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Transportation Notes

Transport is the means by which people and goods move. The four major means of transport are roadways, railways, waterways and airways. Roadways are the most commonly used means of transport, especially for short distances. Railways developed with the steam engine and are now largely electric or diesel. Waterways are the cheapest for long distance transport of heavy goods over rivers, lakes, and oceans connecting ports worldwide. Airways are the fastest but most expensive form of transport, able to access remote areas without other infrastructure.

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156 views

Transportation Notes

Transport is the means by which people and goods move. The four major means of transport are roadways, railways, waterways and airways. Roadways are the most commonly used means of transport, especially for short distances. Railways developed with the steam engine and are now largely electric or diesel. Waterways are the cheapest for long distance transport of heavy goods over rivers, lakes, and oceans connecting ports worldwide. Airways are the fastest but most expensive form of transport, able to access remote areas without other infrastructure.

Uploaded by

Nirvaan Singhal
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Transport Services

Transport is the means by which people and goods move. In the early days, people used to
walk and animals are used to carry their goods. Invention of the wheel made transport easier.
The early traders from other countries used to take several months to reach India. They took
either the sea route or the land route. Modern means of transport thus saves time and energy.
The four major means of transport are roadways, railways, waterways and airways.
Roadways
The most commonly used means of transport, especially for short distances, are roads. They
can be metalled and unmetalled. Roads have also been built in terrains like deserts, forests
and even high mountains. Manali-Leh highway in the Himalayan Mountains is one of the
highest roadways in the world. Roads built underground are called subways/under paths.
Flyovers are built over raised structures.
Railways
The invention of the steam engine and the Industrial Revolution helped in speedy
development of rail transport. Diesel and electric engines have largely replaced the steam
engines. The railway network is well developed over the plain areas. Advanced technological
skills have enabled laying of railway lines in difficult mountain terrains also. The Indian
railway network is well developed. It is the largest in Asia.
Waterways
Waterways are the cheapest for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances. They
are mainly of two types – inland waterways and sea routes. Navigable rivers and lakes are
used as inland waterways. Some of the important inland waterways are the Ganga-
Brahmaputra river system, the Great Lakes in North America and the river Nile in Africa.
Sea routes and oceanic routes are mostly used for transporting merchandise and goods from
one country to another. These routes are connected with the ports. Some of the important
ports of the world are Singapore and Mumbai in Asia, New York, Los Angeles in North
America, Rio de Janerio in South America, Durban and Cape Town in Africa, Sydney in
Australia, London and Rotterdam in Europe.
Airways
Airways is the fastest way of transport developed in the early twentieth century. It is also the
most expensive due to the high cost of fuels. Air traffic is adversely affected by bad weather
like fog and storms. It is the only mode of transport to reach the most remote and distant
areas, especially where there are no roads and railways. Helicopters are extremely useful in
most inaccessible areas and in times of calamities for rescuing people and distributing food,
water, clothes and medicines.
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