10

Electronics
Quarter IV – Module 5
Electronic Automation
Electronics – Grade 10
Self-Learning Module
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Regional Office VIII

Regional Director: Ramir B. Uytico EdD, CESO IV
Assistant Regional Director: Arnulfo M. Balane, CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Wilmer E. Cadiz
Language Editors: Name
Content Editors: Name
Illustrators: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team:
Rosemarie M. Guino EdD, OIC – Chief, CLMD
Ryan R. Tiu EdD, EPS, CLMD – Science
Joy B. Bihag, EPS, CLMD – LRMS
Name, Chief, CID
Name, EPS, CID – Science
Name. EPS, CID - LRMS

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Regional Office VIII

Office Address: Government Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte

Telefax: 053 - 3233156

E-mail Address: [email protected].
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

At the end of each module, you need to answer the test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will
be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Research 7 Self – Learning Module 1on (Electronics Automation)!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create, and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

Explore
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module. A brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one. The
new lesson will also be introduced to you in
various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity, or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
Learn
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
Apply sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

Assess This is a task which aims to evaluate your level

of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.

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 This contains the learner’s reflection. Learners
Reflect
are encouraged to think about the lessons
particularly the parts that went well (they have
understood) and the parts that were weak (they
have difficulty) and write about it briefly.
Learners can share their thoughts and feeling
about the lessons.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
3. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
4. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
5. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Explore

Introduction:

Automation is the creation and application of technologies to produce and

deliver goods and services with minimal human intervention. The implementation
of automation technologies, techniques and processes improve the efficiency,
reliability, and/or speed of many tasks that were previously performed by humans.
Usually, automation is employed to minimize labor or to substitute humans in the
most menial or repetitive tasks.
Automation becomes the significant word of this era. However, today’s
“Advanced Automation System” could not be possible without the intervention of
Electronics. With electronics intervention in automation, the advantages like
accuracy, efficiency, time saving, compactness and user friendliness has gone up
exponentially resulting in an enormous reduction of human dependency.

After going through this module, students should be able to:

1. Described the three basic building blocks of automation.
2. Differentiate open and close loop systems.

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 1 of 19

 Learn

The term automation was coined in the automobile industry about 1946 to
describe the increased use of automatic devices and controls in mechanized
production lines. The origin of the word is attributed to D.S. Harder, an engineering
manager at the Ford Motor Company at the time. The term is used widely in a
manufacturing context, but it is also applied outside manufacturing in connection
with a variety of systems in which there is a significant substitution of mechanical,
electrical, or computerized action for human effort and intelligence.

In general usage, automation can be defined as a technology concerned with

performing a process by means of programmed commands combined with
automatic feedback control to ensure proper execution of the instructions. The
resulting system is capable of operating without human intervention. The
development of this technology has become increasingly dependent on the use of
computers and computer-related technologies. Consequently, automated systems
have become increasingly sophisticated and complex. Advanced systems represent
a level of capability and performance that surpass in many ways the abilities of
humans to accomplish the same activities.
The developments of Automation overtime have provided the three basic building
blocks of automation:

(1) A source of power to perform some action,

(2) Feedback controls, and
(3) Machine programming.

Almost without exception, an automated system will exhibit all these elements.
Let’s begin with;

1. Power Sources

An automated system is designed to accomplish some useful action, and that

action requires power. There are many sources of power available, but the most
commonly used power in today’s automated systems is electricity. Electrical
power is the most versatile, because it can be readily generated from other sources
(e.g., fossil fuel, hydroelectric, solar, and nuclear) and it can be readily converted
into other types of power (e.g., mechanical, hydraulic, and pneumatic) to perform
useful work. In addition, electrical energy can be stored in high-performance, long-
life batteries.

Below are the different types of power sources we have today:

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 2 of 19

Fossil Fuels –such as Natural Gas, Coal and Petroleum are used in steam turbines
and gas turbines to generate electricity.

Hydroelectric energy - also called hydroelectric power or hydroelectricity, is a

form of energy that harnesses the power of water in motion—such as water flowing
over a waterfall—to generate electricity.

Solar energy - refers to capturing the energy from the Sun and subsequently
converting it into electricity.

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 3 of 19

Nuclear power - is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear
power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion
reactions.

2. Feedback Controls

Feedback controls are widely used in modern automated systems. A feedback

control system consists of five basic components: (1) input, (2) process being
controlled, (3) output, (4) sensing elements, and (5) controller and actuating
devices. These five components are illustrated in Figure 1. The term closed-loop
feedback control is often used to describe this kind of system.

Input - is the reference value, or set point, for the system output. This represents
the desired operating value of the output.
Example for this kind of system is a Heating System for a house; where the input
is the desired temperature setting for a room.

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 4 of 19

Output - is the variable of the process that is being measured and compared to the
input; in the above example, it is room temperature.
Process being controlled – in this case, is the Heater (e.g. Furnace)
Sensing Elements - are the measuring devices used in the feedback loop to
monitor the value of the output variable. In the heating system example, this
function is normally accomplished using bimetallic strips temperature sensors.

Controller and Actuating devices - compare the measured output value with the
reference input value and to reduce the difference between them. In general, the
controller and actuator of the system are the mechanisms by which changes in the
process are accomplished to influence the output variable.
“The switch connected to the bimetallic strip of the thermostat is the controller and
actuating device for the heating system. When the output (room temperature) is
below the set point, the switch turns on the heater. When the temperature exceeds
the set point, the heat is turned off.”

3. Machine Programming

The programmed instructions determine the set of actions that is to be

accomplished automatically by the system. The program specifies what the
automated system should do and how its various components must function in
order to accomplish the desired result.

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 5 of 19

Programmable machines are often capable of making decisions during their
operation. The decision-making capacity is contained in the control program in the
form of logical instructions that govern the operation of such a system under
varying circumstances.

Open Loop versus Closed Loop Systems

The main difference between an open-loop system and a closed-loop system is

that the closed-loop system has the ability to self-correct while the open-loop
system doesn't. Consequently, closed-loop systems are often called feedback
control systems while open-loop systems are also known as non-feedback controls.

Open Loop System – are setup to achieved desired results but there is no way of
checking or correcting if the desired results are achieved.

Closed Loop System – are able to change the process as a result of what happens
at the output. Normally a sensor is used to look at the output and adjust the
process accordingly. This is called Feedback.

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 6 of 19

 Engage

1. Based from what you have just learned, what is automation?

2. What are the three building blocks of automation? Discuss its respective uses.

3. Explain the difference between a closed loop system and open loop system.

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 7 of 19

 Apply

Direction: Explore and illustrate an Open Loop and Closed Loop System being
applied and can be found inside your house.

Open Loop

Closed Loop

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 8 of 19

 Assess

Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, FALSE if the statement is not
correct. Write your answers on the space provided.

_______1. Open loop systems are able to change the process as a result of what
happens at the output.

_______2. Controller and actuators are measuring devices used in the feedback
loop to monitor the value of the output variable.

_______3. Sensing elements compare the measured output value with the
reference input value and to reduce the difference between them.

_______4. Programmed instructions determine the set of actions that is to be

accomplished automatically by the system.

_______5. The three basic building block of automations are power source,
feedback control & machine programming.

_______6. Open loop systems has the ability to self-correct and also known as non-
feedback control system.

_______7. A feedback control system consists of four basic components: input,

process being controlled, output & sensing elements.

_______8. Automation is the creation and application of technologies to produce

and deliver goods and services with minimal human intervention.

_______9. Closed loop system are setup to achieved desired results but there is no
way of checking or correcting if the desired results are achieved.

_______10. The most commonly used power in today’s automated systems is

electricity.

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 9 of 19

 Answer Key

Engage
(Answers may vary depends
on how the learner explain
Assessment the teacher will set its own
rubric in checking the
1. False learners answer.)
2. False
3. False
4. True Apply
5. True
6. False (Answers may vary depends
7. False on how the learner explain
8. True the teacher will set its own
9. False rubric in checking the
10. True learners answer.)

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 10 of 19

 Reflect

1. How automation does affects our daily lives? What are the advantages
and disadvantages you have noticed with the use of this technology?

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 11 of 19

References
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital-television
www.brittanica.com
www.google.com

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module 1 Page 12 of 19

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Regional Office VIII – Curriculum and Learning

Management Division (CLMD) - Learning Resources Management Section (LRMS)

Government Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte, 6501

Telefax: (053) 323-3156; 323-3854; 824-4627

Email Address: *[email protected]

*[email protected] *[email protected]