SATUAN ( UNIT)

SURFACE FACILITIES
 UNITS VOLUME

1 L (liter) = 1000 cm3 1 m3 = 1000 L (liter)

1 in3 = 16.387 cm3 1 U.S gal = 4 qt
1 ft3 = 28.317 L (liter ) 1 U.S gal = 3.7854 L (liter)
1 ft3 = 0.028317 m3 1 U.S gal = 3785.4 cm3
1 ft3 = 7.481 U.S gal 1 British gal = 1.20094 U.S gal
1 m3 = 264.17 U.S gal
 Volume & Density
Mass
Density 
Volume

141.5
o
API  - 131.5 :  o specific gravity at stock tank
o
T = 60 F, P = 14.7 psia

oAPI of water = 10
oAPI of Heavy oil ≤ 20
oAPI of Extra heavy Oil ≤ 10
 Volume & Density
1 g mol ideal gas at 0 oC, 760 mm Hg = 22.4140 liters = 22 414 cm3

1 lb mol ideal gas at 0 oC, 760 mm Hg = 359.05 ft3

1 kg mol ideal gas at 0 oC, 760 mm Hg = 22.414 m3

Density of dry air at 0 oC, 760 mm Hg = 1.2929 g/liter = 0.080711

lbm/ft3

Molecular weight of air = 28.97 lbm/ lb mol

1 g/cm3 = 62.43 lbm / ft3 = 1000 kg / m3 = 350 lbm / bbl

1 g / cm3 = 8.345 lbm / U.S . gal

1 lbm / ft3 = 16.0185 kg / m3 Commonly used in Europe

COMMONLY UNITS USED IN PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY (1)

Customary Units Metric Units

Mscf , cuft (ft3) Std m3 (Sm3 ) , m3
ft2 m2
Lbm/cuft Kg/m3
Btu/lbm-oF kJ/kg.K
Btu/lbm kJ/kg
ft m
 BASIC DIMENSION

Metric English
Length -Basic Meter (m) foot (ft)
-Secondary cm , km inch (in) , mile
Area -Basic m2 ft2
-Secondary cm2 , hectares (ha) in2 , acres
Volume -Basic m3 ft3
-Secondary cm3 , liters (L) US gallons (US gal),
in3, UK gas, bbl
Mass -Basic kg, kmol pounds (lb), lb-moles
-Secondary grams (g) Lb/US gal , lb/UK gal
Density -Basic kg/m3 Lb/ft3
-Secondary g/cm3
Time -Basic second (s) Second (sec)
-Secondary min (m), day (d), Min, day, yr
year (a)
COMMONLY UNITS USED IN PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY (2)

Customary Units Metric Units

Btu/ft2-D-oF kJ/m2.d.K
Mscf/D Std m3/d
B/D m3/d
lbm kg
Lbm/cuft Kg/m3
psi kPa
 COMMONLY UNITS USED IN PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY (3)

Customary Units Metric Units

Btu (British Thermal Unit) kJ
Btu/D kJ/d ; W
kW kW
oF oC

oR K
Ft/D m/d
COMMONLY UNITS USED IN PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY (4)

Customary Units Metric Units

scf Std m3
mile/hr Km/h
ft2/D m2/d
cp Pa.s
cSt m/s2
dyne/cm mN/m
 Length
Length
1 in = 2.540 cm
100 cm = 1 m (meter)
1 micron = 10-6 m = 10-4 cm = 10-3 mm = 1 m
(micrometer)
1 A (angstrom) = 10-10 m = 10-4 m
1 mile = 5280 ft
1 m = 3.2808 ft = 39.37 in
 CONVERSION UNIT length
1 in = 2.540 cm
1 m (meter) = 100 cm
1 micron = 10-6 m = 10-4 cm = 10-3 mm = 1 µm
1 A (angstrom) = 10-10 m = 10-4 µm
1 mile = 5280 ft = 1.61 km
1m = 3.2808 ft = 39.37 in
1 ft = 0.305 m = 12 in = 30.5 cm
 CONVERSION UNIT Volume
1 m3 = 35.32 ft3 = 6.29 bbl = 1000 L

1L = 0.001 m3 = 1000 cm3 = 0.035 ft3

1 bbl (API) = 0.159 m3 = 159 L = 5.61 ft3

1 ft3 = 0.0283 m3 = 28.3 L

 CONVERSION UNIT Density

1 g/cm3 = 62.43 lbm/cuft = 1000 kg/m3

1 g/cm3 = 8.345 lbm/USgal
1 g/cm3 = 350 lbm/bbl
1 lbm/cuft = 16.0185 kg/m3
CONVERSION UNIT Pressure
1 bar = 14.50 psi = 0.987 atm = 1.02 kg/cm2 (ksc)
1 bar = 100 000 N/m2 = 100 kPa
1 psi = 6.86 kPa
Conversion Unit Pressure
1 bar = 1 x 105 Pa (pascal) = 1 x 105 N/m2 (pasca)
1 psia = 1 lbf / in2
1 psia = 2.0360 in Hg at 0oC
1 psia = 2.311 ft H2 O at 70 o F
1 psia = 51.715 mmHg at 0 oC (Hg = 13.5955 g / cm3 )
1 atm = 14.696 psia = 1.01325 x 105 N / m2 = 1.01325 bar
1 atm = 760 mm Hg at 0 oC = 1.01325 x 105 Pa
1 atm = 29.921 in Hg at 0 oC
1 atm = 33.90 ft H2 O at 4 oC
1 psia = 6.89476 x 104 g / cm . s2
 CONVERSION UNIT Mass
1 lbm = 453.59 g = 0.45359 kg
1 lbm = 16 oz = 7000 grains
1 grain = 64.79891 mg
1 kg = 1000 g = 2.2046 lbm
1 ton (short) = 2000 lbm
1 ton(long) = 2240 lbm
1 ton(metric) = 1000 kg
 Viscosity
1 cp = 10-2 g / cm. s (poise)

1 cp = 2.4191 lbm / ft. H

1 cp = 6.7197 x 10-4 lbm /ft. s

1 cp = 10-3 Pa.s = 10-3 kg / m. s = 10-3 N. s / m2

1 cp = 2.0886 x 10-5 lbf . s / ft2

1 Pa.s = 1 N. s / m2 = 1 kg / m. s = 1000 cp
 Viscosity
• 1 cp = 10-2 g / cm. s (poise)
• 1 cp = 2.4191 lbm / ft. h
• 1 cp = 6.7197 x 10-4 lbm /ft. s
 Unit Power
1 hp = 0.74570 kw

1 hp = 550 ft . Lbf / s

1 hp = 0.7068 btu / s

1 watt (W) = 14.340 cal /min

1 btu / h = 0.29307 W (watt)

1 J / s (joule/s) = 1 W
 Unit, Standard
Q (rate)
Velocity ( v ) 
A (luas)
ft , lb, s, lbf :
Q ( ft3 / s)
Length = ft 
A( ft2 )
Area = ft2
 ft / s
Viscosity = lbm /ft. s
Pressure = lbf / ft2 Work (W) = Q ( P1 - P2 )
Time = s = Q (ΔP)

Flow rate = ft3 / s = Q (ft3/s) x ΔP (lbf / ft2)

= ft.lbf/s x (hp /550 ft.lbf/s)
Work (hp) = (1/550) Q (ΔP)
1 hp = 550 ft . Lbf / s ΔP = pressure loss (lbf/ft2)
Q = oil flow rate (ft3/s)
Unit Heat, Energy and Work
1 J = 1 N.m = 1 kg.m2 / s2
1 btu = 1055.06 J = 1.05506 kJ
1 btu = 252.16 cal
1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf
1 hp.h = 0.7457 kW.h kW.h = 0.060 US$
= 600 Rupiah
1 hp.h = 2544.5 btu
1 hp = 2544.5 btu/h
1 ft.lbf = 1.35582 J
Assumption 1 US$ = Rp 10.000
1 watt (W) = 14.340 cal /min

1 btu / h = 0.29307 W (watt)

 OIL FLOW IN PIPES
Flow Rate PIPE
Q

P1 P2 Pressure

What is power required to W = Q ( P1 - P2 ) = Q (ΔP)

flow (Horse Power) oil in
ΔP = pressure loss (psi)
pipes above.
Q = oil flow rate (bbl/D)

1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf

1 hp = 550 ft.lbf / s
 GAS FLOW IN PIPES
PIPE
Q ( ΔP )

P1 P2

Cuft/D W = Q ( P1 - P2 ) = Q (ΔP)
ΔP = pressure loss (psi)

BTU/D Q = Gas flow rate (MMSCF/D)

$/D

1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf

ΔP hp ΔP
1 hp = 550 ft.lbf / s
1 hp = 2544.5 btu/h
Hp ~ Q x ∆P
 GAS FLOW IN PIPES
PIPE
Q

P1 P2
1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf W = Q ( P1 - P2 ) = Q (ΔP)
1 hp = 550 ft.lbf / s
START WITH BASIC UNITS

 ft 3   lb f 
W(power)  q   p  2   ft.lb f / s  hp/550
s   ft 
W(hp)  550 q(ft 3/s) p (lb f /ft 2 )

q = laju alir ∆p = pressure loss

 Gas Flow in Pipes
PIPE
Pipe
Qg Gas
conditions
P and T
P1 P2 Cuft = ft3

Insitu conditions Standard Condition

Given : Vpipe cond  ft 3  : Bg

Bg   Scf 
VStandard  
Q = Gas flow rate, MMSCF/D
zT Standard
D = Inside Pipe diameter, in Bg  0.0282 (cuft/scf)
p Conditions
zT 14.7 psi &
Bg  0.00502 (res bbl/scf)
p 60 oF
What is gas velocity in pipes
? ( ft/s) SCF
  ft 3   lb f 
W q  p  2 
 ft.lb f / s x hp/(550 ft.lb f / s )  hp / 550
 s   ft 
W(hp)  550 x q(ft 3 /s) p (lb f /ft 2 )
 ft 3   MMscf  D 10 6 scf  cuft 
q   Q g  x x x Bg 
 s   D  86400 s MMscf  scf
10 6
 Bg Q g
86400
 lb f   lb f  144 in
2
p  2   P  2  x  144 P(psi)
 ft   in 
2
ft
 10 6 
HP  500  Bg Q g  144 P   0.83 x 10 6 Bg Q g P
 86400 
1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf
1 hp = 550 ft.lbf / s
 Gas velocity in pipes
Assignment

PIPE
Q

P1 P2

Q = Gas flow rate = 60 MMscf/D

D = Inside Diameter of pipes (20 in)

Qg
Q A D
Vg 
A
 Assignment #

Q = Gas flow rate = 80 MMscf/D

D = Inside Diameter of pipes (20 in)

Qg
Q A
D
Vg 
A
If pressure and temperature in the pipe are equal to 600 psia and
120 F, respectively, and SG gas = 0.6. Determine velocity of gas
in the pipe ( ft/sec )
 : Assignment #,

1) Derives equation no (1) below :

20 Qg  g
1) N Re 
d

2) Find constant of equation no 2 below :

2) Hp  Constant Qg P
Using following units:

d ( in ) inside pipe diameter , µ (cp) , ρo (lbm/cuft) , v (velocity) ,

f (friction factor, dimensionless) , Hp (horse power) , Qg (Mscf / D)
P ( psi) , v = q / A ( q = flow rate), Nre = Reynold Number.