CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 8 Motion Revision Notes
CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 8 Motion Revision Notes
Parameters
Motion
The change in the position of the object with respect to time is called
the motion of that object. The change in motion is based on the
reference point of an individual. Let’s take an example of the 2 cars
(A and B) moving at a constant speed that you observe from your
school window.
From your reference point, the cars are in motion because they are
constantly moving. Although, from the reference point of the car A,
car B is not in motion since it has the same speed as car A. But you on
the other hand, for car A, will be in motion because of the constant
change in your position from the reference point of car A
Parameters of Motion
Scalar Quantity
Vector Quantity
These quantities have both magnitude and direction. So change in any
one of the two will change the value of the vector quantities.
Examples of vector quantities are velocity, acceleration, force,
displacement and many more.
Distance
The length of the total path travelled by the body is the distance
travelled by the body. It is the scalar quantity. Mostly measured in
m(meters).
Displacement
The length of the shortest path travelled by the body from point A to B
is the displacement. It is the scalar quantity. Mostly measured in
m(meters).
Speed
The distance travelled by the body per unit time is the speed of the
body. It is a scalar quantity. Speed is given by the formula,
speed=distance/time, Measured in m/s.
Uniform speed
If a body travels equal distance at equal intervals of time, the body is
said to be moving at a uniform speed.
Non-Uniform speed
If the speed of the body keeps changing throughout the body is said to
be moving at a non-uniform speed. The average speed of the body=
total distance travelled/total time taken to travel the distance.
Velocity
Uniform velocity
Non-Uniform Velocity
If a body travels unequal distance at equal intervals of time in a
straight line the body is said to be moving at a non-uniform velocity.
The average velocity = total displacement/total time taken.
Acceleration
A. m/s
B. ms
C. m/s2
D. none of these
Acceleration=(Change in velocity)/time
I. 0.5 seconds
II. From 1 to 2 seconds
III. 2.5 seconds
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. none
Cricket fan? Hockey fan? Soccer fan? What is the first thing that is
taught when you first start training for these or any other sports? It is
understanding the correct motion, speed acceleration or the Equations
of Motion. Once you master the Equations of Motion you will be able
to predict and understand every motion in the world.
● v = u + at
● v² = u² + 2as
● s = ut + ½at²
● v = u + at
Let us begin with the first equation, v=u+at. This equation only talks
about the acceleration, time, the initial and the final velocity. Let us
assume a body that has a mass “m” and initial velocity “u”. Let after
time “t” its final velocity becomes “v” due to uniform acceleration
“a”. Now we know that:
Therefore, we have: v = u + at
● v² = u² + 2as
or s = (v² – u²)/2a
or 2as = v² – u²
or v² = u² + 2as
● s = ut + ½at²
s = (u+u+at)/2 × t = (2u+at)/2 × t
s = (2ut+at²)/2 = 2ut/2 + at²/2
or s = ut +½ at²
Learn more:
a = (v-u )/t
= (20 – 0 ) /10
= 2 m/s2
Solution: A) Let the position of the bus be PB and the position of the
car be PC. From s = ut +½ at², we have
Since the initial velocity of the bus, u = 0, hence we have PB = ½ (8)t²
And PC = velocity × Time = 16×t. For the bus to overtake the car, we
must have: PB = PC
Hence, ½ (8)t² = 16×t. Therefore, t = 4s.
Your friend has been kidnapped by aliens and she is kept in a circular
moving object. You need to save her but don’t know how the thing
works. In order to save her, you must understand the mechanics of this
weird circular moving object so that you can defeat it. Let us help you
with the basics of uniform circular motion.
From the second point, an important result follows. Newton’s first law
of motion tells us that there can be no acceleration without a net force.
So there must be a force associated with the circular motion. In other
words, for the circular motion to take place a net force has to act on
the object. The change in direction is a result of a centripetal force.
Centripetal force is the force acting on a body in a circular path. It
points towards the centre around which the body is moving.
Time period (T) is the time taken by the ball to complete one
revolution. It is denoted by ‘T’. If ‘r’ is the radius of the circle of
motion, then in time ‘T’ our ball covers a distance = 2πr. Let us
assume the ball takes 3 seconds to complete one revolution. So T= 3
secs.
Frequency (f)
Centripetal Force
Angular Speed