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Midterm Problem Set #2 Answers

Joshua encountered a problem in high school where his parents could not afford his tuition fees. To help support himself and his family, he took on various jobs like cleaning pig fences, tutoring, and transporting sand. These strategies helped him earn money to pay his tuition fees and support his family. In a logic puzzle, four friends each have a different pet: fish, cat, dog, snake. Using clues about their ages relative to each other, the puzzle determines that Donna owns the dog, Sarah owns the fish, Nikkie owns the cat, and Xhanelle owns the snake. Deductive reasoning is useful for solving Sudoku puzzles by using known facts to reach logical conclusions and

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294 views3 pages

Midterm Problem Set #2 Answers

Joshua encountered a problem in high school where his parents could not afford his tuition fees. To help support himself and his family, he took on various jobs like cleaning pig fences, tutoring, and transporting sand. These strategies helped him earn money to pay his tuition fees and support his family. In a logic puzzle, four friends each have a different pet: fish, cat, dog, snake. Using clues about their ages relative to each other, the puzzle determines that Donna owns the dog, Sarah owns the fish, Nikkie owns the cat, and Xhanelle owns the snake. Deductive reasoning is useful for solving Sudoku puzzles by using known facts to reach logical conclusions and

Uploaded by

John Arvin Escote
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Joshua V.

Escote MATH 100


BS-Crim

Problem Set #2: Problem Solving and Reasoning


Activity No. 1- A Problem Solved!
Instruction: Write down a real-life problem that you have personally encountered
recently or in the past. Write down your strategies made in solving the problem.
When I was in high school, my parents did not have enough money to pay for my school
tuition. Even if they work so hard, it was still not enough for us in our everyday living. I
was scared that I cannot continue to study and pursue my dream as a policeman in
college. That is my worst problem that I ever encountered. That is why I decided to
become a working student. Since the pandemic aroused, online classes are still going
on. To help my family and support myself for my study, I managed to convince our
neighbors if they have available jobs where I can land. The first job I got was cleaning
pig fence. I also feed the pigs and clean its surroundings. I also got to shovel sand into
the sack and transport it to another place. Lastly, I also tutored elementary students to
have another income. Those strategies helped me earn money and can now help my
family for our everyday living and support my studies through paying school tuition fees.
Activity No. 2- Let’s Apply Polya!
Instruction: Answer the following problem using the Polya’s 4-Steps of Problem Solving
Three containers have capacities of 3, 5, and 9 liters. How can you use these
containers to measure exactly 7 liters of water?
Solution:
STEP 1 (Understand the problem): Using three containers that have capacities of 3, 5,
and 9 liters, we are trying to use those containers to measure exactly 7 liters of water.
STEP 2 (Devise a plan): We will basically use the 9-liter bucket as the main source of
water for measurement. We will then pour the water to the 3-liter and 5-liter buckets and
back to the 9-liter bucket to measure exactly 7 liters of water without throwing water
away from any of the containers.
STEP 3 (Carry out the plan): Firstly, get water using the 9-liter bucket. Fill the 3-liter
bucket and 5-liter bucket using the water from the 9-liter bucket. Next, pour the water
from the 3-liter bucket to the 9-liter bucket. Then, pour the water from the 5-liter bucket
and fill the 3-liter bucket. Lastly pour the water from the 3-liter bucket to the 9-liter
bucket. We should be able to measure exactly 7 liters of water.
STEP 4 (Review the solution): The solution makes sense because there is no container
emptied or thrown away from any of those containers.
Activity No. 3- A Logical Problem Solved!
Instruction: Solve the given logical problem.
Each of the four friends Donna, Sarah, Nikkie, and Xhanelle, has a different pet (fish,
cat, dog, and snake). From the following clues, determine the pet of each individual:
1. Sarah is older than her friend who owns the cat and younger than her friend who
owns the dog.
2. Nikkie and her friend who owns the snake are both of the same age and are the
youngest members of their group.
3. Donna is older than her friend who owns the fish.
(Hint: Use a table for an easy process of solving the logical problem.)

Solution:
According to the 1st clue, Sarah is neither oldest nor the youngest in the group.
According to the 2nd clue, Nikki and her friend is the youngest in their group. According
to the 3rd clue, Donna is the oldest in their group. Hence, Sarah owns the fish,
Xhanelle owns the snake, Nikkie owns the cat, and Donna owns the dog.

Fish Cat Dog Snake


Donna ✓
Sarah ✓
Nikkie ✓
Xhanelle ✓

Activity 4: Let’s Play Sudoku!


Instruction: Sudoku is a 3x3 puzzle such that numbers 1 to 9 are placed in each of the
box only once per box, row and column. Solve the Sudoku puzzle below:
2 1 6 3 8 4 7 5 9
8 5 9 1 7 6 2 3 4
4 3 7 5 2 9 1 8 6
9 6 8 7 3 1 4 2 5
7 4 3 2 6 5 8 9 1
5 2 1 4 9 8 3 6 7
3 8 5 6 1 7 9 4 2
1 9 4 8 5 2 6 7 3
6 7 2 9 4 3 5 1 8
Process Questions:
1. What do you think is the possible type of reasoning to be used in solving the puzzle?
- I think deductive reasoning is the most often utilized method in mathematics.
Deductive reasoning is employed by everyone who has completed a logic puzzle such
as a Sudoku puzzle. Deductive reasoning is using known facts to reach logical
conclusions that we know must be correct. We deduce one fact by combining several
others.
2. Is there any specific rule to follow to get the grid complete? Why?
- The rule in sudoku states that every square has to contain a single number. Only the
numbers from 1 through to 9 can be used. Each 3×3 box can only contain each number
from 1 to 9 once. Each vertical column can only contain each number from 1 to 9 once.
It is to avoid repeating numbers and thus becomes challenging afterwards.

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