Community Diagnosis Barangay Pizzarough

Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

Tamag, Vigan City
2700 Ilocos Sur
A Community Diagnosis of
Barangay Pizzarough
A Report Presented
To the College of Nursing
University of Northern Philippines
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Course Requirements in
NCM 109 CL
By:
Ariellie V. Pastores Allysa Jane J. Pugal
Mark Angelo C. Perez Pauline Ann T. Pula
Jeza Lauren V. Pilarta Shaneika Anne Margarethe C. Purisima
Edrianna Kassandra B. Pineda Roshine Joy G. Queddeng
Kevin G. Potencion Kayla Mae R. Querubin
Hannah A. Quindipan
Date:
May 2, 2022
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ACKNOWLEGDEMENT
For the flourishing completion of this study, the student nurses would like to
express their sincere and deepest gratitude for the opportunity extended to them by
the individuals who given out their invaluable time, constant motivation, inspiration,
and uplifting advice in the realization of this community diagnosis, particularly the
following:
Hon. Dr. Edwin F. Cadorna, President of University of Northern

Philippines, for his heartfelt support, uplifting, and vigorous effort in providing
persistent reminders for the completion of the study.
Dr. Francis Don I. Nero, Dean of College of Nursing for his for his heartfelt
support, uplifting, and vigorous effort in providing persistent reminders for the
completion of the study.
Mrs. Aprileth Quelnan, Community Health Nursing (CHN) Clinical

Instructor for her sincere motivation, guiding, and unending support all throughout
the conduct of the community diagnosis up until into the finalization of the study.
Barangay Officials of the Different Barangays, who extended their hands

for allowing the student in conducting surveys, collecting data required for the
community diagnosis.
Residents of the Barangay Pizzarough, who sincerely participated and

giving their time in answering all the questions needed for the study.
The Parents of the Student Nurses, for their unending support, love,
patience to continue pursuing their study.
Above all, to Almighty God, who deserves the honour and praise, for his
limitless and abundant blessings for Him nothing is impossible.
Tamag, Vigan City
2700 Ilocos Sur
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page ………………………………………………………………………………………………….1
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………………………………………...2
Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………………………………3
CHAPTER I
I. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………….5
II. Scope and Limitations …………………………………………………………….………………7
III. General and Specific Obejctives…………………………………………………………………..7
CHAPTER II
I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
a. Total Population ………………………………………………………………………………….8
b. Household Size……………………………………………………………………………………8
c. Sex Ratio……………………………………………………………………………………..….10
d. Age……………………………………………………………………………………………....11
e. Civil Status……………………………………………………………………………………....12
f. Residence………………………………………………………………………………….…….14
II. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS
A. Social Indicators
1. Educational Status……………………………………………………………………….………15
2. Real Property…………………………………………………………………………….………17
3. Status of Housing……………………………………………………………………….……….18
4. Number of Bedrooms……………………………………………………………………..……..19
5. Utilities………………………………………………………………………………….……….21
B. Economic Indicators
1. Communication Network ……………………………………………………………….………22
2. Employment Status……………………………………………………………………………...24
3. Monthly Income…………………………………………………………………………………25
4. Food Production…………………………………………………………………………………26
5. Transportation System…………………………………………………………………………..27
C. Environmental Indicators
1. Physical and Geographical Characteristics
a. Areas that Contribute to Vector Problems……………………………………………………...29
b. Land Use………………………………………………………………………………………..29
c. Climate/Season...…………………………………………………………...……………….…..30
2. Water Supply…….………………………………………………………...……………….….30
3. Drinking Water……………………………………………………………...…………….…..31
4. Waste Segregation…………………………………………………………..………….….…..33
5. Garbage Disposal…………..…………………………………………………..…………..….34
6. Type of Toilet…. …………………………………………………………….……….….……36
7. Toilet Condition……..……………………………………………………….……….…..……37
8. Type of Drainage…………………………………………………………….……….…..……38
9. Presence of Domestic Animals……………………………………………………….…..…...39
D. Cultural Profile
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1. Religion……………………………………………………………………………….………..41
2. Cultural Affiliation………………………………………………………………………….…42
3. Dialect Spoken at Home……………………………………………………………………….43
4. Cultural Beliefs and Practices…………………………………………………………............44
E. Political Profile
1. List of Barangay Officials……………………………………………………………………..50
2. List of Suggested Officials…………………………………………………………………….50
3. Organization Present in the Barangay…………………………………………………………51
A. COMMUNITY HEALTH STATUS
I. HEALTH AND ILLNESS
1. Leading Causes of Morbidity………………………………………………………………….53
2. Leading Causes of Mortality…………………………………………………………………..55
II. MATERNAL CARE
1. Family Planning Affected by Religion………………………………………………………..57
2. Contraceptive Users…………………………………………………………………………...57
3. Contraceptive Used……………………………………………………………………………58
III. CHILD CARE
1. Immunization Status………………………………………………………………………….59
2. Child Feeding………………………………………………………………………………...60
3. Weaning Age…………………………………………………………………………………61
4. Initial Food Given……………………………………………………………………………62
IV. HEALTH RESOURCES
1. Place of Consultation…………………………………………………………………………62
2. Place Sought for Child Care………………………………………………………………….63
B. PRIORITIZATION OF COMMUNITY HEALTH PROBLEMS
Problem 1…………………………………………………………………………………………….65
Problem 2…………………………………………………………………………………………….66
Problem 3…………………………………………………………………………………………….68
Problem 4…………………………………………………………………………………………….69
Problem 5…………………………………………………………………………………………….70
Problem 6…………………………………………………………………………………………….72
CHAPTER III
Nursing Care Plans…………………………………………………………………………………..74
APPENDICES
Appendix A (Family Listing)……………………………………………………………………..…90
Appendix B (Overall Tally)……………………...……………………………………………….....93
Appendix C (Documentation)…………………………………………….………………………...104
Appendix D (Community Health Survey Form)……………………………………………………114
Bibliography ………………………………………………………………………………………..120
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CHAPTER I
This chapter presents the Introduction, the Scopes and Limitations, and the Objectives of
the Community Diagnosis held at Barangay, Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur.
I. INTRODUCTION
A “Community” has traditionally been defined as a collection of individuals who
interact and lie in the same place. The term is frequently used to refer to a community
established around shared beliefs in a common geographical place. However, the term has
grown and been broadened to include people who share qualities regardless of where they
are or how they engage.
On the other hand, health has been defined by the World Health Organization in
1994 as a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health
is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion,
political belief or economic and social condition.
Prerequisites for health include: peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable
eco-system, sustainable resources and social justice and equity (Ottawa, 1986). As such, a
health community continually creates and improves the environment and expands
resources such that the prerequisites for health are provided and all citizens of the
community move toward the broad definition of health.
The health of a community is dependent not only upon the genetics of its residents,
but also upon the environment within which those individuals live. A person’s health is a
product of their environment. As such, a healthy community is one in which all residents
have access to a quality education, safe and healthy homes, adequate employment,
transportation, physical activity, and nutrition, in addition to quality health care. Unhealthy
communities lead to chronic disease, such as cancers, diabetes, and heart disease.
To create a healthy community, the focus must shift from an individualistic,
medical view of health to a view that considers health within the context of the social
environment and police perspective (Wolff, 2003). This is not to say that individuals should
be taken out of their own health equation. Rather, a person’s health and that of the
community are products of the social environment and the choices that the individual
makes as members of the community (Norris, Lampe, 1994). To address health issues in a
meaningful way, a community diagnosis is conducted. This is to give consideration to the
relationship between health and wellness, and the key components of the environment in
which people live and work such as the following: quality education, adequate and safe
housing, employment opportunities and job skills, training, access to public transportation
and recreational opportunities, health, clean and safe physical environments, and health
education and access to health care.
Community diagnosis is a comprehensive assessment of the health state of the
entire community in relation to physical, social and biological environment. It is done in
order; to define and describe the health status of a population in a specific community,
assess the attitude of the community towards the community services, the resources of the
community and priorities in terms of health and how they can be disseminated (William,
2017).
The term “community health nursing” is composed of three major concepts-
community (client), health (goal) and nursing (the means). The nursing practice in the
community entails the utilization of a number of processes to respond health needs of the
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clients. This activity is designed to assist communities in developing a consensus about

the priority health problems in their individual communities and developing strategies to
address the issues identified
With this, the second-year Bachelor Science in Nursing students of the University of
Northern Philippines formed a barangay named Barangay Pizzarough, located in the
municipality of Bantay, in the province of Ilocos Sur, by combining seventy-seven (77)
households within each of their communities. The barangay consists of three hundred seven
(307) individuals. Within the barangay, there have been several problems affecting their
daily living, health, and overall well-being observed, which are rooted from social,
economic, environmental, cultural, and political factors. With that being said, the
community diagnosis will display all of the data needed in determining the etiology of the
problems faced by the community through a systematic and logical assessment of the
community with the participation of its residents, thus aiding the improvement of the status
of the community, with the help of the Nursing Care Plans.
II. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This Community Diagnosis was delimited to determine the problems faced by the
community affecting their daily living, health, and well-being in Barangay Pizzarough,
Bantay, Ilocos Sur, which was conducted from April 4 – May 2, 2022. The assessment was
conducted through home visits, and interviews of a random sampling of the residents, with
the use of the community health survey, that served as a tool for the community diagnosis.
Furthermore, it looked into the factors that contributed to these problems such as the
following: (1) demographic profile, (2) socio-economic factors, (3) community health
status, and (4) health resources. These factors identified will also help in making nursing
care plans for the community in the future.
The study was delimited to seventy-seven (77) household with a total population of
307 individuals from the combined interviewed seven (7) households from each of the
eleven (11) student nurses in their respective hometowns, creating Barangay Pizzarough,
Bantay, Ilocos Sur.
III. GENERAL AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
General Objective:
This study aims to describe the health status of Brgy. Pizarrough, Bantay, Ilocos
Sur by obtaining the demographic data, political leaders aspects, and environmental
aspects, Community Health rograms and services and health management, socio-
economic, cultural and health illness patterns. It also aims in developing a nursing care
plan to improve the overall status of the barangay.
Specific Objectives:
I. To establish rapport with the officials and members of the community in order to
be familiar with what goes around them, and to determine their specific community
needs.
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II. To gather and evaluate data that will cater to the identification of Health status and
specific community needs through a Community Health Survey. The following
indicators should suffice to the data needed:
- Demographic Profile
- Socio-Economic Factors
- Community Health Status
III. To prioritize underlying Community Needs implying Health Problems and suggest
possible solutions which may be used as bases of community leaders in the
improvement of the community. The following variables may serve as the bases:
- Prioritization of Community Problems
- Community Health Care Plans
IV. To compile supplementary information of the barangay which are vital factors to
their health such as the land area, the population, and climate, political and
economical status and other factors to assess their influence over the residents’
well-being.
V. To develop or implement a care plan for possible solutions or nursing actions to the
priority health concerns.
VI. To broaden and enhance the student nurses’ knowledge and expose themselves to
Community Health Nursing whilst being able to help the population in identifying
and recognizing their problems. Also, to suffice to the learning and mastery of the
skills and roles of student nurses.
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CHAPTER II
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter covers the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the demographic profile,
socio-economic factors, maternal care, child care, and health resources in Barangay Pizzarough,
Bantay, Ilocos Sur.
I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
The Demographic Profile consists of the Total Population, Household Size, Sex
Ratio, Age Statistics, Civil Status, and Type of Residence.
1. Total Population
As of April 2022, 77 household are present in the Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay,
Ilocos Sur consisting of a total population of 307 individuals.
Table 1 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of total population in

Barangay Pizzarough as of April 2022.
Table 1. Frequency and percentage distribution of total population in Baranggay

Pizzarough as of April 2022
Total Population Frequency Percentage

307 307 100%
TOTAL 307 100%
2. Household Size
The table below shows the frequency and percentage distribution of household size
in Barangay Pizzarough as of April 2022.
Table 2. Frequency and percentage distribution of household size in Barangay

Pizzarough as of April 2022.
Household size Frequency No. of Individuals Percentage

1 0 0 0%
2 8 16 10.39%
3 16 48 20.78%
4 28 112 36.37%
5 20 100 25.97%
6 4 24 5.19%
7 1 7 1.30%
8 0 0 0%
9 0 0 0%
Total 77 307 100%
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Figure 1. Percentage distribution of household size in Barangay Pizzarough as of

April 2022
In the community, there are 77 families living there. Most of the people in the
community live in homes with four people in them, with 28 homes and a percentage of
36.37%. The next most common family size is five people, with 20 homes and a
percentage of 25.97%. With only 5.19%, it can be said that there is only four families
in the community that has a family of six and one family that has seven members only
with a percentage of 1.30%.
Analysis:
The gathered data shows that most households in the community has for
individuals in them, following with the household size of 5. This conforms to the
National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) conducted in 2017 that Filipino
households consists of an average of 4.2 people. According to the NDHS, the mean
ideal family size in the Philippines is 2.7 children for all women and 3.0 children for
currently married women. This lies within the range of having four to five individuals
per household as conducted in the barangay. Having smaller number of children,
parents can provide parenteral attention and educational advantages to their children.
Health Implication:
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020), a
household is composed of persons who are presently residing together in one house. It
constitutes an important role in one’s health and it has a significant role to support each
member to achieve optimum health and quality living.
Having small household sizes and fewer children, with children receiving more
parenteral attention and educational advantages, this generally raises their self-esteem.
Children in small families, especially first and only children, tend to have higher school
and personal achievement levels than do children of larger families. In addition to this,
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financial costs of maintaining a household are lower, and it is easier for both parents to
combine careers with family life. The general stress level is also lower because there
often are fewer conflicts and less rivalry. Therefore, the children along with their
parents will have a healthier environment to live on, as stress is greatly reduced by the
aforementioned factors.
On the other hand, 5.19% of the household have a size of 6, while 1.3% of the
households have a size of 7.
With that, it can be inferred that the economic and health situation of each
household may be compromised. This is due to the fact that more household members
result in more resources needed to obtain the healthcare needed. The family with the
largest household size may be forced to consume an unequal amount of resources;
however, a family with the smallest household size may be able to enjoy the same
amount of resources as if they were by themselves.
3. Sex Ratio
Table 3. Frequency and percentage distribution of Sex ratio in Barangay
Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur as of April 2022
Sex Frequency Percentage
Male 147 47.88%
Female 160 52.12%
TOTAL 307 100%
Figure 2. Percentage distribution of sex ratio in Barangay Pizzarough as of April

2022
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Interpretation:
One hundred forty-seven or 47.88% of the total population of Barangay
Pizzarough are Male and the remaining one hundred sixty or 52.12% of the population
are Female.
Analysis:
From the data, it can be implied that there are more females in the barangay
than males. Although the sex ratio in every country births are male biased, there are
other several factors that would determine the dominance of a sex in a specific
population. This includes the susceptibility of males than females to complications and
infectious diseases during birth, especially when they are not provided with an
environment where they can fully grow, develop, and be nurtured. Also, the sex ratio
with a higher male than female tends to decrease over the life course, which is
becoming male-biased to female-biased, as women tend to live longer than men. This
is proved by the data gathered that mortality in men (62.5%) is more prevalent than that
of the mortality in women (37.5%).
Health Implication:
The involvement of both men and women in nutritional information and
interventions is key to their successful implementation. Unfortunately, in most
developing countries, women are selected for nutritional education because they are
responsible for the preparation of meals. However, they often lack access to nutritional
food because men generally make decisions about its production and purchase.
Similarly, men may not provide nutritional food for their families because they have
not received information about nutrition. The participation of both men and women is,
therefore, fundamental to changing how decisions about food are made and food-
consumption patterns and nutrition families. The study in rural Haiti referred to above
also found positive outcomes through the formation of men's groups which received
information on nutrition, health, and childcare. These men, in turn, were resources for
education of the whole community (Vlassoff, 2007).
4. Age Statistics
The table shows the age statistics in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur, as of
April 2022.
Table 4. Frequency and percentage distribution of age statistics in Barangay

Age Statistics Frequency Percentage

(0-3) 20 6.52%
(4-5) 5 1.63%
(6-14) 60 19.54%
(15-18) 31 10.09%
(19-25) 43 14.01%
(26-35) 47 15.31%
(36-45) 52 16.94%
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(46-55) 28 9.12%
56 above 21 6.84%
TOTAL 307 100%
Interpretation:
The graph shows that the majority age of the 77 households in the middle
childhood (6-11 years) to adolescence comprising it to 19.54% of the households
have people within their early middle ages and 1.63 % from infancy to toddlerhood.
Analysis:
The data implies that most of the population in Barangay Pizzarough are
composed of middle childhood. This conforms to the National Demographic and
Health Survey (NDHS) in 2017, where one-third of the Philippine population is under
age 15. A child’s developmental path in their middle childhood years (between 6 and
12 years of age) contributes substantially to the adolescent, and adult they will become.
Middle childhood is a stage where children move into expanding roles and
environments. Children begin to spend more time away from their family and spend
more time in school and other activities. As they experience more of the world around
them, children begin to develop their own identity. Along with developing their own
identity, children will be able to meet with different people in school, and exposed to
different changes in the environment, thus exposing them to possible risks of having
diseases. This is the data gathered where children aged 6-11 years old are more
susceptible to diseases with a percentage of 25%.
Health Implications:
Although in early and middle childhood, children are typically healthy, it is
during this time that children are at risk for conditions such as developmental and
behavioral disorders, child maltreatment, asthma and other chronic conditions, obesity,
dental caries, and unintentional injuries. The keys to understanding early and middle
childhood health are recognizing the important roles these periods play in adult health
and well-being and focusing on conditions and illnesses that can seriously limit
children’s abilities to learn, grow, play, and become healthy adults. Prevention efforts
in early and middle childhood can have lasting benefits. Emerging issues in early and
middle childhood include implementing and evaluating multidisciplinary public health
interventions that address social determinants of health by fostering knowledgeable and
nurturing families, parents, and caregivers, creating supportive and safe environments
in home, schools, and communities, and increasing access to high-quality health care
(office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2020).
5. Civil Status
Table 5. Frequency and percentage age distribution of civil status in Barangay

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Civil Status Frequency Percentage

Married 125 40.72%
Single 171 55.70%
Widowed 5 1.63%
Common Law 6 1.95%
Divorced 0 0%
Total 307 100%
Interpretation:
According to the table above, 125 (40.72%) of the individuals are married, 171
(55.70%) are single, 5 (1.63%) are widowed, and 6 (1.95%) have a civil status of
common law. On the other hand, none have a civil status of divorced.
Analysis:
From the data above, it shows that most of the population in Barangay
Pizzarough have a single civil status (40.72%). This is due to the fact that 37.78% of
the barangay are mostly individuals aging 0-18 years old where they are not yet capable
of marrying. None of the individuals are divorced as divorce is still prohibited in the
country. These households also cannot go outside the country to get divorced when
unhealthy relationships foster as most of them only have a monthly income of 5,001 to
10,000, as presented in Table 12.
Health Implication:
According to DePaulo (2016), single individuals tend to care more about
meaningful work than married people do. They have a greater tendency to develop a
sense of autonomy and experience more personal growth over time than people who
are married. However, since most of the single individuals are from the age bracket of
0-18 years old, it means that they are still dependent on their parents and they need
them for their needs to be provided. They still are not able to develop a sense of
autonomy as they need the guidance of their parents in the decisions they make in life.
Therefore, this indicates the importance of educating the parents in child health. This
helps parents to make better health investments for themselves and their children and
may result in better parenting in general.
Parents have a powerful role in supporting their children’s health and learning.
Engaged parents help guide their children successfully through school, advocate for
their children, and can help shape a healthy school environment. When parents are
engaged in their children’s school activities, their children get better grades, choose
healthier behaviors, and have better social skills. In addition, school health activities
are more successful when parents are involved (CDC, 2022).
On the other hand, as divorce is not yet legal in the Philippines, this increases
the risk of children having traumas and other mental health issues when kept in
unhealthy environments caused by dysfunctional marriages. However, children who
are removed from the most dysfunctional environments are more likely to do better
after the divorce.
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6. Residence
Figure 3. Percentage distribution of type of residence in Barangay Pizzarough as

of April 2022
Interpretation:
Based on the data gathered, 100% of the total population of Barangay
Pizzarough are all residents. None of them are non-residents of the area.
Analysis:
It can be inferred from this figure that all of the households are likely to be
financially stable when compared to those who do not reside in the area. As long as
they own their home, they will not have to be concerned about having to pay a large
mortgage rather than paying rent for something that they will not be able to keep
permanently.
Health Implication:
From the data gathered, being home owners could improve housing quality and,
therefore, health by having the freedom to make structural adjustments to their
dwellings. (Haurin et al., 2002; Chapman, 2013). Home ownership could also impact
psychological health through social comparisons, by providing people with a sense of
physical and emotional security, control over their life and safety (Elsinga et al., 2008),
and social capital through increased participation in church and community
organisations (Homenuck, 1973), neighbourhood and block associations and
socialisation (Rohe and Stegman, 1994; Fischer, 1982), and political activity (Glaeser
and Sacerdote, 2000).
According to Fortune Builders (2018), owning a home represents stability,
financial success, and the opportunity to contribute to the community. The benefits of
ownership, ranging from social to financial, have directly resulted in a steady rise of
homeowners.
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II. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS

The Socio-Economic Factors consists of the Social, Economic, and Environmental
Indicators, as well as the Cultural and Political Profiles.
A. SOCIAL INDICATORS
1. Educational Status
Education enables people to develop a broad range of skills and traits (including
cognitive and problem-solving abilities, learned effectiveness, and personal control)
that predispose them towards improved health outcomes, ultimately contributing to
human capital.
The educational status in the Community Diagnosis refers to the highest grade
or year completed in school, college, or university. Includes the educational status of
the individuals in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur are the following: Post
Graduate, College Graduate, College Level, College Undergraduate, Highschool
Graduate, Highschool Level, Highschool Undergraduate, Elementary Graduate,
Elementary Level, Elementary Undergraduate, Preschool, Non-Formal Education, and
None or Not in School.
The table below presents the Percentage Distribution of Educational Status of
Individuals in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur
Table 6. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Educational Status of

Individuals in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur
Educational Status Frequency Percentage

Post Graduate 0 0%
Tech-Voc 13 4.23%
College Graduate 54 17.59%
College Level 19 6.19%
College Undergraduate 25 8.14%
Highschool Graduate 55 17.92%
Highschool Level 45 14.66%
Highschool Undergraduate 11 3.58%
Elementary Graduate 11 3.58%
Elementary Level 43 14.01%
Elementary Undergraduate 4 1.30%
Preschool 4 1.30%
Non-Formal Education 1 0.33%
None 22 7.17%
TOTAL 307 100%
Interpretation:
The table reveals that most of the residents in Barangay Pizzarough are
Highschool Graduates (17.92%). This is followed by College Graduate (17.59%),
Highschool Level (14.66%), Elementary Level (14.01%), College Undergradauate
(8.14%), None (7.17%), College Level (6.19%), Tech-Voc (4.23%), Highschool
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Undergraduate (3.58%), Elemntary Graduate (3.58%), Elementary Undergraduate

(1.30%), and Preschool (1.30%) respectively. Few had finished non-formal education
(0.33%), while none of the residents is able to finish post graduate studies (0%).
Analysis:
Since most of the population are high school graduates, it can be implied that
most of the residents are not yet knowledgeable in processing health information. As
most of the population are from ages 6-14, higher level of educational attainment of
parents are needed in order for the children to grow healthier and develop to their
maximum potential. However, since the population has relatively low educational
attainment, this means that parents might not be able to guide their children well into
having a healthier lifestyle and environment.
Health Implication:
As increased level of education can give access to more skilled work with
higher earnings and these resources could be used to invest in health and to cushion the
impact of adverse health shocks (Case, Lubotsky and Paxson, 2002). In the presence of
assortative mating, individuals with a higher level of education also marry partners with
higher levels of education, which positively affect family income. Case, Lubotsky and
Paxson (2002) find that parents’ long run income is important for the child’s health.
Furthermore, attending school for a longer time could lead to a change in preferences
by either lowering the discount rate or increasing risk-aversion (Cutler and Lleras-
Muney, 2006). Finally, increased education can increase the opportunity cost of having
children and change fertility choices or delay having children.
According to Raghupathi and Raghupathi (2020), it has been observed that
adults with lower educational attainment suffer from poor health when compared to
other populations. This pattern is attributed to the large health inequalities brought
about by education. A clear understanding of the health benefits of education can
therefore serve as the key to reducing health disparities and improving the well-being
of future populations.
Research has proposed that the relationship between education and health is
attributable to three general classes of mediators: economic; social, psychological, and
interpersonal; and behavioral health. Economic variables such as income and
occupation mediate the relationship between education and health by controlling and
determining access to acute and preventive medical care (Raghupathi & Raghupathi,
2020).
Social, psychological, and interpersonal resources allow people with different
levels of education to access coping resources and strategies, social support, and
problem-solving and cognitive abilities to handle ill-health consequences such as
stress. Healthy behaviors enable educated individuals to recognize symptoms of ill
health in a timely manner and seek appropriate medical help. People who are well
educated experience better health as reflected in the high levels of selfreported health
and low levels of morbidity, mortality, and disability. By extension, low educational
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attainment is associated with self-reported poor health, shorter life expectancy, and
shorter survival when sick.
Education may result in increased attention to preventive care, which, though
beneficial in the long term, raises healthcare costs in the short term. Some studies have
found a positive association between education and some forms of illicit drug and
alcohol use.
With most of the population having highschool graduate as their educational
status, it can be implied that the community may have the basic knowledge about
health, but are still lacking higher levels of knowledge regarding it, thus affecting their
well-being.
2. Real Property (House Ownership)

The figure below presents the Distribution of the House Ownership in Barangay
Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur.
Figure 4. Distribution of house ownership in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos

Sur
Interpretation:
The figure reveals that majority (66.23%) of the houses in the barangay are
owned by the wife and spouse. On the other hand, some (32.47%) of the houses are
owned by the spouse’s relatives, while few (1.3%) are tenanted.
Analysis:
With this, it can be implied that the improvement of health in the barangay is
much easier because of better housing conditions. This is due to the fact that they can
manipulate their environments and improve these like using heavier materials such as
concrete, unlike when their houses are tenanted, and cannot really incorporate the
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changes they want for their family to live on, in order for them to have a safer and
healthier environment to conduct their activities of daily living. As they use
Health Implication:
The data and information above holds true of that with Marmot et al. (2008)
and Shaw (2004), where they presented evidences of detrimental effect of poor housing
conditions (e.g. temperature and humidity) on respiratory health.
As home owners can make structural adjustments to their dwellings, home
ownership could improve housing quality and, therefore, health (Haurin et al.,
2002; Chapman, 2013). Home ownership could also impact psychological health
through social comparisons, by providing people with a sense of physical and
emotional security, control over their life and safety (Elsinga et al., 2008), and social
capital through increased participation in church and community organisations
(Homenuck, 1973), neighbourhood and block associations and socialisation (Rohe and
Stegman, 1994; Fischer, 1982), and political activity (Glaeser and Sacerdote, 2000).
3. Status of Housing
Poor housing conditions are associated with a wide range of health conditions,
including respiratory infections, asthma, lead poisoning, injuries, and mental
health. Addressing housing issues offers public health practitioners an opportunity to
address an important social determinant of health.
The Status of Housing were determined as Light, Medium, or Heavy. Light is
defined as a house that is made of nipa or cogon roof with bamboo or hut wall and earth
or bamboo floor. A house categorized to be medium when composed of mixed light
and heavy materials such as nipa roof, with wooden walls and floor. A house is
categorized as heavy when it is built with galvanized sheets roofing, wood or cement
walls, with wood or cement floor.
The figure presents the percentage distribution of status of housing in Barangay
Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur
Figure 5. Percentage Distribution of status of housing in Barangay Pizzarough,

Bantay, Ilocos Sur
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Interpretation:
The figure reveals that a great majority (81.82%) of the houses in Barangay
Pizzarough are categorized as heavy. Few of the residents have medium houses
(15.58%) and light houses (2.6%).
Analysis:
With this, it can be implied that residents have enough resources to build a home
that promotes health and safety. This is due to the fact that healthy homes built with
heavy materials promote good physical and mental health.
Health Implication:
Good health depends on having homes that are safe and free from physical
hazards. In contrast, poor quality and inadequate housing contributes to health
problems such as chronic diseases and injuries, and can have harmful effects on
childhood development. Poor indoor air quality, lead paint, and other hazards often
coexist in homes, placing children and families at great risk for multiple health
problems (Dekker, Sadegh-Nobari, & Pollack, 2011).
According to Dekker, Sadegh-Nobari, & Pollack (2011), substandard housing
such as water leaks, poor ventilation, dirty carpets and pest infestation can lead to an
increase in mold, mites and other allergens associated with poor health. Temperature
extremes brought by light materials used for housing can affect the health of the
household. Cold indoor conditions have been associated with poorer health, including
an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Extreme low and high temperatures have
been associated with increased mortality, especially among vulnerable populations
such as the elderly.
4. Adequacy of Living Space (Number of Bedrooms)

Every house should have bedrooms set aside for each family member’s privacy.
Ideally, large areas in which the bedrooms should be constructed are also utilized.
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The figure below presents the frequency of number of bedrooms in Barangay,

Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur.
Figure 6. Frequency of number of bedrooms in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay,

Ilocos Sur
Interpretation:
The figure below shows that 31 households have 3 bedrooms, 29 households
have 2 bedrooms, 10 households have 1 bedroom, 3 households have no bedrooms,
another 3 households have 4 bedrooms, and 1 household have 5 bedrooms.
Analysis:
The figure reveals that most of the families had three bedrooms in their houses.
The total population reveals that most households have a size of 4. Therefore, having
three bedrooms for a household with the highest frequency means that most of them
have enough space in their homes.
Health Implication:
Researchers have shown that adequate housing has intimate links to a person’s
physical and mental well-being.
According to Roberts (2021), living space can directly impact mood and
anxiety. With increased clutter or disorganization in a person’s personal living space,
it can feel like there is no safe place to recover from life. Also according to Dunn
(2021), crowded spaces make minds crowded and studies shows that stress affects the
mood and may cause someone to feel anxious and depressed. By keeping the interior
of houses clean and orderly, the house supports emotional well-being and balance.
Therefore, most of the households support emotional well-being and balance.
On the other hand, there are still households in the barangay that do not have
enough space. According to the Executive Summary of the World Health
Organization’s (WHO) Housing and Health, inadequate living space can increase the
risk of trips, falls, injury, isolation, and stress for older people or people with
disabilities.
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Further, it can exacerbate stress. Housing that is too hot or cold or exacerbates
indoor air pollution due to inadequate space can cause respiratory and cardio-metabolic
issues. Crowded housing or housing with a poor water supply can increase the spread
of infectious diseases. The lack of adequate heating and cooling systems in homes can
contribute to respiratory illnesses or even lead to death from extreme
temperatures. Having small living space also affects the performance of children as
they can have trouble studying and concentrating, and won’t compensate for a
fundamental lack of privacy.
5. Utilities (Appliances)
Home appliances are significant items that are utilized in our homes for a range
of daily purposes to save labor and time in the household.
The table below shows the frequency and distribution of appliances owned in
Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur.
Table 7. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Utilities in Barangay

Appliances Frequency Rank

Radio 42 4
Refrigerator 55 3
Electric Fan 73 1
Gas Range 16 7
Television 70 2
Rice Cooker 10 8
Gas Stove 34 5
DVD Player 3 10
Washing Machine 19 6
Microwave 1 11
Air Conditioner 7 9
Speaker 1 11
TOTAL 331
Interpretation:
From the table above, it shows that 73 households own an electric fan, 70
households have televisions, 55 households own a refrigerator, 42 have radios, 34
household have a gas stove, 19 of them have a washing machine, 16 of them have a gas
range, 10 households have a rice cooker, 7 of the households have an air conditioner,
3 households have a DVD player, 11 households have microwave, and 11 households
have speakers.
Analysis:
Most of the households own an electric fan since the Climate of the Philippines
is tropical and maritime. It is characterized by relatively high temperature, high
humidity and abundant rainfall. This is evident in the table as the appliance mostly
owned by the households is electric fan is used to regulate room temperature. Also,
most of the top appliances owned can contribute to gathering health information such
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as television, radio. Despite the dominating and expansive role of the Internet, global
reports on mass media still find television as the most popular source of information
on health. The next appliances are helpful for maintaining a healthy body through food
such as refrigerators, gas stoves and ranges, and microwave ovens. Other appliances
included in the list are washing machine, DVD player, and speaker.
Health Implication:
High temperatures and temperature variations harm health. Human response to
heat is dependent on the body’s ability to cool itself. An important cooling mechanism
is perspiration and its evaporation from the skin and, therefore, because high air
humidity can reduce and eventually prevent net evaporation, the health effects of high
temperatures depend also on relative humidity (or more precisely the dew point
temperature of air).
High outdoor temperature is associated with thermal discomfort and adverse
health outcomes, including higher rates of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and
emergency hospitalizations, across a range of study designs and across geographical
regions. Children, the elderly, and those with psychiatric, cardiovascular and
pulmonary illnesses have a weaker physiological response to heat, and are more
vulnerable to the negative impact of high temperature on health (WHO, 2018).
The information commonly disseminated through appliances are daily updates
and special reports, live-streamed reporting and breaking news coverage about health
issues such as the pandemic. Also included are daily interviews with elected officials
and public-health experts, and regular announcements to educate citizens to stay
healthy. The entertainment that these appliances bring to the households also improve
their emotional and mental health as they are distracted from stressful events.
Refrigerator helps keep the food fresh, including the raw foods, thus preserving
its nutritional value. It also contributes to the safety of food intake since it prevents the
fast growth of bacteria, which can lead to many diseases. Gas stove, gas range,
microwave, and rice cooker are also the appliances used in the households for cooking
food. Cooking food properly is the only way of completely destroying harmful bacteria
as improperly cooked food can give people food poisoning. In addition to this, it
provides opportunity to create well-balanced meals that include protein, carbohydrate,
and fat, as well as essential vitamins and minerals required by the body.
Lastly the appliances such as DVD players and speakers also have an impact in
the health of the community. Research has shown that listening to music can reduce
anxiety, blood pressure, and pain as well as improve sleep quality, mood, mental
alertness, and memory.
B. ECONOMIC INDICATORS
1. Communication Network
Nowadays, mobile phones or smartphones can now be considered as one of the
necessities of a household. Families used it to facilitate fast communication, to keep in
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touch with a family member, conduct family activities, and provides easier access in
case of emergency events.
The table below shows the available communication network per household in
Barangay Pizzarough that includes available internet connection and internet
connection status.
Table 8. Communication network in every household in Barangay Pizzarough,

Vigan City Ilocos Sur
Communication Network Frequency Percentage

Owned Phone 77 100%
None 0 0%
TOTAL 77 100%
Table 9. Internet connectivity in every household in Barangay Pizzarough, Vigan

City Ilocos Sur
Internet Connectivity Frequency Percentage

Wifi connection 34 44.16%
Mobile data 43 55.84%
No Connection 0 0
TOTAL 77 100%
Table 10. Internet Connection Status in Every Household in Barangay

Pizzarough, Vigan City Ilocos Sur
Internet Connection Frequency Percentage

Status
Fast 27 35.07%
Moderately fast 14 18.18%
Slow 21 27.27%
Moderately slow 15 19.48%
No Connection 0 0
TOTAL 77 100%
Interpretation:
According on the data gathered, 100% in the population of Barangay
Pizzarough has own mobile phones or smartphones, in which, the most common device
being used are Oppo, Samsung, and Vivo. However, on the other hand, out of 77
households, there are only 34 family that has Wi-Fi connectivity and mobile data is
used by the remaining 43 families. This makes up some of the population of which it
is occupied by 44.16% in total. This consists of 14 PLDT DSL Plan users, 11 Converge
users, and 9 Globe at Home Prepaid Wi-fi users. The last table shows the internet
connection status in the location of the family. 35.07% of the household population has
fast internet connection, 18.18% has moderately fast connection, 27.27% has slow
connection, and 19.48% has moderately slow connection.
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Analysis:
This indicates that although all families have their own mobile phones or
smartphones, not all of them have a Wifi connection available and fast internet
connection as majority of the population has lower monthly salary, so, the family has
lower chance to avail faster internet connection. However, this does not affect their
ability to communicate with a family member, deliver information, and use it whenever
an emergency occurs in the family as they use SMS instead of using internet generated
calls and text messages.
Health Implication:
Nonetheless, over usage of mobile phones or smart phones causes various
health problems such as pain and discomfort due to overviewing the digital screen for
over 2 hours, eyes begin to burn and itch, blurred vision, headaches, eye fatigue and
many more. This implies that each household should have limitation on using mobile
phones in order to prevent these health conditions that may occur. As an over usage of
these mobile phones may damage their healthy lifestyle.
2. Employment Status
The employment status of the population needs to be assess as this will be used
in evaluating the financial capabilities of each household.
The table below shows the total population of each individual on the community
who are professional, skilled workers, non-skilled workers, unemployed, retired, and
none.
Table 11. Frequency and percentage distribution of employment status of

individuals in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur
Employment Status Frequency Percentage

Professional 13 4.23%
Skilled Workers 57 18.56%
Non-Skilled Workers 36 11.72%
Unemployed 58 18.89%
Retired 3 1%
None 140 45.60%
TOTAL 307 100%
Interpretation:
Based on the gathered data, most of the population has no occupation, it consists
of 140 students that makes up 45.60% in the population who are still studying, and
thus, this part is not yet applicable to them so it is labeled as "none".
On the other hand, skilled workers make up 18.56% and the unemployed make
up 18.89% of the population, of which 57 individuals are skilled workers like farmer,
the most common work of the community, and the second one, laborer. Engineers are
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also labeled as skilled workers, of which three individuals belong here. While 58 in the
population are unemployed consisting of housewives.
Then, it is followed by non-skilled workers who occupy 11.72% of the
population, it consists of 14 drivers, the most common source of employment in this
category, and then 10 vendor.
While individuals with professional employment status in the community
makes up 4.23% in the population this includes a police, accountant, medtech, and
government employees.
Lastly, the 1% in the population are retired government employee, US army,
and a government official.
Analysis:
The data implies that having no job is the highest among the employment status
of the population which are students. This justifies the study of DepEd last 2021 which
they recorded 27,232,095 enrollees for school year 2021-2022, up by almost four
percent from year 2020 that has 26.2 million despite the pandemic (Philippine News
Agency, 2021).
Health Implication:
Due to this, financial status of the household will be slightly affected due to the
needs of the students in their education, however, it is also an advantage because in the
next few years when they graduate the percentage of those who will have a job will
grow. As based on PSA, despite the slight dip in the employment rate, the number of
employed persons in the country increased by 797,000 in December 2021 which is
estimated at 46.27 million from 45.48 million in November 2021 (Inquirer. net, 2022).
Thus, having a stable and decent job, of any kind, is one of the most important
needs of a household so as to fulfill their daily needs. This will also ensure their future
and reduce the risk of financial problems.
3. Monthly Income
Table 12. Percentage distribution showing the monthly income of households in
Barangay Pizzarough as of April 2022
Monthly income Frequency Percentage

Below 5000 12 15.58%
5,001-10,000 36 46.75%
10,001-20,000 16 20.78%
20,001-30,000 9 11.69%
30,001 and above 4 5.19%
TOTAL 77 100%
Figure 7. Percentage distribution showing the monthly income of households in

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Interpretation:
The table shows that 46.8% of the total household has a monthly income of
5,001-10,000, followed by 20.8% has a monthly income ranging from 10,001-20,000,
15.6% is coming from monthly income of below 5,000, while the 11.7% is within the
range of 20,001-30,000 monthly income and 5.2% of the total household has a monthly
income of 30,001 and above.
Analysis:
This data concludes that most of the household in Barangay Pizzarough has a
below average monthly income which has a negative effect to each family. The highest
percentage of monthly income is in the range of 5,001-10,000 and the lowest range of
monthly income is 30,001 and above. Low source of income may lead to lack of basic
needs of the family.
Health Implication:
People with low incomes often suffer from poor health as a result of their
inability to afford adequate housing, food, or child care. It can increase chance of
worsening health problems. Low-income persons use less preventive care services
because they are more likely to be unable to pay it. Practitioners have less opportunity
to assess and inform these patients about their health risks which can have an impact
on their health and prolong treatment.
4. Food Production
Table 13. Frequency of food production in every household in Barangay
Pizzarough as of April 2022.
Activities Family Use For Selling

Piggery 2 9
Poultry 27 6
Vegetable Garden 22 5
Fruit Trees 14 1
Fishery 5 2
None 0 22
Baka 0 1
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Goatery 0 1
Carabao 0 1
TOTAL 70 48
Interpretation:
The data shows that households that have piggery are 2 which is use by the
family and 9 that is for selling. Those who have poultry are 27 that is for family use
and some have 6 for selling purposes. Those who have vegetable garden are 22 that is
for family use and 5 for selling purposes. Those who have fruit trees are 14 that is for
family use and 1 for selling purpose. Fishery has 5 for family use and 2 for selling
purposes. There are also who answered 22 none for family use and selling. The baka,
goatery and karabao is for selling purposes. Their capacity of food production for
family use is greater than for selling. There are also few households who does not have
the capacity to produce food within their household; thus, in the barangay, there is a lot
of resources that can be used in sufficing the needs of the family and for financial
income however, there are also residence who have none.
Analysis:
Due to the obvious rising cost of food, residents in Barangay Pizzarough have
their own vegetable garden, and they simply go to their gardens and pick up veggies
that they can eat, according to the information acquired. They gain greatly from having
their own food production because it is always available. They can get it without
spending any money, allowing them to save money as well. Raising your own food can
help you cut down on your dependency on environmentally harmful transportation.
Furthermore, growing your own food eliminates the use of harmful chemicals and
pesticides.
Health Implication:
It's possible that having your own garden, pigs, fishing, and fruit trees will
improve your health. Eating more of these necessities is one of the most important
things you can do to improve your health. Vitamin content is at its highest when you
select vegetables from your garden. Also, because you know exactly what you're
eating, you're less likely to eat vegetables that contain hazardous chemicals.
Additionally, involving children in the growing process increases the likelihood
that they will try the vegetables.
5. Transportation System
Table 14. Frequency and percentage distribution showing the transportation in
Barangay Pizzarough as of April, 2022
Mode Of Transportation Frequency Percentage

Tricycle 32 41.55%
Motorcycle 15 19.48%
Owned Car 18 23.37%
Walking by Foot 12 15.58%
TOTAL 77 100%
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Figure 8. Percentage distribution showing the transportation in Barangay

Pizzarough as of April, 2022
Interpretation:
Out of the 77 households 41.6 % are using tricycle as their mode of
transportation, 23.4% are using their owned car, 19.5% are using their own
motorcycle and 15.6% are walking by foot as their mode of transportation.
Analysis:
This data concludes that most of the Barangay Pizzarough have their own
mode of transportation however least of them are walking by foot. Although, the
important thing for them is to reach their destinations safely.
Health Implication:
Public transportation contributes to a healthier environment by improving air
quality and reducing oil consumption, and through better land-use policies. It also helps
to expand business development and work opportunities. And, it is critical for
emergency situations requiring safe and efficient evacuation. Somehow, 15.6% of the
community walking by foot as a means of transportation, it will reduce air pollution,
which can lead to lower rates of cancer and asthma.
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C. ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS
1. Physical and Geographical Characteristics

a. Areas that Contribute to Vector Problems
Vectors are organisms such as flies, ticks, mosquitoes, fleas, and lice that
transmit infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses from one another. Many of
these live in environmental reservoirs such as canals, unsanitary pigpens, and
poultry where they thrive and multiply in number.
Table 15. The Frequency of areas that contribute to vector problems in

Barangay Pizzarough
Areas that Contribute To Vector Problems Frequency

Basura 44
Kanal 11
Fishpond 6
Piggery 7
Waig 9
Based on the table presented, there are five vector sites in Barangay
Pizzarough specifically basura, kanal, fishpond, piggery, and waig. These sites
pose a threat to the health of the whole community since it harbors microorganisms
that cause vector-borne diseases.
The most common vector problem in the barangay is basura or waste with
a frequency of 44 since they do not practice waste segregation. This implies that
there is improper waste disposal in the community which can harm their health and
can be a breeding site for vectors thus allowing cross contamination.
Moreover, areas like kanal and piggery have a frequency of 11 and 7
respectively, since these areas emit bad odor which may cause respiratory problems
and pollution. On the other hand, waig and fishpond have a frequency of 9 and 6.
It may become a breeding site of harmful vectors of disease if it is not regularly
cleaned which increases the risk of community in acquiring vector-borne diseases.
b. Land Use
In terms of land use, Barangay Pizzarough has few landmarks, which make
it distinct and easily traceable on the map, such as the barangay hall, chapel, school,
and barangay health center. Apart from that, there are also a multitude of businesses
that are bound in the said place such as sari-sari stores, computer shops,
dormitories, wet-market, water refilling station and restaurants. If commercial
establishments continue to increase in the barangay, will definitely escalate the
economy and give the people a source of livelihood. Hence, it will downgrade the
incidence of poverty and unemployment. With this, families will no longer suffer
from financial burdens that hinder them from affording quality healthcare.
Furthermore, the accumulated taxes from these establishments will give
additional income to the barangay that can be useful in allocating funds for
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healthcare provision. Thus, this will widen the range of medical services that they
will render to the people. Indeed, Barangay Pizzarough is becoming a successful
barangay because of the growing number of businesses in the said area.
c. Climate/Season
Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur is situated in the north side of the
Philippine archipelago. The town is bordered on the south by Vigan City, on the
east portion by Langiden, Abra and on the west by Sta. Catalina. The barangay can
be found along the western area of McArthur highway going to Laoag. The climate
of the barangay is generally dry and wet, where the dry months start from October
to May, whereas the wet months last from June to September.
.
2. Water Supply
There are different sources such as NAWASA, deep wells, mineral water, protected
or unprotected springs where every household gets its water supply. It is helpful in their
everyday living since it is used for drinking, cooking, washing, and other domestic
needs.
The following are the list of water sources at Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos
Sur:
Table 16. Sources of water in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur as of

April 2022
Water Sources Definition

It is a chlorinated water supply originating from
NAWASA
groundwater reservoirs, rivers, lakes, or dams.
Water Pump It is used to extract water from a deep well.
It is used to extract water, crude oil or other natural
Deep Well
resources.
It is a hole which has been dug, bored, driven or drilled
Shallow Dug Well
into the ground for the purpose of extracting water.
Protected Spring It is a pure water supply from natural springs
It is a water supply that's made from a borehole that can
Unprotected Spring
provide clean safe water.
Water occurring in nature which is filtered and often
Mineral Water
bottled and sold as drinking water.
Table 17. Frequency of water supply utilized in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay,

Ilocos Sur
Water Supply Frequency

NAWASA 24
Water Pump 7
Deep Well 6
Shallow Dug Well 1
Protected Spring 1
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Mineral Water 41
Interpretation:
Based on the table presented, the most common water source of Barangay
Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur is mineral water, with forty-one (41) responses since there
is already a water refilling station in the said place. Different households in the said
barangay prefer to get their water supply there because it is thoroughly clean since the
water underwent filtration. There were twenty-four (24) households who answered
NAWASA as their water source because it is already connected to their pipes at home.
Seven (7) households answered water pumps because this has been their water supply
since their house was built, and the water did not still run out. Six (6) households
responded deep well, and these are prone in drinking contaminated water, especially
when their water is not boiled. Moreover, one (1) house hold answered shallow dug well
because it is their first water source since the day their house was made. One (1)
household answered protected spring because it is near their house.
Analysis:
Many Filipinos find it very convenient because there is a mineral water delivery
service that can supply the household with mineral water by delivering to their homes.
This not only saves time and money. Rather than purchasing another gallon of water for
the dispenser, the family can call the water supplier and have a refilled container
delivered to their door. While, none of the total household gets their water from protected
or unprotected springs because they are too far away and rely on water service delivery
within their municipality.
Health Implication:
Drinking water straight from the tap is no longer recommended due to the
presence of contaminants that can cause health problems. As a result, bottled water has
become an essential item for many Filipinos to stay safe and hydrated. With all of the
processes used to filter out toxins, bottled water is the safest type of water to drink.
Mineral water is an essential component of nutrition and is required for all cellular
functions. Actually, drinking mineral water allows the body to absorb beneficial minerals
much faster and more easily than it can from food. Drinking mineral water in the long
run can help to avoid several mineral deficiencies that are commonly caused by drinking
demineralized water. People who drink demineralized water may develop cancer at some
point in their lives. Toxin production increases in an acidic environment, increasing the
risk of cancer.
3. Drinking Water
In Nightingale's Environmental Theory, she emphasized the indispensability of
having pure water since it improves people's health status. In 2020, at least half or 47.46
percent of the Philippines’ population had access to safely managed drinking water.
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Figure 9. Frequency of practices in drinking directly from the water source of

Figure 10. Frequency and distribution of water treatment as utilized by Barangay

Interpretation:
The figure shows that seventy-two (72) households, or 94%, are drinking water
directly from the water source since their water source is coming from a water refilling
station, and this does not need to process to make it drinkable. Moreover, five (5)
households or 6%, answered that they don't directly drink water from their water source,
but their water undergoes water treatment.
The figure shows that from the five (5) households who answered NO, one (1)
or 20% chlorinates the water before drinking to destroy microorganisms. However, four
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(4) households or 80%, preferred to boil their water to kill bacteria and viruses before
drinking their water.
Analysis:
People have been boiling drinking water as a means of purification for
centuries. These days, we have multiple treatments and purification processes to kill
contaminants in tap water, yet, boiling water is still relevant. Most people associate
boiling water with emergency contamination situations. Chlorination is the process of
adding chlorine to drinking water to kill parasites, bacteria, and viruses. Different
processes can be used to achieve safe levels of chlorine in drinking water.
Health Implication:
Boiling can be used as a pathogen reduction method that should kill all
pathogens. A boil water response is NOT appropriate when chemical contamination is
present. This may increase exposure to chemicals such as nitrates and solvents by
concentration in the boiled water or by volatilization into the breathing zone. Boiling
water is also NOT appropriate to address gross levels of contamination. Using or drinking
water with small amounts of chlorine does not cause harmful health effects and provides
protection against waterborne disease outbreaks.
4. Waste Segregation
The Republic Act (RA) 9003, otherwise known as the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000, makes segregation mandatory in every household. In every
household in Barangay Pizzarough was evaluated by determining the percentage and
frequency distribution of households that practice and don’t practice waste segregation.
The graph below presents the utilization of waste in the community:
Figure 11. Frequency and percentage distribution of waste segregation of Barangay

Pizzarough
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Interpretation:
Based on the figure presented, there were 28 households or 36% who answered
YES in practicing waste segregation in their homes since they use the recyclable
materials they gather. Aside from that, it also prevents the risk of polluting the garbage
disposal site. On the other hand, 49 households, or 64%, answered NO because they lack
knowledge and time to execute it. Aside from that, the barangay does not monitor the
community’s compliance in the practice of waste segregation.
Analysis:
Segregation at the source is the key in solid waste management, especially when
we have limited economical resources. We divide solid waste into three categories Wet,
Dry and hazardous waste. According to solid waste management rule, 2016 it is
responsibility of generators to segregate waste into these three categories. Lack of
awareness, loosely implementation of laws and various other reasons are obstacles in
achieving appropriate results.
Waste segregation is essential to make the environment or our living places
pollution-free and clean. Because this process will be beneficial for recycling the
maximum produced waste due to the collection of similar materials together, making it
easier to recycle or reuse. Waste segregation reduces waste to a large extent which will
occupy the space of landfills & all these spaces communities use for social purposes. It
is also suitable for families and their kids to spend time without any fear of getting sick.
Waste is a cause of many human health and environmental problems. It is seen that in
the areas where a lot of garbage is present, nearby people often get sick. And if it goes
likewise, then the planet will worsen, and the end will come soon. However, in the areas
that follow the waste segregation process, their rare people get indisposed.
5. Garbage Disposal
A garbage disposal unit is a device, usually electrically powered, installed under
a kitchen sink between the sink's drain and the trap. Every household differs on how they
dispose of their garbage, as it is influenced by the resources available and the
environment in which they live. The proper management of waste contributes much in
and conserving the environment.
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Table 18. Methods of garbage disposal in barangay izzarough
Methods Definition
It is a mixture of ingredients used to fertilize and
improve the soil. It is commonly prepared by
Composting
decomposing plant and food waste and recycling organic
materials.
Burning It is the process of combusting waste materials.
Burying It is the process of buryig waste materials in the ground.
Riverside Dumping This involves dumping of wastes in any body of water.
Open Dumping It is the process of dumping solid wastes.
It is the collection and removal of waste that cannot be
Garbage Collection
recycled or reused.
Table 19. Distribution and frequencyof ways of garbage disposal as utilized by

Ways of Garbage Disposal Frequency

Composting 20
Burning 54
Burying 7
Riverside Dumping 7
Open Dumping 1
Garbage Collection 20
Interpretation:
The table presented, the most common garbage disposal method in Barangay
Pizzarough, Ilocos Sur is burning with fifty-four (54) responses. Most of them answered
this garbage disposal system since it is the easiest way to remove garbage in their area.
People in the community are not entirely aware on its environmental impact. This violates
Republic Act No. 8749, otherwise known as the “Philippine Clean Air Act”, is a
comprehensive air quality management policy and program which aims to achieve and
maintain healthy air for all Filipinos. Moreover, twenty (20) household responded
composting since it gives several benefits. Twenty (20) households answered garbage
collection because most of their garbage are not recyclable. The table presented that seven
(7) household preferred burying since they believe that their waste can be regulated as a
landfill. Seven (7) households answered riverside dumping since their area is near the river
and garbage collectors cannot reach them. There is one (1) household who answered open
dumping since they are at the dead end of their sitio.
Analysis:
The related issued on the project is the worldwide problem in the pollution in air
and land. In where the problems in air pollution are burning of trashes that can results
in releasing too much greenhouse gases in the air that can easily destroy the layers of the
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atmosphere, second is the problem in land pollution if we don’t have a healthy soil that
can be used for planting plants or trees due to the chemicals that already killed the
fertility of the soil due to the harmful chemicals that comes from the garbage’s the world
will suffer from lacking of filtered soil.
Residential open burning occurs mostly due to its convenience and poor collection,
making it especially hazardous in low income. Large, visible clouds of black smoke
accompany these landfill/dumpsite fires, and the fires generally burn very slowly,
lasting over substantial periods of time and allowing the quantity and concentration
of pollutants to build up. The waste is frequently spread out over large areas
rather than at point sources, a factor that creates an even greater. Raising knowledge about
the harmful health effects of waste burning, as well as building capacity for local waste
management to collect waste and avoid landfill gas buildups that spontaneously ignite, is
important to its elimination.
6. Type of Toilet
Toilets are crucial for the healthy development of people, not to mention children.
A flush toilet is a toilet that is cleaned of waste by the flow of water through it. A water
sealed toilet is like a regular flush toilet except that instead of the water coming from the
cistern above, it is poured in by the user. The graph below shows the Frequency
Distribution of the Type of Toilet Facilities used in the community.
Figure 12. Percentage of toilet type in Barangay Pizzarough as of April 2022
Interpretation:
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Based on the given data above, most houses have a flush toilet, consisting of
forty-one (41) households (53%), followed by thirty-five (35) households (45%) that use
water-sealed type of toilet, and one (1) household (1%) that use antipolo type of toilet.
Aside from that, there was no recorded data on other types of toilet facilities in Barangay
Pizzarough. Barangay Pizzarough has a higher number who are using flush-type toilet than
water-sealed and antipolo type. Meaning, most households have the money to upgrade the
type of their toilet. People prefer to utilize this kind of toilet because it is easier to use.
Analysis:
Safe disposal does not contaminate the environment, water, food or hands, is
essential for ensuring a healthy environment and for protecting personal health. Regardless
of method, the safe disposal of human feces is one of the principal ways of breaking the
fecal–oral disease transmission cycle. Sanitation is therefore a critical barrier to disease
transmission.
Health Implication:
Sanitation is another important aspect. Many of the common diseases mentioned

earlier, such as roundworms spread through the feces of infected people. By ensuring that
people do not defecate in the open, we can completely eliminate such diseases and even
more severe ones such as the one caused by E. Coli. The advancement in biology has given
us answers to many questions, we are now able to identify the pathogen and treat an ailment
accordingly. Waste from ill persons can contaminate a community's soil and water without
sufficient sanitation facilities, resulting in avoidable sickness and death. There are
numerous types of toilets, and none of them are appropriate for every community or home.
Consider the following factors while determining what type of toilet to construct.
7. Toilet Condition
Toilet Condition determines the cleanliness of a toilet facility. The toilet condition
is either defined as sanitary or unsanitary.
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Figure 13. Percentage of toilet condition in Barangay Florence as of April 2021
Interpretation:
Data shows that seventy-six (76) household (99%) of the households have a
sanitary toilet and one (1) household (1%) of the household have an unsanitary toilet. Since
cleaning and sanitizing toilets remove germs and other pathogens from the area, you
will reduce the transmission of some rather unpleasant diseases. Even though the families
have different toilet methods the community still practices in keeping their toilet sanitized.
Analysis:
In Barangay Pizzarough, majority of their toilet condition is sanitary while one of
the households is unsanitary. The disadvantage is that if the community does not have
adequate water, the household may find it difficult to enhance their sanitation.
Health Implication:
According to World Health Organization in their Sanitation (2019), poor sanitation
is linked to transmission of cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, and polio and
exacerbates stunting. Poor sanitation reduces human well-being, social and economic
development due to impacts such as anxiety, risk of sexual assault, and lost educational
opportunities. Inadequate sanitation is estimated to cause 432 000 diarrheal deaths annually
and is a major factor in several neglected tropical diseases, including intestinal worms,
schistosomiasis, and trachoma. Poor sanitation also contributes to malnutrition
8. Types of Drainage
On the five essential components of environmental health created by Nightingale,
she entailed effective drainage as a factor to prevent contamination in the surroundings
through appropriate handling of body wastes and maintaining a clean sewerage system. A
drainage system is a structure or network of structures designed to remove water from an
area. Drainage systems are usually made up of pipes, tunnels, trenches, and chambers.
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Figure 14. Frequency of drainage type utilized by Barangay Florence as of April 2022
Interpretation:
The figure shows that sixty-six (66) or 86% have open drainage since they are not
financially capable of reconstructing their drainage systems. On the other hand, eleven (11)
or 14% have blind drainage system since they are aware that it can harbor vectors to grow
in that area.
Analysis:
This can harm the community health and environment, If the open drains are left
unchecked, they become a health hazard to the neighboring population as they become a
breeding ground for disease-causing parasites and other microorganisms. While some
households use close drainage and this reduces the health risk of the community.
Health Implication:
Flooding of low-lying locations will occur if a sufficient drainage system is not in
place, causing property damage and health dangers. A good drainage system eliminates all
excess water without producing design issues. Furthermore, because they are open, any
extra water might cause flooding. The only benefit of adopting open drains is the ease with
which they may be constructed and maintained because they are easily accessible.
9. Presence of Domestic Animals

Interacting with animals has been shown to decrease levels of cortisol (a stress-
related hormone) and lower blood pressure. Other studies have found that animals
can reduce loneliness, increase feelings of social support, and boost your mood. The figure
below will show how many percent of the total population have dog, cat, or having none
at all.
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Figure 15. Presence of domestic animals in every household surveyed in Barangay

Florence as of April 2021
Interpretation:
The figure shows that 42% out of the total population has dog as their domestic animal,
there are also 19% who have chicken, 19% who have goat, there are 9% who have duck, there are
also 5% of the total population who have cat, 4% who have cow, 3% who have bird, 2% who have
carabao, there are 3% of the population who have pig, 1% who have sheep, and there are 8% who
doesn’t own any domestic animal. It reveals that majority of the households have dogs while only
few of them owned different animals and some do not own any.
Analysis:
In domestic animals, tolerance is genetically determined. The data acquired in Barangay
Pizzarough, stray animals roam the barangay, these animals like to constantly mess up areas and
themselves, which could lead to accidents if they run on the road, injuring other people. Because
they believed their pets were tamed and couldn't harm anyone, some pet owners let their dogs or
cats go free. Some of the animals are locked up into their cages, or they were chained to avoid
causing accidents into the barangay.
Health Implication:
This shows that most of the residence are at risk for injuries due to animal misbehavior
leading to medical conflicts like acquiring rabies, asthma and even allergy to the fur of the animals.
There are also possibilities for tick infestation for having a lot of domestic animals in the
community. Diseases of domestic animals not only affect animal production and animal trade but
can, in some cases, be transmitted and cause diseases in humans. The H5N1 subtype of avian
influenza is an example of a zoonosis with documented fatal outcomes that constitutes a serious
pandemic threat. Reduced cohabitation with animals, animal feces scoops, and other treatments
limiting animal mobility, creating secure areas for children, improving veterinarian care, and
sanitation promotion have all been tested in a few studies.
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D. CULTURAL PROFILE
1. Religion
Any institution of an individual to express one’s belief in the existence of a
divine power. A religion is the foundation of one’s spiritual aspect which strengthen
one’s emotional and physical health. Religion provides life meaning and purpose,
strengthens social unity and stability, acts as a social control agent, promotes
psychological and physical well-being, and may drive individuals to work for
constructive social change. Influence of religion, including formal religious affiliation
and service attendance, can be associated with better health habits, such as lower
smoking rates and reduced alcohol consumption. It affects perceptions of health, illness
and death, beliefs about causes of disease, approaches to health promotion, how illness
and pain are experienced and expressed, where patients seek help, and the types of
treatment patients prefer.
The pie chart below presents the different religions that are practiced by the
individuals in the community.
Figure 16. Percentage of practiced religion in Barangay Florence as of April 2022
Interpretation:
Based on the survey in Barangay Pizzarrough with regards to the religion of
each individual, the Roman Catholic religion has the largest number, which counts 250
individuals with a percentage of 81.4%. This datum is followed by the religion
Protestant with a number of 15 individuals or 4.9% of the population, 11 are ISFA
member and it has a percentage of 3.6%, followed by Methodist with a 10 people and
has a 3.3%, next is INC with 2.3% and 7 people, same as through with Born Again 2%
with 6 people,ICFC 1.3% and 4 people together with Baptist 1% with 3 people. The
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smallest number of people are muslim with only 1 person with 0.3% of percentage
rating.
Majority of the population belongs to Roman Catholic. This is predominantly
because of the influence of the Spaniards who invaded the Philippines in the 17th
Century, which conquered the country for 333 years. This implies that the cultures and
values of the Spaniards have already been adopted by the Filipinos. Since majority of
the population is Catholic, majority of them practices the same beliefs and traditions,
and the way they engage in activities held in the community are almost the same and
connected to Catholic belief. The Catholic religion does not have many restrictions
when it comes to diet and cultures which makes them more prone to risks of having
any kinds of diseases. The advantages of having a Catholic Religion is the free will not
restrict the physical and social pleasures of anyone who belongs to that religion.
Though this does not affect much of the health of a person, it can affect the health of
those who are in risk of any diseases like hypertension. It is proven that cholesterol
heightens and triggers the decline of the health of a person at risk of hypertension.
There are also health promotion programs that deal a lot with religion such as Family
Planning especially the artificial kind of family planning. Even if they want to perform
tubal ligation, they are not allowed to do so because it is against the religion.
2. Cultural Affiliation
Cultural Affiliations define a relationship of shared group identity between a
contemporary group, tribe, band, or clan and a recognized older group that can be
properly traced historically.
The pie chart below shows the cultural affiliations of each individual in the
community.
Figure 17. Percentage of Cultural Affiliations in Barangay Pizarrough, Bantay,

Ilocos Sur as of April 2022
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Interpretation:
All 307 individuals of Brgy. Pizzarrough are Ilocanos. Barangay Pizzarrough is

located in Ilocos Sur. A Province in Region I where majority of ancestors belong to the
Ilocano ethnic group. Regarding to the two ethnic groups, sometimes the reason for it
is because of opportunity where they try their chances here in the province hoping that
they would find what they are searching for.
3. Dialect Spoken at Home

More than 170 languages and dialects are spoken in the country, almost all of
them belonging to the Borneo-Philippines group of Malayo-Polynesian language
branch of the Austronesian language family. According to the 1987 Constitution,
Filipino and English are both the official languages. Many Filipinos understand, write
and speak English, Filipino and their respective regional languages. Dialects are
regional varieties of the language that is distinguishable from others by its vocabulary,
grammar, and pronunciation.
The pie chart below presents the different dialects used at home in the
community.
Figure 18. Frequency Distribution of dialect spoken at home in Barangay

Pizarrough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur.
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Interpretation:
Since all individuals of Brgy. Pizzarrough are Ilocanos they are speaking in
Iloko. It is just natural that the majority of dialect spoken is Iloko. However, there are
5 individuals and a percentage of 6% speaking in Tagalog.
4. Cultural Beliefs and Practices

Cultural Beliefs are Practices usually affect the family’s preferences, as well as
their health. The following are the different aspects determined when it comes to these.
a. Choice of Food for the Family

The family’s choice of food are determined based on their availability, raw
food, meat, beliefs, or it may even be described as a unhealthy foods or a nutritious
one.
The pie chart below presents the different choices of food for each family
in the community.
Figure 19. Frequency Distribution of the Beliefs and Practices on Choices of

Food in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur
Interpretation:
Majority of families want Nutritious Foods who garnered a number of 46.
There are 21 who has no food choice for their family. A number of 15 for
availability. Meat got a number of 11. Raw foods, unhealthy foods, and beliefs got
the same number of 3 making them as the lowest with only 2.9%.
Many individuals seek nutritious foods, but we can't blame others who don't
and choose to consume street food. We can easily observe the division of Barangay
Pizzarough when it comes to the current situation of their life in this chart. Some
are unable to select, unwilling to choose, and unable to choose. It makes Barangay
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Pizzarrough a great barangay despite its flaws. With such a large number of people
consuming nutritious foods, they may unknowingly influence others to do the same,
resulting in some people switching from unhealthy to healthy habits.
b. Pregnancy and Birth

The means of health practices during pregnancy and childbirth are
determined through the beliefs, hospitalization/checkup, suppliments,
breastfeeding, bed rest, and nutritious foods.
The pie chart below presents the practices on pregnancy and birth in the
community.
Figure 20. Frequency Distribution of Beliefs and Practices on Pregnancy and

Birth in Barangay Pizarrough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur
Interpretation:
Many are those still following the Superstitious Beliefs with 64 of them.
Their preference also is Nutritious Foods with 22. 10 of them want Suppliments. A
number of 6 who has none,Breastfeeding and Bed Rest gathered a number of 2.
Lastly, Hospitalization/Checkup as the last with only 1.
Because the mass of the households of Barangay Pizzarrough are Ilocanos
they are known for their fascination in superstitions.When the survey indicated a
large number on it, it is not surprising that people feel compelled to follow all of
them, which is part of their culture. It doesn't necessarily imply that they are losing
faith in doctors, but it does imply that if such beliefs succeeded in previous
generations, and because superstitious ideas are affected by our forefathers, they
have no reason to distrust them now.
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c. Care of Sick
Practices on caring of the sick are determined through superstitious beliefs,
use of medicine, homecare/self-medication, nutritious food, or through hospital
care/checkup.
The pie chart below presents the different practices per household when it
comes to care of the sick.
Figure 21. Frequency Distribution of Beliefs and Practices on Care of the Sick
in Barangay Pizarrough,Bantay, Ilocos Sur
Interpretation:
A huge number of people in Barangay Pizzarrough prefer to just stay at
home and Self-medicate with 42 of them.Supertitious belief with 36, hospital
care/checkup with 17, medicine with 9 and nutritious food with 8, and 2 none.
Despite garnering the largest number in Pregnancy and Birth, Superstitious Beliefs
are more commonly followed in caring for the sick.
Self-medication is the most popular since it is the most convenient and
inexpensive. Self-medication can refer to a variety of things. It might indicate that
socioeconomic considerations play a significant role in certain people's decision-
making, or it could indicate that the majority of diseases experienced are not life-
threatening. This statistic might indicate that if people don't have their regular
checkups, they may ignore "minor" ailments, which could signify a variety of
things, not to mention that some illnesses may be contagious.
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d. Child Feeding
Child Feeding Practices are determined according to beliefs, family/child
preferences, breastfeeding, unhealthy foods and nutritious food. Moreover, child
feeding also depends whether the child is breastfed or bottle-fed.
The pie chart below presents the Child feeding practices in the community.
Figure 22. Frequency Distribution of Beliefs and Practices on Child Feeding

in Barangay Pizarrough,Bantay,Ilocos Sur
Interpretation:
In child feeding, majority of the families select beliefs which gathered 31.
Nutritious food gathered 27. None gathered 17. 9 of them chose family/child
preferences.Unhealthy foods gathered 2. And lastly, 1 of them is breastfeeding.
Due to the complexity of today's society, both traditional and contemporary
methods have collided to form a new foundation of traditional practices, which
consists of a combination of traditional Filipino rituals and the impact of other
cultures, as well as present day practices. Philippine superstitions and beliefs have
spread throughout the country's numerous regions and provinces. These beliefs
have the ability to explain occurrences or to fear people, and they have played an
important part in people's lives. Beliefs are the result of societal acceptance of a
mental conviction. However, certain ideas are so compelling that they persuade a
large number of people, particularly in rural areas.
Residents of Brgy. Pizzarrough still have this belief in albularyo/hilot.
Preference was for the traditional healers than doctors because they feel more
comfortable and the services are free of charge or on voluntary donations. In rural
areas, as a tradition and due to economic constraints, the albularyos are considered
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the health practitioners who are the primary dispensers of health care services
(Dobbins, 2001).
Good nutrition is essential for survival, physical growth, mental
development, health and wellbeing thus it is the cornerstone of a baby’s growth and
development (Kozier, 2004). The baby should receive adequate nutrition. Choosing
how and what to feed the baby is a decision that deserves careful and thorough
consideration of the facts.
Breastfeeding offers many benefits to the baby and this is evident with the
positive responses of the mothers that they strongly believe as essential to baby’s
health which implies that the respondents are knowledgeable of the benefits of it.
Breastmilk is regarded as the most complete natural food for the infant during the
first six months of life. This was revealed in a study conducted by the Food and
Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Science and Technology that breast
milk provides all the nutrients, vitamins and minerals that an infant needs for
growth.
e. Foods Dislikes of the Family

The food dislikes are determined according to whether it is raw or
unhealthy. It is also based on the religious doctrines that the family has. Other than
that, some are even vegetable, seafood or fruits.
The pie chart below presents the food dislikes of each family in the
community.
Figure 23. Distribution of the Food Dislikes per Household in Barangay

Pizarrough,Bantay, Ilocos Sur
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Interpretation:
There are 30 of them doesn’t like seafoods. 23 who doesn’t like unhealthy
foods for them. 21 of them doesn’t want healthy foods/vegetables.. There are 12 of
them has no food dislikes. There are 7 who doesn’t like meat. 2 who dislikes Raw
Foods and 1 who doesn’t want Fruits.
Seafood is a nutrient-dense food that has several health advantages.
Vitamins, minerals, and heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids abound in fish. These
nutrients keep your body healthy and can even help you avoid certain diseases.
However, many people have a phobia of seafood, which prevents them from
reaping the health advantages and distinctive tastes of seafood recipes. One of the
most distinct aromas is that of seafood. The strong odor of some varieties of fish or
other marine animals is one of the reasons why some people avoid seafood. Others
refuse to eat seafood because they dislike the way it looks or feels. Some fish have
tiny bones and scales, which can be bothersome. Fish, octopus, and calamari, to
mention a few, can have a rubbery feel if cooked wrong.
According to Ascia, Seafood allergy is more frequent in areas where
seafood is a big component of the diet, such Asia and Scandinavia. Toxins or
parasites in seafood can induce symptoms that resemble allergic responses to
seafood. While statistics vary by nation, it is believed that about 1% of the
population suffers from a seafood allergy. It is more frequent in adolescence and
adulthood than in childhood. Around 20% of people will eventually grow out of
their allergy. Hives (urticaria), tingling in the tongue and mouth, swelling
(angioedema), and/or stomach responses are common allergic reactions to seafood
(vomiting, diarrhoea). Breathing problems or collapse induced by a decrease in
blood pressure (shock) are the most hazardous symptoms, both of which can be
fatal. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic response. Inhaling gases from
cooking fish and seafood processing companies might cause lung problems on rare
occasions. Children with a history of asthma may be especially susceptible to severe
seafood allergies.
E. POLITICAL PROFILE
1. List of Barangay Officials
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Table 21. Barangay officials in the Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur as
of April 2022
Barangay Officials Positions
Charlito Mecos Barangay Captain
Anton Gagarin Barangay Kagawad
Banjo Alvaro Barangay Kagawad
Jerry Donato Barangay Kagawad
Anastacio Tadios Barangay Kagawad
Antonio Añes Barangay Kagawad
Pablo Prudencio Barangay Kagawad
Elpidio Langbay Barangay Kagawad
Gomer Jaramel SK Chairman
Shirley Abarca Barangay Secretary
Sipin Espinosa Barangay Treasurer
2. List of Suggested Officials
Table 22. Frequency and percentage of suggested barangay officials in Barangay

List of Suggested Officials Frequency Percentage

Barangay Captain 67 43.50%
Barangay Kagawad 51 33.12%
Municipality Mayor 14 9.1%
Ex Barangay Captain 6 3.90%
Private Organization 4 2.60%
Barangay Health Workers 4 2.60%
SK Chairman 3 1.95%
Tanod 3 1.95%
Governor 1 0.64%
Vice Mayor 1 0.64%
TOTAL 154 100%
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Figure 24. Percentage of suggested barangay officials in Barangay Pizzarough,

Bantay, Ilocos Sur as of April 2022
Interpretation of Data:
The table above shows that majority of the respondents which has a percentile
of 43.50 % suggested their respected Barangay Captain to be sought out when the
citizen in the community is experiencing problems or needs in establishing projects.
While there are some responses which has a percentile of 33.12% suggested Barangay
Kagawad. Lastly there are few responses which includes the 9.1% for Mayor, 3.90%
for Former Brgy. Captain, 2.60% for both BHW and Private Organization, 1.95% for
both SK Chairman and Tanod, and 0.64% for Governor and Vice Mayor.
3. Organizations Present in the Barangay

Organization refers to a collection of people, who are involved in pursuing defined
objectives. It can be understood as a social system which comprises all formal human
relationships. Organizations serves as a way to communicate or express their concerns to
the government. These Organizations Community-based groups enhances the living of the
families. The table below shows the different affiliated organization and frequency in
Barangay Pizzarough.
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Table 23. The Frequency of Different Affiliated Organizations present in Barangay

Affiliated Organizations FREQUENCY

None 45
4P’s 13
Puso ti Kababaihan 13
RIC 6
Farmers 5
Guardians Brotherhood 4
TODA 4
SK 3
Indigent 3
Day Care Worker 1
TOTAL 97
Figure 25. Percentage of the Different Affiliated Organizations Present in the

Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur as of April 2022
Interpretation of Data:
Based on the data that were gathered in Barangay Pizzarough it shows in the
statistics that majority of households which has a frequency of 45 or 46.3 % is that people
in the barangay do not belong to any affiliated organizations in their community. Since
some household in the barangay do not belong to any organization. Based on the figure
above it shows in the statistics that 4P’s and Puso ti Kababaihan had the same value which
has a percentile of 13.4% or 13 responses. For the RIC, there are some households were
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members in this organization which has a percentile of 6.1 % or 6 responses. Next is the
Farmer’s Association, there are also some households who were members in this
organization which has a value of 5.2% or 5 responses. For the Guardians and Brotherhood,
and TODA they have the same value which has a percentile of 4.2% or 4 responses each.
There are also a few households who were members of Sangguniang Kabataan and Indigent
which has the same percentile of 3.1% or 3 responses. Lastly, there is only a member of
Day Care Worker which has a percentile of 1% or 1 responses. It implies that some
members of the households in the barangay were students, and they can’t still join
organizations in the community since usually most of the organizations requires adults. As
well as it might also had the possibility of having a behavior it is called Asocial, which the
person has the lack of motivation to engage in a social interaction or where individuals
have a general anxiety or lack of confidence in attending any activities. In addition, it might
also imply that several households are not really interested in joining an organization
because some may think it as a waste of time or effort. Therefore, one of the effects of not
having an organization is that it might have a possibility of inarticulate or a poor
communication with the members of the community.
III. COMMUNITY HEALTH STATUS

Community Health Status
A. HEALTH AND ILLNESS PATTERNS
1. Leading Causes of Morbidity
The graph below presents the leading causes of morbidity in the community.
Figure 26. Distribution of Leading Causes of Morbidity in Barangay

Figure 27. The Distribution of Communicable Diseases in Barangay

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Table 24. Frequency distribution of individuals with morbidity according to

age composition in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur as of April 2022
Age Frequency
(0-3) 5
(4-5) 2
(6-14) 11
(15-18) 2
(19-25) 2
(26-35) 8
(36-45) 5
(46-55) 4
(56 ABOVE) 5
TOTAL 44
The figure reveals that majority of the leading causes of morbidity are
caused by non-communicable diseases (59.09%). This includes fever (46.15%),
hypertension (19.23%), asthma (11.54%), diabetes mellitus (7.69%), toothache
(3.85%), arthritis (3.85%), and kidney stone (3.85%). This holds true as non-
communicable diseases (NCDs) are considered a major public health concern
worldwide. They account for 60 percent of total deaths globally (with 40 million
deaths estimated occurring annually), and contribute to 40 percent of universal
disease burden annually. It is projected that if no action is done in the present, these
rates would increase to as high as 73 percent to total deaths and 60 percent to disease
burden respectively by 2020 (WHO, 2005).
The rapidly increasing burden of these diseases is affecting poor and
disadvantaged populations disproportionately, contributing to widening health gaps
between and within countries. The prevalence of NCD continues to rise in the
Philippines and promoting healthy lifestyle is very much needed and relevant as
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ever. More than half (58%) of total deaths in the country in 2003 were caused by
NCDs.
On the other hand, communicable diseases 40.91% include cough and colds
(61.11%), diarrhea (22.22%), flu (11.11%) and COVID-19 (5.56%).
1. Leading Causes of Mortality

Figure 28. Distribution of Leading Causes of Mortality in Barangay Pizzarough,
The figure shows that most of the mortalities are due to pneumonia (25%) and
accident (25%). This holds true of the statistics in 2019, where pneumonia have caused
approximately 62.72 thousand deaths in the Philippines, reflecting a year-on-year
increase from over 56.8 thousand. An infection in the lungs, pneumonia was the third
leading cause of death among Filipino women in the same year (Statistica Research
Department, 2021). On the other hand, statistics in the Philippines recorded that 12,000
Filipinos die on the road every year. One of the causes or road accidents is over
speeding of vehicles, which is one of the concerns in the barangay.
This followed by heart attack (12.5%), complication (12.5%), diabetes mellitus,
(12.5%), and COVID-19 (12.5%).
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Figure 29. Percentage distribution of the households according to nutritional

status in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur as of April 2022
Interpretation:
Majority of the children in Barangay Pizzarough, were normal with a total
number of 24 or 96% and only one or 4% of the total of children in the barangay.
Health Implication:
From the data gathered, this indicates that the parents are aware of the immunizations
given to them and thus shows good indication for a healthier growth of a child. Parents
who are knowledgeable enough helps them handle the stresses of daily life and the
hassles of day-to-day existence. Eating the right way tends to promote more sensible
eating habits, which in turn helps family members manage their weight more easily.
On the flip side, your socioeconomic status can affect your child’s risk of being
overweight or obese, but is less controllable than other factors.
Also, parents in low-income communities often lack the education and resources
needed to provide healthy meals. Children may visit corner stores to get unhealthy
snacks or eat fast food because it’s more affordable. They may also spend more time
indoors if the neighborhood isn’t safe for outdoor play, according to research cited in
an article published in the April–June 2015 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary
Care (Goldman, 2020).
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B. Maternal Care
1. Family Planning Affected by Religion
Figure 30. Percentage distribution of the households according to family

planning affected by religion in Barangay as of April 2022
All (100%) women of reproductive age had answered that their family planning
methods are not affected by their religion. Even though most of the population are
Roman Catholics which are known for prohibiting contraceptive means for family
planning, the individuals in the barangay believe that procreation is not the central
purpose of marriage, thus, they can consider the kind of birth control that may be
used ethically.
2. Contraceptive Users
Table 25. Percentage distribution of the households according to contraceptive

users in Barangay April 2022
Contraceptive Users Frequency Distribution

Yes 43 62.32%
No 26 37.68%
TOTAL 69 100%
The pie graph reflects that among the 69 families with women of
reproductive age in Barangay Pizzarough, a significant percentage of 62.32% of
respondents are users, while the remaining 37.68% are non-users.
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The survey shows that a greater percentage of households are using a family
planning contraceptives. There are respondents in the survey that do know the
importance of family planning. According to Ewerling et al., (2018) family
planning is key for reducing pregnancies and their health consequences and is also
associated with improvements in economic outcomes. It also shows that using
contraceptives have a higher percentage because it is simpler and more convenient
to use
3. Contraceptive Used
Table 26. Percentage distribution of the households according to contraceptive
used in barangay as of April 2022
Contraceptive Used Frequency
Abstinence 0
Pills 28
IUD 1
Rhythm 0
Condom 2
Ligation 10
Vasectomy 0
Injection 1
Withdrawal 8
None 26
TOTAL
Interpretation:
According to the data shown, most of the families with women of
reproductive age use pills as their family planning method. This conforms to the
data of the Philippine Statistics Authority in 2001 that the pill is the most preferred
contraceptive method for both poor (13.3%) and non-poor women (13.8%). On the
other hand PSA’s data shows that female sterilization is the second most preferred
method among the non-poor women (13.2%). This conforms to that of the data
gathered wherein ligation is the second most preferred contraceptive or family
planning method. However, 26 of the women had chosen not to use any family
planning method.
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Health Implication:
According to the Office on Women’s Health Trusted Source, there is
evidence to suggest that taking birth control pills may raise a person’s risk of blood
clots and high blood pressure, or hypertension. This can lead to heart attack or
stroke.
As for the women that does not prefer to use any family planning method,
it is important for the family to provide enough information about family planning
and safe sex for them to understand the meaning of safe sex and the importance of
family planning. Family planning means deciding when the right time is have
children, and what is the appropriate number of children for a couple to have.
Encourage couples to practice family planning as it provides a better life for their
children. (COPAR 2007 Untalan)
C. Child Care
1. Immunization Status
Immunization is the process wherein a person is made immune or resistant
to a disease. Immunization for newborn infants helps lessen the burden of their
early life infections, provisions of health benefits for both the mother and child are
included. Immunization cards or often called Yellow cards are given by the health
care centers or hospitals to the families to note updates of the immunization status
of their children.
Figure 31. Percentage distribution of the immunization status of children (0-

5 years old) in Barangay Pizzarough as of April 2022
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Interpretation:
The figure shows that there are 96% of children aged 0-5 years old to each
household that have presented their immunization cards, and with complete status,
while the remaining 4% are the children of households that were unable to present
their Immunization Card, because they misplaced and have lost the Immunization
Card. However, the cards must be kept and secured for medical purposes in the
future, as they should be aware that this is an important record for their child’s
health.
Table 27. Percentage and frequency for the immunization status of children
(0-5 years old) in Barangay Pizzarough as of April 2022
IMMUNIZATION STATUS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Complete 20 80%
Partial 5 20%
Total 25 100%
The data shows that out of 81 children from Barangay Pizzarough, 20

children have completed their vaccinations, accumulating 80%. The partially
immunized children have a frequency of 5 and a percentage of 20%. The data
explains that the parents of most households are cognizant of the essential benefits
the immunizations could give to their children, which is evident to the 80%
complete immunizations.
2. Child Feeding
Newborn infants are given breast milk containing sufficient nutrients for
their growth and development. Families of the community differ in feeding their
children, possibly solid foods, formula or breastmilk. The figure shown below
encompasses the distribution of breast feeding in Barangay Pizzarough, April 2022.
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Figure 32. Percentage distribution of child feeding in Barangay Pizzarough as

of April 2022
Interpretation:
The data shown above implies that the 100% of children are ongoing in
breastfeeding, the highest percentage responding “Yes” to the survey.
3. Weaning Age
Families mostly wait for several months before feeding their babies solid
foods or other than breastmilk/formula milk. Some take more than 24 months to
initiate weaning or complimentary feeding. The table below consists of the
frequency and percentage of 0-5 years old children in Barangay Pizzarough, in
accordance of their weaning age.
Table 28. Frequency and percentage distribution for the weaning age of
children in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur
WEANING AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
0-6 mos. 6 33%
6-12 mos. 5 28%
13-24 mos. 3 17%
36 mos. 2 11%
Still Breastfeeding 2 11%
Total 18 100%
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Based on the table presented, children from 0-6 months in Barangay

Pizzarough has the highest frequency and percentage among the other weaning age.
With a frequency of six (6) and a percentage of 33% its the highest because it is the
normal age for weaning. While the second highest is the weaning age from 6- 12
mos. With a frequency of five (5) and percentage of 28%. And the third is 13- 24
months with a frequency of 2 and a percentage of 17%. And the 36 mos. And still
on going breastfeeding have the same frequency and percentage with a frequency
of two (2) and a percentage of 11%.
Other moms breastfeed longer than a year. Extended breastfeeding is
a healthy and reasonable option for mothers and children who aren't ready to wean.
In fact, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that moms breastfeed
for the first 2 years of a child's life.
4. Initial Food Given

Table 29. Frequency and percentage distribution for initial food given to
children in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur as of April 2022
Initial Food Given Frequency Percentage
AM/Segget 3 6%
Lugaw 5 11%
Inapoy 7 15%
Kamote 5 11%
Banana 9 19%
Squash 7 15%
Infant Formula 9 19%
Cerelac 1 2%
Powdered Milk 1 2%
Total 47 100%
As shown in the table, among the children of Baranngay Pizzarough,

when it comes to food substitute for breastfeeding, Both Infant Formula and
Banana leads the survey with a frequency of 9 and a percentage of 19%. Next is
Inapoy and Squash with a frequency of 7 and a percentage of 11%. The third
most use food substitute in Barangay Pizzarough is AM or Segget with a
frequency of 3 and a percentage of 6%. Then lastly Cerelac and Powdered Milk
have the same frequency of 1 and a percentage of 2%.
IV. HEALTH RESOURCES

1. Place of Consultation
A consultation is the act of seeking assistance from another physician or health
care professional for diagnostic studies, therapeutic interventions, or other services that
may benefit the patient.
As presented in the table among the respondent of Barangay Pizzarough for the
place of consultation, 48 households go to the hospital, while there are 4 households
who seek for consultation in RHU, and lastly there 25 households did not seek any
medical attention.
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Table 30. Frequency for the place of consultation in Barangay Pizzarough,

Place for Consultation Frequency

Hospital 48
RHU 4
Did not Seek Medical Attention 25
TOTAL: 77
Figure 33. Percentage of place of consultation in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay,

Ilocos Sur as of April 2022
Interpretation:
As presented in the figure above among the respondent of Barangay Pizzarough
for the Place of Consultation, majority of the households which has a percentile of 62.3
% choses hospital as their place for consultation since it is near in barangay and more
advance, and very accessible. While there some households which has a percentile of
32. 5% did not seek any medical attention since they prefer self-medication rather than
going for check-up. Lastly, there are few households which has a percentile of 5. 2%
choses RHU for consultation since it is near in their barangay, free, and more accessible
It is advised in the community to consult hospital or any health care facilities,
if one of their family members has an illness/disease that requires medical attention.
The importance of consulting a physician or any health care provider is that it detects
potentially life-threatening health conditions or diseases early.
2. Place Sought for Child Care

The maternal mortality rate was 121 deaths per 100,000 live birth and infant
mortality rate remains unchanged at about 35 deaths per 1,000 births. The presence of
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enhanced health care facilities and health care providers such as obstetrician, midwife,
nurses have a great help in reducing the mortality rate of the mothers and infants.
As presented in the table below among the respondent of Barangay Pizzarough
for the attendance at birth, 25 or 100% used hospital, while there is 0 respondent choses
RHU, and lastly there are 0 for None.
Table 31. Frequency for the place sought for child care in Barangay Pizzarough,
Attendance at Birth Frequency

Hospital 25
RHU 0
None 0
TOTAL 25
Figure 34. Percentage for the attendance at birth in Barangay Pizzarough, Ilocos
Sur as of April 2022
Interpretation:
As presented in the figure above, all the households choses hospital for
preference for attendance at birth in Barangay Pizzarough, Ilocos Sur. The reason for
their preferences is that it is near in the community or barangay, it is free, and more
accessible. According to World Health Organization (WHO), Hospitals complement
and amplify the effectiveness of many other parts of the health system, providing
continuous availability of services for acute and complex conditions. They concentrate
scarce resources within well-planned referral networks to respond efficiently to
population health needs. A hospital system that is guided by the needs of patients and
families becomes significantly more efficient. In addition, the advantages of a hospital
birth include pain control, access to a NICU, staff support, and availability of
interventions.
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CHAPTER III
PROBLEM PRIORITIZATION
Problem prioritization will allow the nurses to assess and identify the level of concern
and condition of the community in terms of its problems and needs. This approach needs a
systematic way of scoring from highest to lowest to be able to identify which is the most relevant
up to the least. These problems should be taken upon consideration and must be addressed and
aced upon
PROBLEM #1
Poor home sanitation based on observable condition
Cues:
● In Barangay Pizzarough, there are vector sites that were present as basura with 44
responses, kanal with 11 responses, waig with 9 responses, 7 responses for piggery, and 6
responses for fish pond.
● There were 49 responses or 64% of the total population surveyed who answered NO in
practicing waste segregation in their homes because they don’t have enough time to
separate their waste and just dispose it in the garbage.
● 66 or 86% of households have open drainage.
CRITERIA COMPUTATION ACTUAL JUSTIFICATION

SCORE
NATURE OF Health Threat = 2 1 The problem of poor

THE PROBLEM environmental sanitation
is a health related
2/3*1 problem.
MODIFIABILIT Partially Modifiable = 1 1 The problem is moderately

Y modifiable since even if
the barangay would
OF THE conduct activities
1/2*2
PROBLEM regarding the promotion of
environmental sanitation,
some of the families
couldn’t practice this
because they don’t have
the time and some don’t
have the proper resources.
PREVENTIVE High = 3 1 If the case of improper

segregation is lessened,
POTENTIAL then the risk for cross
3/3*1 contamination and growth
of microorganisms would
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also be lessened. It can also

minimize vector sites that
can decrease the rate of
communicable diseases.
SALIENCE OF Problem but not 0.5 The community recognizes

needing immediate this as a problem but one
THE PROBLEM attention = 1 factor that affects them on
why they don’t segregate
their garbage and don’t
1/2*1 have a proper drainage
system it’s because they
don’t have the time and
resources to resolve this.
TOTAL 3.5
PROBLEM #2
Inadequate financial resources related to low income household
Cues:
 Out of 77 households, 36 families or 46.75% of the population earns 5,001- 10,000 pesos
per month.
 Private vendor and driver is the most common occupation of the community, this consists
of 14 individuals each. Next to it are farmers that consist of 13 individuals.
 The total population of students in the community is 140, this makes up 45.60% of the
population.
 Regarding on the Morbidity of the community, 25 individuals doesn’t seek medical
attention which maybe a cause of inadequate financial resources

SCORE
NATURE OF Health Threat = 2 0.67 It is considered as a health

THE PROBLEM threat as this will cause
financial stress to the whole
2/3*1 = family. Lack of financial
capability can lead to a
number of pitfalls, such as
accumulating unsustainable
debt burdens. As a result, the
family will not be able to
afford high quality health
care in managing their health
and sustain it due to the fact
that an income ranging 5,001
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- 10,000 is sometimes not

enough for a whole family.
MODIFIABILIT Partially Modifiable=1 1 The problem is partially

Y modified as the resources of
the majority of the barangay
OF THE are scarce for the reason that
1/2*2
PROBLEM most of the individuals have
only low incomes that may
not fit the daily needs of the
family. The 36 families that
make up 46.75% of the
population need to be
succour in order to aid
scarcity and reduce poverty
that not only benifits a
specific family but also the
whole barangay. On the other
hand, the 15 individuals who
did not seek medical
attention due to lack or small
monthly family salary.
PREVENTIVE Moderate= 2 0.67 The problem is relatively

difficult to solve and prevent
POTENTIAL as the increase in the wage of
2/3*1 the worker is dependent on
the government and the
private infrastructures that
provide the wages. Hence,it
will pose a higher risk to an
entire family in the sense that
having a low salary will
affect the family’s need
specifically in managing
their illnesses due to inability
to purchase medicine or
consulting a Doctor due to
lack of finances.
SALIENCE OF Problem but not 0.5 Though, this problem can be

needing immediate a common cause of poverty,
THE PROBLEM attention = 1 the problem does not need
immediate attention as every
household in Barangay
1/2*1 Pizzarough can take other
measures to supplement their
needs such as just planting
vegetables or fruits for a
source of food rather than
buying in the market, making
arts and crafts that can be
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sold in the market, and

providing services such as
laundry services and for the
reason that some of the
family are also members of
4P's.
TOTAL 2.84
PROBLEM #3
Unhealthy Lifestyle
Cues:
● 42 out of 114 chose to resort in self medication making it the most used practice with
36.8 %
● The presence of lifestyle related diseases from the surveys from 4 out of 46 causes of
morbidity are due to unhealthy lifestyle

SORE
NATURE OF Health Threat = 2 0.67

THE PROBLEM The problem High
incidence of is a health
2/3*1 = threat
MODIFIABILIT Partially Modifiable = 1 1 The problem is moderate

Y OF THE modifiable because the
PROBLEM community health center
1/2*2 and barangay health
workers sometimes
cannot accommodate
people who are seeking
care and information's.
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PREVENTIVE High = 3 1 The problem is highly

POTENTIAL preventive, If people
would practice and utilize
3/3*1 the programs that
promote wellness, and
proper health education.
SALIENCE OF Serious problem 1 The high percentage of

THE PROBLEM immediate attention people resorting to self-
needed=2 medication and home
care is an issue to be
taken care of immediately
2/2 *1 as it is directly affecting
the health and wellness of
the people in the
community.
TOTAL 3.67
PROBLEM #4
Risk for Acquiring Rabies and accident due to stray and unvaccinated dogs
Cues:
● Out of 91 owners of domestic animals, 11 were stray yielding to 12%
● 31 individuals complained about stray dogs freely roaming around the community
creating fear of being bitten

SCORE
NATURE OF Health Threat = 2 0.67 The percentage of stray

THE PROBLEM dogs in the barangay is
considered as a health
2/3*1 = threat as it has a high level
of risk for acquiring rabies
since during the
interviews, most of the
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stray dogs are

unvaccinated and they are
free to roam giving them
chance to bite passers-by.
MODIFIABILIT Easily removable = 2 2 It is easily removable

Y since it has not yet
directly affected the
OF THE people in the community.
2/2 *2
PROBLEM
PREVENTIVE High = 3 1 Proper barangay

assembly about giving
POTENTIAL leash to dogs and not
3/3*1 letting them roam around
the community may
prevent acquiring rabies .
SALIENCE OF Problem but not needing 0.5 Although stray dogs bring
immediate attention = 1 fear to the community, the
THE PROBLEM chances of being bitten
are low, depending on
1/2*1 how thay treat and interact
with these dogs. It has
been a long term issu but
the barangay officials as
well as it’s contituents are
not cooperative.
TOTAL 4.17
PROBLEM #5
Incorrect beliefs towards health during pregnancy and birth, care of sick, and child feeding
Cues:
● In the frequency distribution of belief and practices on pregnancy and birth, beliefs takes
up the 59.8 % from the 64 women out of 107 who responded.
● It takes almost 2/4 of the pie chart making hospitalization the lowest with 0.9%
● In care of the sick, it takes up the 31.6 % from 36 out 114 making it the second choice if
someone is sick in the family next to home care and self-medication instead of seeking
proper medical attention
● In child feeding, 35.6% of the households rely on their superstitious beliefs in child
feeding while 19.5% of them have no beliefs. Breastfeeding has been chosen as one of
the options for child feeding only by 1.1% of the population.
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SCORE
NATURE OF THE Health Threat = 2 0.67 Superstitious beliefs as the

PROBLEM most used way to treat the
sick or take care of the
2/3*1 pregnant woman and the
fetus makes it ti be
considered as health
threat. It greatly affects
the wellness are rate of
healing for those who are
sick.
MODIFIABILITY Partially Modifiable = 1 1 It has been part of their

culture as they have said
OF THE that it is hard for them to
PROBLEM 1/2*2 remove or forget those
beliefs since they have
been doing it for man
times and it has been
around agents and they
greatly believe that it
works.
PREVENTIVE Moderate=2 0.67 Proper health education

and advising them to seek
POTENTIAL for proper health care
2/3*1 from health providers
would increase the
preventive potencial of the
problem.
SALIENCE OF Serious problem 1 It is considered as a

immediate attention serious problem that
THE PROBLEM needed=2 needs immediate attention
since it is in line with the
health care the great
2/2 *1 percentage of people
resorting in superstitious
beliefs are alarming
instead going to the
hospital or clinic for
medical attention.
TOTAL 3.34
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PROBLEM #6
Disorganized social environment problems
Cues:
 15 individuals complained about gossipers in the neighborhood
 4 individuals complained about drunkards causing ruckus
 22 individuals complained about noisy neighbors during day and night 8 individuals
complained about videoke noise
 5 individuals complained about vehicle noise

SCORE
NATURE OF THE Health Threat = 2 0.67 The presence of stress

PROBLEM provoking factors such
as the condition of the
2/3*1 = relationship of the
people in the
community, and the
gossipers are the major
factors of stress. With
that, a disorganized
social environment was
considered as a health
threat on this
community.
MODIFIABILITY Partially Modifiable = 1 1 The problem about the

members of the
OF THE community are partially
PROBLEM 1/2*2 modifiable since it is
not that easy to control
all those irresponsible
and improper behaviuor
of those people in the
community. Though it
is possible, it woul take
a lot of time and effort
to fulfill the goal to
improve and solve this
problem.
PREVENTIVE Moderate=1 0.67 If the percentage of this

being a problem is high,
POTENTIAL 2/3*1 the possibility to
prevent these to happen
is very low. The
gossipers who seemed
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to be unstoppable in
sharing stories and
opinions, the drunkards
who roam every night,
and noise pollution.
However, there would
still be a chance for it to
be lessened.
SALIENCE OF Problem but not needing 0.5 It is not specifically a

immediate attention= 1 major problem to begin
THE PROBLEM with with regards to
1/2*1 health since it does not
directly affect us.
However, the
disturbances and stress
it cause makes it an
issue to be addressed
and acted upon.
TOTAL 2.84
Prioritized Community Needs and Problems
PROBLEMS SCORE
1. Risk for acquiring rabies and accident due to 4.17

stray dogs
2. Unhealthy Lifestyle 3.67
3. Poor Homes sanitation based on observable 3.5

conditions
4. Incorrect beliefs towards health during pregnancy 3.34

and birth and care of the sick
5. Inadequate Financial resources related to Low 2.84

Income Household
6. Disorganized Social Environment Problems 2.84
73
CHAPTER IV
COMMUNITY HEALTH CARE PLANS
This chapter presents the community health care plans for the community. Community health plans are made to promote healthy living among the residents
and they constitute policies and systems (People, 2013). The common objectives for many community health care plans are access to nutrition and Medicare, affordable
Medicare and resources for physical activities. The community health care plan is supported by healthy community initiatives that encourage the individuals and the
whole community to understand and follow all the strategies to lead healthy lifestyles. The focus of our community health care plan is six community problems.
Community health care plans include the following Health problem, Family nursing problem, Goal of care, Objective of care, Intervention measures, Methods of
contact, and Resources needed.
RISK FOR ACQUIRING RABIES AND ACCIDENT DUE TO STRAY DOGS
Methods Of Nurse
Family Nursing Intervention
Health Problem Goal Of Care Objectives Of Care Community Resources Required
Problem Measures
Contact
Risk of acquiring Failure to After 2 weeks of  Determine which  Assess the  Family visits for Material Resources:
rabies and comprehend the nursing actions should be knowledge and one-on-one  Pen and Paper
accidents due to nature/magnitude intervention, the taken the perception of interview  Laptop and Projector
unvaccinated of the problem community will  Differentiate the the community  Virtual Interview  Consent to conduct
stray dogs due to: be able to: risks of regarding dogs  Teleconferencin interview and
 Comprehend unvaccinated and left astray and g seminar
Cues: a. Inadequate the severity of stray dogs from unvaccinated  Conducting a  Audio Visual
 Out of 91 knowledge of the problem the benefits of seminar for all presentations
owners of preventive and vaccinated and  Discuss the constituents of  Pamphlets
domestic measure acknowledge leashed dogs effects of rabies the community  Instruction materials
animals, 11 the problem as to their health  Lecture/  Contact cards
owners left Inability to decide a health threat  Plan ways on how and the Discussion
their dog stray which action to that will lead to decrease the risk community  Return Human Resources:
yielding to take due to: them to of accidents Demonstrations  Adequate knowledge
12% a. Lack of consider and brought by this  Discuss the of the facilitator and
 31 individuals knowledge as perform problem benefits of being interviewer
complained to alternative necessary a responsible pet  Active participation
about stray courses of interventions.  The community owner from the community
dogs freely action open to  Demonstrate will be able to members
roaming them and be maintain a safe  Discuss and  Fur parents willing to
around the knowledgeable environment by provide proper adopt a
community of what to do if doing the right health teachings strayed/homeless dog
creating fear of in case measurements to about the effects  Healthcare providers
being bitten someone is be done. of the loose
they can seek help for
bitten animals vaccination or any
emergency
 Encourage the
community to
75
keep their pets
inside the house,
leased away
from the
common road or
be caged
 Address the
problem to the
whole
community for
proper
dissemination
and information
for all
 Demonstrate
how to
disinfect/sanitize
the bite area if
bitten and what
to do after
 Provide
instruction
materials on how
to build cages
 Provide contact
numbers in case
of emergency
76
UNHEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Family Nursing Intervention Method of
Health Problem Goal of Care Objectives of Care Resources Needed
Problem Measures Contact
Unhealthy Failure to utilize After 4 days of ● The family will be ● Identify the family’s Home Visit Material Resources:
lifestyle community nursing able to visit the perception
 Interview and
resources for health intervention, The community health regarding the
Cues: surveys
care due to: family will be able center to determine community health Lecture and
 Pamphlet
● 42 out of 144 to: the availability of center to determine Discussion
chose to resort
a. unavailability of
physicians such as their willingness to  Laptop,
in self
required a. Utilize the free
the days and time cooperate in the  Projector
care/service services of the  PowerPoint
medication of their intervention.
health center as Presentation
making it the consultation
b. Inadequate evidence by ● Gather information
most used
knowledge of visitation of the ● The family will be from the health Human Resources:
practice with
community health center for able to tell the center regarding the
36.8%  Time and effort
resources for consultation. importance of day and time of the
● The presence of the student
health care seeking proper availability of their
of lifestyle nurse and the
b. Prevent the health evaluation in physician and refer
related family
occurrence of the center before the family
diseases from  Discussion
diseases and to taking any
the surveys ● Discuss and explain (20-30
lessen the impact medication
from 4 out of
caused by different kinds of minutes)
46 causes of ● The family will be diseases that they
unhealthy Financial Resources:
morbidity are able to understand can acquire and the
lifestyle.
due to the different kinds signs and symptoms  Expenses
unhealthy of diseases they related to unhealthy for the
lifestyle can acquire from lifestyle. materials used
unhealthy lifestyle. for
transportation
● The family will be ● Assess the family’s
of the nurse
able to demonstrate knowledge about
77
proper engagement the free services of
in exercise. the health center to
fill in the gap in
● The family will be
their lack of
able to understand
information.
the importance of
observing balance ● Review patient’s
diet. current exercise
level and encourage
patient to engage to
a full body exercise
routine
● Encourage the
patient consume a
healthy diet and
advice the patient to
avoid unhealthy
foods.
78
POOR HOME SANITATION BASED ON OBSERVABLE CONDITIONS
Family Nursing Intervention Methods of

Poor home Inability to provide After 2 days of  To gain  Establish rapport Home visit Human
sanitation based a home nursing family’s trust Resources:
on observable environment which interventions, the and cooperation Face to face
conditions is conducive for community will be seminar  Time, effort
health maintenance able to:  To let them be  Discuss with the and skills of
Cues: and personal aware of the family the presence the student
 In Barangay development due a. comply with the presence of the of the problem nurses.
Pizzarough, to: health teachings problem  Family
there are vector given by the participation
sites that were
a. inadequate student nurses  Be aware and  Discuss with the and
resources AEB clean, be more family the cooperation
present as especially time, sanitized, good knowledgeable importance and
basura with 44 financial, and home about the purposes of proper Financial
responses, man power to environment importance of health sanitation to Resources (for the
kanal with 11 have a good proper their health. provision of):
responses, waig drainage system b. perform the sanitation  Pamphlet
with 9 health teachings especially at  Transportation
b. inadequate given and will home.
responses, 7 knowledge of continuously Material
responses for importance of maintain a clean  Knows the  Provide adequate Resources:
piggery, and 6 hygiene and environment harmful effects knowledge on the  Visual aids
responses. sanitation of having a bad various ways of and low-cost
environment. maintaining materials
 There were 49 c. lack of skill cleanliness in their needed for the
carrying out household and their actual
responses or
measures to surroundings. demonstration.
64% of the improve home  Enumerate to them  Pamphlet
total population environment the illness and
surveyed who
79
answered NO  Reduce the diseases they can
in practicing presence of acquire of having a
waste breeding or poor environment.
segregation in resting sites of
vector of
their homes
diseases.  Discuss with the
because they family the
don’t have  To prevent any importance of
enough time to possible having good
separate their disease/illness drainage system.
waste and just that may occur
dispose it in the due to the
present
garbage.
problem.  Discuss with the
community the
 66 or 86% of  Identify the different methods
households different ways of garbage disposal:
have open on proper a. recycling b.
drainage. disposal of segregating.
garbage.
 Teach and guide the
community how to
 Create a trash make trash can/bit
can/ trash bit using recycled
for the materials.
community to
be use.  Teach the
community how to
 Know the make a compost pit.
positive effects
of proper
garbage
disposal.
80
 Discuss with the
 Realize the community the
effects of effects of proper
garbage to the and improper
whole garbage disposal.
community.
81
INCORRECT BELIEFS TOWARDS HEALTH DURING PREGNANCY AND BIRTH AND CARE OF THE SICK
Family Nursing Intervention Method of Resources
Health Problem Goal of Care Objectives of Care
Problem Measures Contact Needed
Incorrect beliefs Failure to utilize After 3 days of ● The family will be ● Assess the family’s Human
towards health community nursing able to visit the knowledge about Home Visit Resources:
during resources for health intervention, the community health the free services of
pregnancy and care due to: family will be able center to determine the health center to Virtual meeting Time and effort of
birth and care of d. unavailability of to: the availability of fill in the gap in the student nurse
the sick required physicians such as their lack of One-on-one return and the family
care/service a. Utilize the free the days and time information. demonstration on
Cues: services of the of their how to consult via Financial
● In the Inability to provide health center as consultation ● Identify the family’s telemedicine Resources (for the
frequency adequate nursing evidence by perception services provision of):
distribution of care to the sick, visitation of the ● Debunk myths and regarding the  Pamphlet
belief and disabled, dependent health center for superstitious community health Lecture /  Transportation
practices on
or vulnerable / at consultation beliefs on center to determine Discussion  Internet
risk member of the pregnancy, birth, their willingness to connectivity
pregnancy and family due to: b. The family will and care of the sick cooperate in the
birth, beliefs a. inadequate be able to tell the that might affect intervention. Material
takes up the knowledge about importance of health. Resources:
59.8 % from the disease / health seeking proper ● Gather information  Pamphlet
the 64 women condition health evaluation ● The family will be from the health  Printer
b. inadequate in the center able to have phone center regarding the  Paper
out of 107 who
knowledge about before taking any numbers of day and time of the
responded.  Pen
child development medication different nearby availability of their
● It takes almost  Gadgets
and care hospitals and physician and refer
2/4 of the pie c. Inadequate famly health centers for the family
chart making resources for care: them to have
hospitalization financial contacts when a ● Discuss about the
the lowest constraints household member alternative measures
is pregnant, sick, or to do for certain
with 0.9%
dependent. health problem
situations instead of
82
● In care of the opting for following
sick, it takes superstitious beliefs
up the 31.6 % and self-medication.
from 36 out
● Provide alternative
114 making it
telemedicine
the second services to avoid
choice if self-medication.
someone is
sick in the
family next to
home care and
self-
medication
instead of
seeking proper
medical
attention
● In child
feeding,
35.6% of the
households
rely on their
superstitious
beliefs in child
feeding while
19.5% of them
have no
beliefs.
Breastfeeding
83
has been
chosen as one
of the options
for child
feeding only
by 1.1% of the
population.
84
INADEQUATE FINANCIAL RESOURCES RELATED TO LOW INCOME HOUSEHOLD
Family Nursing Intervention Methods of

Inadequate Inability to provide ● The family will be ● Identify their main Home Visit Material Resources:
financial resources a home After 1 day of able to identify job and the family’s
nursing ● Pamphlet
related to low environment actions that can monthly income
income household conducive to health interventions, the supplement their Chats through ● Budgeting Plan
community will be ● Ask if they have
maintenance and daily needs. messenger template
able to: any other job
personal
besides their main ● Powerpoint
Cues: development due
a. Have a sufficient job presentation
to: ● The family will be
● On the basis of knowledge about
able to have ● Assess their ● Laptop
the data a. Inadequate the effects of low
proper budgeting. primary cost of
gathered, there family resources, monthly income, ● Printer
living.
are 36 specifically low its causes and
● Bond Papers
individuals or income/financial benefits ● Ask which of them
● The family will be
46.75% has a constraints. is set on budgeting
b. Have a better able to identify the
monthly income for their daily
Failure to Utilize understanding risk factors of Human Resources:
of 5,001-10,000. needs.
Community about the having inadequate
Low source of ● Active participation
Resources for importance of financial ● Assess their
income may lead of the families
Healthcare due to: monthly income resources related knowledge
to lack of basic
to prevent a to their health. regarding ● Time and effort of
needs of the a. Lack of or negative effect to budgeting. the student nurse,
family. inadequate each family trainors, and the
● Provide a copy of
● Regarding on family resources, family.
c. Have a good the budgeting plan
the Morbidity of specifically lack
understanding of template.
the community, of financial
how to manage a
25 individuals resources low monthly
85
doesn’t seek income and ● Determine the
medical difficulties meeting number of their
attention basic everyday family members
needs and how many of
them are still
studying to find out
if their monthly
income is enough
for their daily
needs.
● Suggest actions that
can supplement
their daily needs
such as planting
vegetables in their
backyard instead of
buying at the
market, making arts
and crafts that can
be sold in the
market, and
providing services
such as laundry
services.
● Suggest the family
to join scheduled
job fairs in the
community and
livelihood
programs
86
implemented by the
city.
87
DISORGANIZED SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT PROBLEMS
Methods of Nurse
Family Nursing
Health Problem Goal of Care Objective Care Intervention Measures Community Resources Required
Problem
Contact
Disorganized Inability to After 2-3 days of ● Be aware about ● Assess the condition of ● House-to-house Material resources:
Social provide a social health teachings, the negative the community and level visit.
impact of of knowledge ● Interview with ● Consent form in
Environment environment the people in the
disorganized the family conducting the
Problems conducive to community will be
social through seminar in the
health able to: ● Inform people about
Cues: environment messenger or barangay.
maintenance and the possible effects of
a. Show a reliable ● Brochures
● 15 personal behavior towards
problems spreading personal.
● Audiovisual
individuals development due its environment. ● Identify the misinformation/fake ● Conducting
factors causing seminars in the presentation
complained to: b. Make a necessary news, violating the
disorganized Barangay in the ● Laptop and
about a. Innefective measures to curfew on videoke, Projector
gossipers in properly manage, social causing noise presence of the
communicatio control, and lessen environment Barangay
the n patterns pollution every night,
neighborhoo the risk factors of problems such as and causing chaos in Captain and Human Resources:
within the disorganized gossipers, noisy Baragay
d the neighborhood.
● 4 individuals
community social neighbors, Counselors. ● Participation from the
b. Lack of environmental vehicle noise and people in the
complained competencies problems. ● Enlighten the barangay.
about videoke.
drunkards
in relating to ● Practice proper community about the ● Time and effort of the
each other for lifestyle in order effects of noise and student in conducting
causing mutual growth
ruckus to minimize the misleading the interview and
and informations that seminar.
● 22 maturation
risks.
individuals causes stress in the
complained community.
about noisy ● Encourage the
neighbors barangay officials to
during day implement stricter
protocols to be
88
and night followed by everyone.
● 8 individuals ● Encourage people in
complained the community to
about make soft brooms, or
videoke recycle plastic bottles
noise in making designs for
● 5 individuals the barangay park, and
complained small businesses such
about vehicle as halo-halo, barbecue
noise. or street food stalls
around the barangay.
89
APPENDICES
I. Appendix A (Family Listing)
Pastores, Ariellie V.
HOUSEHOLD NUMBER HEAD OF THE FAMILY
1 Bernie Vasquez
2 Ederson Baraoil
3 George Bragas
4 Joel Pastores
5 Benedicto Princena
6 Erwin Vasquez
7 Nina Balla
Perez, Mark Angelo C.

1 Danilo Ezcorpizo
2 Danico Dato
3 Adlai Ednilao
4 Mark Perez
5 Roderick Butay
6 Ernesto Rosaro
7 Villamor Ednilao
Pilarta, Jeza Lauren V.

1 Janwalter Valeros
2 Ronel Valeros
3 Cles Valeros
4 Mark Laurence Billedo
5 Manuel Ancheta
6 Jerald Alcartado
7 April Pascual
Pineda, Edrianna Kassandra B.

1 Romeo G. Flores
2 Maynalin Biteng
3 Elaias Baguioen
4 Romeo C. Flores
5 Jonel Reynante Sr.
6 Freddi Maqui
7 Alfred Pablan
Potencion, Kevin G.
1 Delbert Casia
2 Sundrew Cacabelos
3 Herminio Gasmen
4 Aldrin Pasion
5 Romulo Espejo Sr.
6 Ranz Dameg
7 Rhany Potencion
Pugal, Allysa Jane J.

1 Anthony Piano
2 Melvin Patron
3 Saturnino Piano
4 Renato Piano
5 Salvador Pugal
6 Leticia Piano
7 Ermin Pugal
Pula, Pauline Ann T.

1 Marlon Rabara
2 Armida Tadios
3 Richard Quilondrino
4 Victor Samiana
5 Aurelio Tadios
6 Rolando Torreno
7 Brigido Jaramillo
Purisima, Shaneika Anne Margarethe C.

1 Eleonor Arce
2 Edwn Concepcion
3 Michael Ridao
4 Cyrus Cardenas
5 James Belvis
6 Lai Supnet
7 Rogelio Ricaña
Queddeng, Roshine Joy G.

1 Mary Glenn Cornelio
2 John Harold Gaoat
3 Jayboy Gaoat
4 Ronilo Galangco
5 Religia Gaoat
6 Maricel Bioco
7 Joel Habon
91
Querubin, Kayla Mae R.
1 Roland Soberano
2 Anne Llanes
3 Demetrio Navarro
4 Reynaldo Ponce III
5 Israel Jimenez
6 Betty Ramilo
7 Ronald Posadas
Quindipan, Hannah A.
1 Richard Gallardo
2 Karlo Perinion
3 Kristoferson Albalos
4 Joseph Albalos
5 Kelvin Albalos
6 Melvin Perinion
7 Aries Gallardo
92
II. Appendix B (Overall Tally)
BARANGAY PIZZAROUGH
TOTAL POPULATION
NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS
I. FAMILY MMEBERS AND CHARACTERISTICS
AGE
(0-3) 20
(4-5 ) 5
(6-14) 60
(15-18) 31
(19-25) 43
(26-35) 47
(36-45) 52
(46-55) 28
56 and above 21
TOTAL 307
SEX
Male 147
Female 160
TOTAL 307
CIVIL STATUS
Married 125
Single 171
Widowed 5
Common Law 6
Divorced 0
TOTAL 307
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Post Graduate 0
Tech-Voc 13
College Graduate 54
College Level 19
College Undergraduate 25
High school Graduate 55
High school Level 45
High school Undergraduate 11
Elementary Graduate 11
Elementary Level 43
Elementary Undergraduate 4
Preschool 4
Non Formal Education 1
None 22
TOTAL 307
OCCUPATION / EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Professional 13
Skilled 57
Non-skilled 36
Unemployed 58
Retired 3
None 140
TOTAL 307
RELIGION
Roman Catholic 250
Muslim 1
93
INC 7
Born Again 6
Baptist 3
Protestant 15
Methodist 10
ICFC 4
IFSA 11
TOTAL 307
II. FAMILY HEALTH STATUS AND PRACTICES
A. Immunization and Nutritional Status
YELLOW Severely Wasted Normal Overweight Obese TOTAL
CARD Wasted
Yes 1 23 24
No 1 1
TOTAL 1 24 25
Complete 20
Partial 5
TOTAL 25
B. Morbidity and Mortality
MORBIDITY
COMMUNICABLE & NON-COMMUNICABLE
Communicable 18
Non-Communicable 26
TOTAL 44
COMMUNICABLE
Diarrhea 4
COVID-19 1
Cough and Colds 11
Flu 2
TOTAL 18
NON-COMMUNICABLE
Toothache 1
Fever 12
Asthma 3
Hypertension 5
Muscular Spasm 1
Diabetes Mellitus 2
Arthritis 1
Kidney Stone 1
TOTAL 26
CAUSES
Family Genetics 2
Stress / Work 6
Allergy 1
Age 2
Ineffective Self-care 3
Environment 19
Lifestyle 5
Unknown 8
TOTAL
SEX
Male 22
Female 22
TOTAL 44
AGE
94
(0-3) 5
(4-5) 2
(6-14) 11
(15-18) 2
(19-25) 2
(26-35) 8
(36-45) 5
(46-55) 4
(55 ABOVE) 5
TOTAL 44
WHO ATTENDED
Hospital 17
RHU 2
Did not seek medical attention 25
TOTAL 44
MORTALITY
Yes 8
None 69
TOTAL 77
CAUSE OF DEATH
Heart Attack 1
Tuberculosis 0
Accident 2
Suicide 0
Pneumonia 2
COVID-19 1
Diabetes Mellitus 1
Complication 1
TOTAL 8
AGE
(0-3) 1
(4-5) 0
(6-14) 0
(15-18) 0
(19-25) 0
(26-35) 1
(36-45) 1
(46-55) 1
(55 ABOVE) 4
TOTAL 8
SEX
Male 5
Female 3
TOTAL 8
WHO ATTENDED
Hospital 6
RHU 2
Did not seek medical attention 0
TOTAL 8
C. Nutrition
BREASTFEEDING
Yes 18
No 0
TOTAL 18
95
AGE OR MONTHS
0-6 mos. 6
7-12 mos. 5
13-24 mos. 3
36 mos. 2
Still breastfeeding 2
TOTAL 18
REASONS FOR NOT BREASTFEEDING
No breastmilk 0
Sick 0
Grown child 0
Working 0
Pregnant 0
Others 0
TOTAL 0
FOOD SUBSTITUTE FOR BREASTFEEDING
Am/Segget 3
Lugaw 5
Innapoy 7
Kamote 5
Banana 9
Squash 7
Evaporada 0
Infant Formula 9
Water with Sugar 0
Milk production 0
Cerelac 1
Powdered Milk 1
TOTAL 47
D. Age During Primigravida
5-17 y/o 3
18-35 y/o 63
36-55 y/o 0
TOTAL 66
NO. OF CHILDREN
1 18 18
2 27 54
3 15 45
4 8 32
5 1 5
6 0 0
7 0 0
8 0 0
9 0 0
10 0 0
TOTAL 69 154
NO. OF PREGNANCIES
1 17 17
2 21 42
3 17 51
4 10 40
5 4 20
6 0 0
7 0 0
8 0 0
96
9 0 0
10 0 0
TOTAL 69 170
NO. OF MISCARRIAGE
0 54 0
1 13 13
2 2 4
3 0 0
TOTAL 69 17
CHILD BIRTH TYPES
Natural 69
Artificial 0
TOTAL 69
FAMILY PLANNING METHODS
Abstinence 0
Pills 28
IUD 1
Rhythm 0
Condom 2
Ligation 10
Vasectomy 0
Injection 1
Withdrawal 8
None 26
TOTAL 76
DOES RELIGION AFFECT YOU DECISION IN USING ANY FAMILY
PLANNING METHODS?
Yes 0
No 69
TOTAL 69
E. Beliefs and Practices
CHOICE OF FOOD FOR THE FAMILY
Availability 15
Fresh Foods 3
Nutritious Foods 46
Unhealthy Foods 3
Meat 11
Beliefs 3
None 21
TOTAL 102
PREGNANCY AND BIRTH
Superstitious Beliefs 64
Hospitalizations / Check up 1
Breastfeeding 2
Nutritious Foods 22
Supplements 10
Bed rest 2
None 6
TOTAL 107
CARE OF THE SICK
Herbal Medicine 9
Hospitalizations / Check up 17
Superstitious Beliefs 36
Home Care / Self-Medication 42
Nutritious Food 8
97
None 2
TOTAL 114
CHILD FEEDING
Beliefs 31
Nutritious Food 27
Family / Child Preferences 9
Breastfeeding 1
Unhealthy Foods 2
None 17
TOTAL 87
FOOD DISLIKES OF THE FAMLY
Raw Foods 2
Unhealthy Foods 23
Meats 7
Seafood 30
Fruits 1
Healthy Foods / Vegetables 21
None 12
TOTAL 96
REASONS
Allergy 27
Texture 7
Taste 20
Smell 6
Appearance 2
Can cause/aggravate diseases 21
Unhealthy 7
Food preparation 1
Religion 2
None 21
TOTAL 107
F. Environmental Conditions
TYPE OF TOILET
Flush Toilet 41
Water Scaled 35
Antipolo Type 1
Overhang 0
None 0
TOTAL 77
KITCHEN SINK
Open 66
Blind 11
TOTAL 77
GARBAGE COLLECTION
Open Receptacle 52
Covered Receptacle 27
None 0
TOTAL 79
WAYS OF DISPOSING
Composting 20
Burning 52
Burying 7
Riverside Dumping 7
Open Dumping 1
Garbage Collection 0
98
TOTAL 20
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
Yes 62
No 15
TOTAL 77
TYPE OF ANIMALS
Dog 47
Cat 6
Chicken 21
Goat 10
Duck 2
Bird 3
Cow 4
Carabao 2
Sheep 1
Pig 3
None 9
TOTAL 112
LEFT A STRAY?
Yes 40
No 56
TOTAL 96
WATER SOURCES
NAWASA 24
Water Pump 7
Deep Well 6
Shallow Dug Well 1
Protected Spring 1
Unprotected Spring 0
Mineral Water 41
TOTAL 80
WATER CONTAINER
Jug 53
Pitcher 25
Bottle 14
Caramba 0
Water Dispenser 4
Tumbler 0
Pail 8
Galloon 10
Basin 2
TOTAL 116
DO YOU DIRNK DIRECTLY FROM THE WATER SOURCE?
Yes 72
No 5
TOTAL 77
WATER TREATMENT
Chlorinate 1
Boiling 4
None 72
TOTAL 77
FOOD STORAGE
Cabinet 28
Covered Plate 37
Chest 0
99
Refrigerator 59
Hanging Basket 7
Container 6
Plastic Food Container 1
None 1
TOTAL 139
III. SOCIO-ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CULTURAL FACTORS
PRIMARY COST FOR LIVINIG
Farming
Owned 17
Tenanted 13
Fishing 0
Laborer 11
Employee
Government 10
Private 4
Vendor 14
OFW 4
Driver 14
Helper 7
Barber 1
Admin Aide 1
Sales Clerk 1
Office Clerk 1
Abel Weaving 1
Welder Mechanic 1
Laundry Woman 1
Carpenter 1
Piggery 3
Remittance 1
Engineer 1
Sales Lady 3
Police 2
STL Agent 2
None 7
TOTAL 138
MONTHLY SALARY
Below 5,000 12
5,0001-10,000 36
10,001-20,000 16
20,0001-30,000 9
30,001 and above 4
TOTAL 77
FOOD PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES
Piggery
Family Use 2
For Selling 9
Poultry
Family Use 27
For Selling 6
Vegetable Garden
Family Use 22
For Selling 5
Fruit Trees
Family Use 14
100
For Selling 1
Fishery
Family Use 5
For Selling 2
Baka
Family Use 0
For Selling 1
Goatery
Family Use 0
For Selling 1
Karabao
Family Use 0
For Selling 1
None 31
TOTAL 127
REAL PROPERTY
A. House Owner
Wife and Spouse 51
Spouse’s Relative 25
Rented 0
Tenanted 1
Communal / Government Property 0
TOTAL 77
B. Type of House Construction
Light 2
Medium 12
Heavy 63
TOTAL 77
C. Adequacy of Living Space
No. of Living Space
0 3
1 10
2 29
3 31
4 3
5 1
TOTAL 77
UTILITIES
A. Presence of Electricity
Yes 74
No 3
TOTAL 77
APPLIANCES
Radio 42
Refrigerator 55
Electric Fan 73
Gas Range 16
Television 70
Rice Cooker 10
Gas Stove 34
DVD 3
Washing Machine 19
Microwave 1
Air Conditioner 7
Speaker 1
101
TOTAL 331
DECISION MAKING
Decision Family Daily Barangay
Education Others Total
making Expenses Expenses Activities
Husband 13 6 7 9 5 40
Wife 36 39 44 42 23 184
Both 27 31 22 19 44 143
Child 1 0 1 2 1 5
Husband and 0 0 0 1 1 2
Child
Wife and 0 0 0 2 1 4
Child
Relatives 0 0 1 0 0 1
All 0 1 0 0 2 3
None 0 0 2 2 0 4
TOTAL 77 77 77 77 77 385
COMMUNITY NEEDS AND PROBLEMS
Problem with Drainage System 6
Mismanagement of Resources 50
Environmental Conditions 10
Health-Related Problems 1
Financial Problems 22
Animal-related Problems 36
Disorganized Social Environment
62
Problems
Improper Waste Management 36
Lack of Social Organization 5
TOTAL 231
COMMUNITY RESOURCES
A. Recommended Materials
Pala 53
Martilyo 31
Buneng 9
Kayo 36
Timba 8
Nails 22
Metal 18
Plastic Bottles 4
Tape Measure 3
Wire Cutter 1
Cement 22
Hollow blocks 15
Wire 4
Plywoods 8
Darat 14
Tarpaulin 2
Tolda 1
Bolo 1
Sack 5
Yero 13
Karitela 2
Cans 1
102
Segregation Bins 2
Dram 4
Chainsaw 7
Grass Cutter 2
Bareta 10
Kumapy 3
Sagad 1
Ragadi 6
Drill 1
Nipa 1
None 1
TOTAL 311
B. Suggested Barangay Officials
Barangay Captain 67
Barangay Kagawad 51
Ex-Barangay Captain 6
Barangay Health Workers 4
Private Organizations 4
SK Chairman 3
Barangay Tanod 3
Governor 1
Mayor 14
Vice Mayor 1
TOTAL 154
C. Affiliated Organizations
RIC 6
4P’s 13
INDIGENT 3
Puso ng Kababaihan 13
Farmers 5
BHW 2
Guardian’s Brotherhood 4
Barangay Daycare Wokers 1
TODA 4
Sangguniang Kabataan 2
Senior Citizen 3
None 45
TOTAL 101
103
III. Appendix C (Documentation)
104
105
106
107
The pictures show the yellow card then a copy of immunization and nutrition data from age 0-5
years old
108
The student nurses during the community health survey.
109
110
111
112
113
IV. Appendix D (Community Health Survey Form)
114
115
116
117
118
119
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Brennan, D. (2021). What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Hospital Birth?.
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Business Jargons. (n.d.). Organization. Business Jargons.
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Cabrera, R. (2021 November 19). 1 million more students enrolled this year – DepEd. Philstar
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students-enrolled-year-deped
Catholicism in the Philippines. Religion and Public Life at Harvard Divinity School. (n.d.).
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Flores, R.M., Feratero, V.J., Soneja, S.K.C., Gonzales, R.P.A.R. (2017). A Case Study about the
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121

Community Diagnosis Barangay Pizzarough

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Community Diagnosis Barangay Pizzarough

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Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

Hon. Dr. Edwin F. Cadorna, President of University of Northern

Mrs. Aprileth Quelnan, Community Health Nursing (CHN) Clinical

Barangay Officials of the Different Barangays, who extended their hands

Residents of the Barangay Pizzarough, who sincerely participated and

Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………………………………3

Nursing Care Plans…………………………………………………………………………………..74

Appendix A (Family Listing)……………………………………………………………………..…90

Appendix B (Overall Tally)……………………...……………………………………………….....93

Appendix D (Community Health Survey Form)……………………………………………………114

clients. This activity is designed to assist communities in developing a consensus about

II. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

III. GENERAL AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

Table 1 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of total population in

Table 1. Frequency and percentage distribution of total population in Baranggay

Total Population Frequency Percentage

Table 2. Frequency and percentage distribution of household size in Barangay

Household size Frequency No. of Individuals Percentage

Figure 1. Percentage distribution of household size in Barangay Pizzarough as of

Sex Frequency Percentage

Male 147 47.88%

Female 160 52.12%

TOTAL 307 100%

Figure 2. Percentage distribution of sex ratio in Barangay Pizzarough as of April

Table 4. Frequency and percentage distribution of age statistics in Barangay

Age Statistics Frequency Percentage

Table 5. Frequency and percentage age distribution of civil status in Barangay

Civil Status Frequency Percentage

Figure 3. Percentage distribution of type of residence in Barangay Pizzarough as

II. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS

Table 6. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Educational Status of

Educational Status Frequency Percentage

Undergraduate (3.58%), Elemntary Graduate (3.58%), Elementary Undergraduate

2. Real Property (House Ownership)

Figure 4. Distribution of house ownership in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos

Figure 5. Percentage Distribution of status of housing in Barangay Pizzarough,

4. Adequacy of Living Space (Number of Bedrooms)

The figure below presents the frequency of number of bedrooms in Barangay,

Figure 6. Frequency of number of bedrooms in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay,

Table 7. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Utilities in Barangay

Appliances Frequency Rank

Table 8. Communication network in every household in Barangay Pizzarough,

Communication Network Frequency Percentage

Table 9. Internet connectivity in every household in Barangay Pizzarough, Vigan

Internet Connectivity Frequency Percentage

Table 10. Internet Connection Status in Every Household in Barangay

Internet Connection Frequency Percentage

Table 11. Frequency and percentage distribution of employment status of

Employment Status Frequency Percentage

Monthly income Frequency Percentage

Figure 7. Percentage distribution showing the monthly income of households in

Activities Family Use For Selling

Mode Of Transportation Frequency Percentage

Figure 8. Percentage distribution showing the transportation in Barangay

1. Physical and Geographical Characteristics

Table 15. The Frequency of areas that contribute to vector problems in

Areas that Contribute To Vector Problems Frequency

Table 16. Sources of water in Barangay Pizzarough, Bantay, Ilocos Sur as of