',
'locations' => 'Bath, Devizes',
'role_id' => 'A/52/86',
'salary' => '32,000.00 per annum',
'salary_prefix' => 'Basic Salary',
'status' => 'Part time',
'summary' => 'This is the short description.',
'url_alias' => 'healthcare-assistant-aldershot-june17',
];
IMPLEMENTATION
▸ Added route to accept data from API as XML
▸ Added system user with API role to authenticate
▸ active_for converted from number of days to UNIX timestamp
▸ branch_name and locations converted from plain text to entity
reference (job node to office node)
▸ url_alias property mapped to path
IMPLEMENTATION
▸ If no error, create the job node, return OK response to Broadbean
▸ If an Exception is thrown, return an error code and message
TESTING GOALS
▸ Ensure job nodes are successfully created
▸ Ensure that fields are mapped correctly
▸ Ensure that calculations are correct
▸ Ensure that entity references are linked correctly
TYPES OF TESTS
▸ Unit: ensure number of days are converted to timestamps correctly
▸ Kernel: job nodes can be added and deleted, expired job nodes are deleted,
application URL is generated correctly
▸ Functional: job nodes are created with the correct URL and the correct
response code is returned
▸ FunctionalJavaScript: application URL is updated with JavaScript based on UTM
parameters (hosting)
RESULTS
▸ 0 bugs!
▸ Reduced debugging time
▸ Easier to identify where issues occurred and responsibilities
RUNNING TESTS
OPTION 1
SIMPLETEST MODULE (UI)
OPTION 2
CORE SCRIPT
$ php core/scripts/run-tests.sh

$ php core/scripts/run-tests.sh --module example

$ php core/scripts/run-tests.sh --class ExampleTest

OPTION 3
PHPUNIT
PREREQUISITE (CREATING A PHPUNIT.XML FILE)
▸ Configures PHPUnit
▸ Needed to run some types of tests
▸ Ignored by Git by default
▸ Copy core/phpunit.xml.dist to core/phpunit.xml
▸ Add and change as needed
▸ SIMPLETEST_BASE_URL, SIMPLETEST_DB,
BROWSERTEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
▸ stopOnFailure="true"
cd web

../vendor/bin/phpunit -c core \
modules/contrib/examples/phpunit_example
cd web/core

../../vendor/bin/phpunit \
../modules/contrib/examples/phpunit_example
--filter

--testsuite

--group

--colors

--stop-on-failure

--verbose --debug
TEST DRIVEN
DEVELOPMENT
TEST DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT
▸ Write a test
▸ Test fails
▸ Write code
▸ Test passes
▸ Refactor
▸ Repeat
https://github.com/foundersandcoders/testing-tdd-intro
RED, GREEN, REFACTOR
PORTING MODULES TO DRUPAL 8
▸ Make a new branch
▸ Add/update the tests
▸ Write code to make the tests pass
▸ Refactor
▸ Repeat
HOW I WRITE TESTS - "OUTSIDE IN"
▸ Start with functional tests
▸ Drop down to integration or unit tests where needed
▸ Programming by wishful thinking
▸ Write comments first, then fill in the code
▸ Sometimes write assertions first
BUILDING A NEW DRUPAL 8 MODULE WITH
TEST DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
▸ As a site visitor
▸ I want to see a list of published articles at /blog
▸ Ordered by post date
TASKS
▸ Ensure the blog page exists
▸ Ensure only published articles are shown
▸ Ensure the articles are shown in the correct order
IMPLEMENTATION
▸ Use views module
▸ Do the mininum amount at each step, make no assumptions, let the
tests guide us
▸ Start with functional test
STEP 1
CREATE THE MODULE
# tdd_blog.info.yml

name: 'TDD Blog'

core: '8.x'
type: 'module'
STEP 2
ENSURE THE BLOG PAGE
EXISTS
// tests/src/Functional/BlogPageTest.php

namespace Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Functional;

use Drupal\Tests\BrowserTestBase;

class BlogPageTest extends BrowserTestBase {

protected static $modules = ['tdd_blog'];

public function testBlogPageExists() {

$this->drupalGet('/blog');

$this->assertSession()->statusCodeEquals(200);
}

}
// tests/src/Functional/BlogPageTest.php

namespace Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Functional;

use Drupal\Tests\BrowserTestBase;

class BlogPageTest extends BrowserTestBase {

protected static $modules = ['tdd_blog'];

public function testBlogPageExists() {

$this->drupalGet('/blog');

$this->assertSession()->statusCodeEquals(200);
}

}
// tests/src/Functional/BlogPageTest.php

namespace Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Functional;

use Drupal\Tests\BrowserTestBase;

class BlogPageTest extends BrowserTestBase {

protected static $modules = ['tdd_blog'];

public function testBlogPageExists() {

$this->drupalGet('/blog');

$this->assertSession()->statusCodeEquals(200);
}

}
// tests/src/Functional/BlogPageTest.php

namespace Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Functional;

use Drupal\Tests\BrowserTestBase;

class BlogPageTest extends BrowserTestBase {

protected static $modules = ['tdd_blog'];

public function testBlogPageExists() {

$this->drupalGet('/blog');

$this->assertSession()->statusCodeEquals(200);
}

}
// tests/src/Functional/BlogPageTest.php

namespace Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Functional;

use Drupal\Tests\BrowserTestBase;

class BlogPageTest extends BrowserTestBase {

protected static $modules = ['tdd_blog'];

public function testBlogPageExists() {

$this->drupalGet('/blog');

$this->assertSession()->statusCodeEquals(200);
}

}
docker@cli:/var/www/web$ ../vendor/bin/phpunit -c core modules/custom/tdd_blog
PHPUnit 6.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Testing modules/custom/tdd_blog
E 1 / 1 (100%)

Time: 19.31 seconds, Memory: 6.00MB

There was 1 error:

1) Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Functional\BlogPageTest::testBlogPageExists
Behat\Mink\Exception\ExpectationException: Current response status code is 404, but 200 expected.

/var/www/vendor/behat/mink/src/WebAssert.php:768
/var/www/vendor/behat/mink/src/WebAssert.php:130
/var/www/web/modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Functional/BlogPageTest.php:13

ERRORS!
Tests: 1, Assertions: 3, Errors: 1.
docker@cli:/var/www/web$ ../vendor/bin/phpunit -c core modules/custom/tdd_blog
PHPUnit 6.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Testing modules/custom/tdd_blog
E 1 / 1 (100%)

Time: 19.31 seconds, Memory: 6.00MB

There was 1 error:

1) Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Functional\BlogPageTest::testBlogPageExists
Behat\Mink\Exception\ExpectationException: Current response status code is 404, but 200 expected.

/var/www/vendor/behat/mink/src/WebAssert.php:768
/var/www/vendor/behat/mink/src/WebAssert.php:130
/var/www/web/modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Functional/BlogPageTest.php:13

ERRORS!
Tests: 1, Assertions: 3, Errors: 1.
docker@cli:/var/www/web$ ../vendor/bin/phpunit -c core modules/custom/tdd_blog
PHPUnit 6.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Testing modules/custom/tdd_blog
E 1 / 1 (100%)

Time: 19.31 seconds, Memory: 6.00MB

There was 1 error:

1) Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Functional\BlogPageTest::testBlogPageExists
Behat\Mink\Exception\ExpectationException: Current response status code is 404, but 200 expected.

/var/www/vendor/behat/mink/src/WebAssert.php:768
/var/www/vendor/behat/mink/src/WebAssert.php:130
/var/www/web/modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Functional/BlogPageTest.php:13

ERRORS!
Tests: 1, Assertions: 3, Errors: 1.
docker@cli:/var/www/web$ ../vendor/bin/phpunit -c core modules/custom/tdd_blog
PHPUnit 6.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Testing modules/custom/tdd_blog
E 1 / 1 (100%)

Time: 19.31 seconds, Memory: 6.00MB

There was 1 error:

1) Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Functional\BlogPageTest::testBlogPageExists
Behat\Mink\Exception\ExpectationException: Current response status code is 404, but 200 expected.

/var/www/vendor/behat/mink/src/WebAssert.php:768
/var/www/vendor/behat/mink/src/WebAssert.php:130
/var/www/web/modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Functional/BlogPageTest.php:13

ERRORS!
Tests: 1, Assertions: 3, Errors: 1.
docker@cli:/var/www/web$ ../vendor/bin/phpunit -c core modules/custom/tdd_blog
PHPUnit 6.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Testing modules/custom/tdd_blog
E 1 / 1 (100%)

Time: 19.31 seconds, Memory: 6.00MB

There was 1 error:

1) Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Functional\BlogPageTest::testBlogPageExists
Behat\Mink\Exception\ExpectationException: Current response status code is 404, but 200 expected.

/var/www/vendor/behat/mink/src/WebAssert.php:768
/var/www/vendor/behat/mink/src/WebAssert.php:130
/var/www/web/modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Functional/BlogPageTest.php:13

ERRORS!
Tests: 1, Assertions: 3, Errors: 1.
▸ The view has not been created
▸ Create a new view, page display
▸ Set the path
▸ Export the config
▸ Copy it into the module's config/install directory
drush cex -y

cp ../config/default/views.view.blog.yml \
modules/custom/tdd_blog/config/install
# views.view.blog.yml

- uuid: 84305edf-7aef-4109-bc93-e87f685fb678
langcode: en
status: true
dependencies:
config:
- node.type.article
module:
- node
- user
- _core:
- default_config_hash: iGZkqLWpwWNORq6_fy6v_Kn_KE4BjYHqj9vpgQsWJCs
id: blog
...
docker@cli:/var/www/web$ ../vendor/bin/phpunit -c core modules/custom/tdd_blog
PHPUnit 6.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Testing modules/custom/tdd_blog
E 1 / 1 (100%)

Time: 16.02 seconds, Memory: 6.00MB

There was 1 error:

1) Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Functional\BlogPageTest::testBlogPageExists
Drupal\Core\Config\UnmetDependenciesException: Configuration objects provided by <em class="placeholder">tdd_blog</em>
have unmet dependencies: <em class="placeholder">views.view.blog (node.type.article, node, views)</em>

/var/www/web/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Config/UnmetDependenciesException.php:98
/var/www/web/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Config/ConfigInstaller.php:469
/var/www/web/core/lib/Drupal/Core/ProxyClass/Config/ConfigInstaller.php:132
/var/www/web/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/ModuleInstaller.php:145
/var/www/web/core/lib/Drupal/Core/ProxyClass/Extension/ModuleInstaller.php:83
/var/www/web/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Test/FunctionalTestSetupTrait.php:437
/var/www/web/core/tests/Drupal/Tests/BrowserTestBase.php:1055
/var/www/web/core/tests/Drupal/Tests/BrowserTestBase.php:490

ERRORS!
Tests: 1, Assertions: 0, Errors: 1.
# tdd_blog.info.yml

name: 'TDD Blog'

description: 'A demo module to show test driven module development.'
core: 8.x
type: module

dependencies:
- 'drupal:node'
- 'drupal:views'
docker@cli:/var/www/web$ ../vendor/bin/phpunit -c core modules/custom/tdd_blog
PHPUnit 6.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Testing modules/custom/tdd_blog
E 1 / 1 (100%)

Time: 20 seconds, Memory: 6.00MB

There was 1 error:

1) Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Functional\BlogPageTest::testBlogPageExists
Drupal\Core\Config\UnmetDependenciesException: Configuration objects provided by <em class="placeholder">tdd_blog</em>
have unmet dependencies: <em class="placeholder">views.view.blog (node.type.article)</em>

/var/www/web/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Config/UnmetDependenciesException.php:98
/var/www/web/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Config/ConfigInstaller.php:469
/var/www/web/core/lib/Drupal/Core/ProxyClass/Config/ConfigInstaller.php:132
/var/www/web/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Extension/ModuleInstaller.php:145
/var/www/web/core/lib/Drupal/Core/ProxyClass/Extension/ModuleInstaller.php:83
/var/www/web/core/lib/Drupal/Core/Test/FunctionalTestSetupTrait.php:437
/var/www/web/core/tests/Drupal/Tests/BrowserTestBase.php:1055
/var/www/web/core/tests/Drupal/Tests/BrowserTestBase.php:490

ERRORS!
Tests: 1, Assertions: 0, Errors: 1.
▸ Add the article content type
docker@cli:/var/www/web$ ../vendor/bin/phpunit -c core modules/custom/tdd_blog
PHPUnit 6.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Testing modules/custom/tdd_blog
. 1 / 1 (100%)

Time: 23.36 seconds, Memory: 6.00MB

OK (1 test, 3 assertions)
TASKS
▸ Ensure the blog page exists
▸ Ensure only published articles are shown
▸ Ensure the articles are shown in the correct order
STEP 3
ENSURE ONLY PUBLISHED
ARTICLES ARE SHOWN
public function testOnlyPublishedArticlesAreShown() {
// Given I have a mixture of published and unpublished articles,
// as well as other types of content.

// When I view the blog page.

// I should only see the published articles.

}
OPTION 1
FUNCTIONAL TESTS
// modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Functional/BlogPageTest.php

public function testOnlyPublishedArticlesAreShown() {

// Given I have a mixture of published and unpublished articles,
// as well as other types of content.
$node1 = $this->drupalCreateNode(['type' => 'page', 'status' => 1]);
$node2 = $this->drupalCreateNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 1]);
$node3 = $this->drupalCreateNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 0]);

// When I view the blog page.

$this->drupalGet('/blog');

// I should only see the published articles.

$assert = $this->assertSession();
$assert->pageTextContains($node2->label());
$assert->pageTextNotContains($node1->label());
$assert->pageTextNotContains($node3->label());
}
// modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Functional/BlogPageTest.php

public function testOnlyPublishedArticlesAreShown() {

// Given I have a mixture of published and unpublished articles,
// as well as other types of content.
$node1 = $this->drupalCreateNode(['type' => 'page', 'status' => 1]);
$node2 = $this->drupalCreateNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 1]);
$node3 = $this->drupalCreateNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 0]);

// When I view the blog page.

$this->drupalGet('/blog');

// I should only see the published articles.

$assert = $this->assertSession();
$assert->pageTextContains($node2->label());
$assert->pageTextNotContains($node1->label());
$assert->pageTextNotContains($node3->label());
}
// modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Functional/BlogPageTest.php

public function testOnlyPublishedArticlesAreShown() {

// Given I have a mixture of published and unpublished articles,
// as well as other types of content.
$node1 = $this->drupalCreateNode(['type' => 'page', 'status' => 1]);
$node2 = $this->drupalCreateNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 1]);
$node3 = $this->drupalCreateNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 0]);

// When I view the blog page.

$this->drupalGet('/blog');

// I should only see the published articles.

$assert = $this->assertSession();
$assert->pageTextContains($node2->label());
$assert->pageTextNotContains($node1->label());
$assert->pageTextNotContains($node3->label());
}
OPTION 2
KERNEL TESTS
namespace Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Kernel;

use Drupal\KernelTests\Core\Entity\EntityKernelTestBase;
use Drupal\Tests\node\Traits\NodeCreationTrait;

class BlogPageTest extends EntityKernelTestBase {

use NodeCreationTrait;

public static $modules = ['node'];

public function testOnlyPublishedArticlesAreShown() {

$this->createNode(['type' => 'page', 'status' => 1]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 1]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 0]);
}

}
namespace Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Kernel;

use Drupal\KernelTests\Core\Entity\EntityKernelTestBase;
use Drupal\Tests\node\Traits\NodeCreationTrait;

class BlogPageTest extends EntityKernelTestBase {

use NodeCreationTrait;

public static $modules = ['node'];

public function testOnlyPublishedArticlesAreShown() {

$this->createNode(['type' => 'page', 'status' => 1]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 1]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 0]);
}

}
namespace Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Kernel;

use Drupal\KernelTests\Core\Entity\EntityKernelTestBase;
use Drupal\Tests\node\Traits\NodeCreationTrait;

class BlogPageTest extends EntityKernelTestBase {

use NodeCreationTrait;

public static $modules = ['node'];

public function testOnlyPublishedArticlesAreShown() {

$this->createNode(['type' => 'page', 'status' => 1]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 1]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 0]);
}

}
namespace Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Kernel;

use Drupal\KernelTests\Core\Entity\EntityKernelTestBase;
use Drupal\Tests\node\Traits\NodeCreationTrait;

class BlogPageTest extends EntityKernelTestBase {

use NodeCreationTrait;

public static $modules = ['node'];

public function testOnlyPublishedArticlesAreShown() {

$this->createNode(['type' => 'page', 'status' => 1]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 1]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 0]);
}

}
docker@cli:/var/www/web$ ../vendor/bin/phpunit -c core modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel/
PHPUnit 6.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Testing modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel/
E 1 / 1 (100%)

Time: 6.22 seconds, Memory: 6.00MB

There was 1 error:

1) Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Kernel\BlogPageTest::testOnlyPublishedArticlesAreShown
Error: Call to a member function id() on boolean

/var/www/web/core/modules/filter/filter.module:212
/var/www/web/core/modules/node/tests/src/Traits/NodeCreationTrait.php:73
/var/www/web/modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel/BlogPageTest.php:13

ERRORS!
Tests: 1, Assertions: 2, Errors: 1.
public function testOnlyPublishedArticlesAreShown() {
$this->installConfig(['filter']);

$this->createNode(['type' => 'page', 'status' => 1]);

$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 1]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 0]);
}
public function testOnlyPublishedArticlesAreShown() {
$this->installConfig(['filter']);

$this->createNode(['type' => 'page', 'status' => 1]);

$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 1]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 0]);

$results = views_get_view_result('blog');
}
...

public static $modules = ['node', 'tdd_blog', 'views'];

public function testOnlyPublishedArticlesAreShown() {

$this->installConfig(['filter', 'tdd_blog']);

$this->createNode(['type' => 'page', 'status' => 1]);

$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 1]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 0]);

$results = views_get_view_result('blog');

$this->assertCount(1, $results);
$this->assertEquals(2, $results[0]->_entity->id());
}
...

public static $modules = ['node', 'tdd_blog', 'views'];

public function testOnlyPublishedArticlesAreShown() {

$this->installConfig(['filter', 'tdd_blog']);

$this->createNode(['type' => 'page', 'status' => 1]);

$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 1]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 0]);

$results = views_get_view_result('blog');

$this->assertCount(1, $results);
$this->assertEquals(2, $results[0]->_entity->id());
}
...

public static $modules = ['node', 'tdd_blog', 'views'];

public function testOnlyPublishedArticlesAreShown() {

$this->installConfig(['filter', 'tdd_blog']);

$this->createNode(['type' => 'page', 'status' => 1]);

$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 1]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'status' => 0]);

$results = views_get_view_result('blog');

$this->assertCount(1, $results);
$this->assertEquals(2, $results[0]->_entity->id());
}
PHPUnit 6.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Testing web/modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel
F 1 / 1 (100%)

Time: 2.16 seconds, Memory: 6.00MB

There was 1 failure:

1) Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Kernel\BlogPageTest::testOnlyPublishedArticlesAreShown
Failed asserting that actual size 2 matches expected size 1.

/Users/opdavies/Code/drupal-testing-workshop/web/modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel/BlogPageTest.php:23

FAILURES!
Tests: 1, Assertions: 4, Failures: 1.
PHPUnit 6.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Testing web/modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel
F 1 / 1 (100%)

Time: 2.16 seconds, Memory: 6.00MB

There was 1 failure:

1) Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Kernel\BlogPageTest::testOnlyPublishedArticlesAreShown
Failed asserting that actual size 2 matches expected size 1.

/Users/opdavies/Code/drupal-testing-workshop/web/modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel/BlogPageTest.php:23

FAILURES!
Tests: 1, Assertions: 4, Failures: 1.
▸ There is no content type filter on the view
▸ Add the filter
▸ Re-export and save the view
PHPUnit 6.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Testing web/modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel
. 1 / 1 (100%)

Time: 2.02 seconds, Memory: 6.00MB

OK (1 test, 6 assertions)
TASKS
▸ Ensure the blog page exists
▸ Ensure only published articles are shown
▸ Ensure the articles are shown in the correct order
STEP 4
ENSURE THE ARTICLES ARE
ORDERED BY DATE
// modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel/BlogPageTest.php

public function testArticlesAreOrderedByDate() {

// Given that I have numerous articles with different post dates.

// When I go to the blog page.

// The articles are ordered by post date.

}
// modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel/BlogPageTest.php

public function testArticlesAreOrderedByDate() {

// Given that I have numerous articles with different post dates.
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'created' => (new \DateTime())->modify('+1 day')->getTimestamp()]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'created' => (new \DateTime())->modify('+1 month')->getTimestamp()]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'created' => (new \DateTime())->modify('+3 days')->getTimestamp()]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'created' => (new \DateTime())->modify('+1 hour')->getTimestamp()]);

// When I go to the blog page.

// The articles are ordered by post date.

}
$this->createNode([
'type' => 'article',
'created' => (new \DateTime())->modify('+1 day')->getTimestamp(),
]);
// modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel/BlogPageTest.php

public function testArticlesAreOrderedByDate() {

// Given that I have numerous articles with different post dates.
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'created' => (new \DateTime())->modify('+1 day')->getTimestamp()]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'created' => (new \DateTime())->modify('+1 month')->getTimestamp()]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'created' => (new \DateTime())->modify('+3 days')->getTimestamp()]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'created' => (new \DateTime())->modify('+1 hour')->getTimestamp()]);

// When I go to the blog page.

$results = views_get_view_result('blog');

// The articles are ordered by post date.

}
// modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel/BlogPageTest.php

public function testArticlesAreOrderedByDate() {

// Given that I have numerous articles with different post dates.
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'created' => (new \DateTime())->modify('+1 day')->getTimestamp()]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'created' => (new \DateTime())->modify('+1 month')->getTimestamp()]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'created' => (new \DateTime())->modify('+3 days')->getTimestamp()]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'created' => (new \DateTime())->modify('+1 hour')->getTimestamp()]);

// When I go to the blog page.

$results = views_get_view_result('blog');

$nids = array_map(function(ResultRow $result) {

return $result->_entity->id();
}, $results);

// The articles are ordered by post date.

}
// modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel/BlogPageTest.php

public function testArticlesAreOrderedByDate() {

// Given that I have numerous articles with different post dates.
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'created' => (new \DateTime())->modify('+1 day')->getTimestamp()]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'created' => (new \DateTime())->modify('+1 month')->getTimestamp()]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'created' => (new \DateTime())->modify('+3 days')->getTimestamp()]);
$this->createNode(['type' => 'article', 'created' => (new \DateTime())->modify('+1 hour')->getTimestamp()]);

// When I go to the blog page.

$results = views_get_view_result('blog');

$nids = array_map(function(ResultRow $result) {

return $result->_entity->id();
}, $results);

// The articles are ordered by post date.

$this->assertEquals([4, 1, 3, 2], $nids);
}
PHPUnit 6.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Testing web/modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel
F 1 / 1 (100%)

Time: 1.42 seconds, Memory: 6.00MB

There was 1 failure:

1) Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Kernel\BlogPageTest::testArticlesAreOrderedByDate
Failed asserting that two arrays are equal.
--- Expected
+++ Actual
@@ @@
Array (
- 0 => 4
- 1 => 1
- 2 => 3
- 3 => 2
+ 0 => '1'
+ 1 => '2'
+ 2 => '3'
+ 3 => '4'

/Users/opdavies/Code/drupal-testing-workshop/web/core/tests/Drupal/KernelTests/KernelTestBase.php:1114
/Users/opdavies/Code/drupal-testing-workshop/web/modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel/BlogPageTest.php:43

FAILURES!
Tests: 1, Assertions: 4, Failures: 1.
PHPUnit 6.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Testing web/modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel
F 1 / 1 (100%)

Time: 1.42 seconds, Memory: 6.00MB

There was 1 failure:

1) Drupal\Tests\tdd_blog\Kernel\BlogPageTest::testArticlesAreOrderedByDate
Failed asserting that two arrays are equal.
--- Expected
+++ Actual
@@ @@
Array (
- 0 => 4
- 1 => 1
- 2 => 3
- 3 => 2
+ 0 => '1'
+ 1 => '2'
+ 2 => '3'
+ 3 => '4'

/Users/opdavies/Code/drupal-testing-workshop/web/core/tests/Drupal/KernelTests/KernelTestBase.php:1114
/Users/opdavies/Code/drupal-testing-workshop/web/modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel/BlogPageTest.php:43

FAILURES!
Tests: 1, Assertions: 4, Failures: 1.
▸ There is no sort order defined on the view
▸ Add the sort order
▸ Re-export the view
PHPUnit 6.5.8 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Testing web/modules/custom/tdd_blog/tests/src/Kernel
. 1 / 1 (100%)

Time: 1.74 seconds, Memory: 6.00MB

OK (1 test, 5 assertions)
TASKS
▸ Ensure the blog page exists
▸ Ensure only published articles are shown
▸ Ensure the articles are shown in the correct order
TAKE AWAYS
▸ Testing has made me a better developer
▸ Testing can produce better quality code
▸ Use the right type of test for the right situation
▸ Use the right base class, use available traits
▸ Writing tests is an investment
▸ OK to start small, introduce tests gradually
▸ Easier to refactor
▸ Tests can pass, but things can still be broken. Tests only report on what they
cover.
HAVING TESTS DOES NOT MEAN
THERE WILL BE NO BUGS
YOU MIGHT BE TESTING THE WRONG THING
MAYBE IT DOESN'T WORK THE
WAY YOU THINK IT DOES
HAVE YOU WRITTEN ENOUGH ASSERTIONS?
HAVE YOU ONLY COVERED THE
'HAPPY PATH' SCENARIOS?
OTHER MODULES CAN AFFECT THINGS
TESTS MAY PASS, BUT FAIL
WHEN OTHER MODULES ARE
ENABLED
TESTING MAY ADD TIME NOW
BUT SAVE MORE TIME IN THE FUTURE
HOW DO YOU GET QUICKER AT WRITING TESTS?
BY WRITING MORE TESTS
START SMALL
SOME TESTS ARE BETTER
THAN NO TESTS
QUESTIONS?
THANKS
@OPDAVIES
OLIVERDAVIES.UK