FORMULA BOOKLET

Mathematics B

Topics
1. Numbers
2. Circle Theorem
3. Similarity
4. Congruency
5. Polygon
6. Trigonometry
7. Arithmetic
8. Sets
9. Matrix & Transformation
10. Vector
11. Kinematics
12. Probability
13. Mensuration
14. Coordinate Geometry

Prepared by Faisal Mizan

Senior teacher of Mathematics
 NUMBERS
1. Natural number : counting numbers. Example:

2. Integer : Positive and negative whole numbers.

Example:

Neutral Integer
3. Real number : Can be placed in number line. Example:

4. Unreal number: Cannot be placed in the number line Example:

5. Square number:

6. Cubic number:

7. Prime number : Integer starts from 2

Divisible by 1 & itself

Has exactly two factors. Note: 1 is not a prime number.

Example:
Factor of 6
8. Factors of :

9. Multiples of :

10. Even numbers: Multiple of 6

11. Odd numbers:

12. Rational Number : A number that can be converted into fraction of integers .

Example:

= = = =

13. Irrational Number : A number that cannot be converted into fraction of integers .

14. Product of prime factors: [Example]

2 48 2 80
2 24 2 40
2 12 2 20
2 6 2 10
3 5

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 CIRCLE THEOREM

Reflex

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 SIMILARITY
1. If three angles equal, triangles are similar.
2. If two angles equal, 3rd angle automatically is equal.
3. Opposite sides of equal angles are corresponding sides, and .
4.

5.

6. ,

7.

CONGRUENCY

POLYGON

A regular polygon has all sides equal and all interior angles equal

For a -sided polygon:

Sum of all exterior angles (Regular + Irregular polygon)

Sum of all interior angles (Regular + Irregular polygon)

Each exterior angle (Regular polygon only)

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 Each interior angle (Regular polygon only)

Sum of an exterior angle and an interior angle

Naming of polygons:

3-sided: Triangle 4-sided: Quadrilateral 5-sided: Pentagon 6-sided: Hexagon

7-sided: Heptagon 8-sided: Octagon 9-sided: Nonagon 10-sided: Decagon

TRIGONOMETRY
SOH CAH TOA
For a right-angled triangle, :

Opposite

Adjacent

SINE RULE

COSINE RULE

To find the length of a side To find an angle when all three sides are given

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 BEARING

The bearing of a point from another point is:

an angle measured from the north at ,
in a clockwise direction.
Example: The bearing of from is .
The bearing of from is .

ELEVATION DEPRESSION
1. Angle of Elevation line of sight above horizontal line.
2. Angle of Depression line of sight below horizontal line.

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 ARITHMETIC
Ratio:

If the amount is divided between , and in the ratio

Share of , Share of Share of

Percentage:

1. Profit = sale price cost price

2. Loss = cost price sale price

3. Percentage profit =

4. Percentage loss =

5. Percentage increase =

6. of compared with

Speed, Distance, Time:

1. (i) distance = speed time (ii) speed = (iii) time =

2. If there are two part of the journey and speed of the part, distance of part,

time of part, speed of the part, distance of part, time of part,

average speed of the whole journey, distance of the whole journey, time of whole
journey.

Map Scale:

1. Scale of a map = (map distance): (actual distance)

2. Scale of a map is written in the form , where is map distance ratio and is actual distance
ratio.

3. , where map distance and actual distance

4. where map area and actual area

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 SETS
1. Notation:

Number of elements in set

,
Intersection

,
Union

Universal set

,
Complement of set

,
Null set/Empty set

Is an element of
, ,

, ,
Is a subset of
, and

2. All possible subsets:

If , subsets of are: , , , , , , , .
Both and are subsets of .

3 rules:

4. Subset:

Isosceles Right-
Acute
angled
Scalene
Equilateral
Obtuse

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 Parallelogram

Rhombus

Rectangle
Rhombus all sides equal.
Square
Rectangle all angles equal.
Square all angles , all sides equal.
Parallelogram opposite sides parallel.
Kite
Kite one line symmetry.
Quadrilateral
Trapezium one pair of parallel sides.

Trapezium Triangle

Real,
Rational,
Integer,
is the set of natural numbers or
Natural, positive integers .
is the set of integers
.
is the set of rational numbers.
, , is the set of real numbers.
, ,

5. Description of a Venn diagram:

.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

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 MATRIX

1. Multiplication by a scalar

2. Addition of matrix

3. Subtraction of matrix

4. Multiplication of matrix

5. If two matrices have order and , they can be multiplied if and the order of
the resultant matrix will be .

6. Equal matrix
, , , .

7. Determinant of is .

8. Inverse of is . If , the matrix has no inverse.

9. Identity matrix:

10. If any matrix is multiplied by identity matrix, the matrix remains same, i.e., .
The product of inverse matrix and original matrix is identity matrix i.e., ,
where .

MATRIX TRANSFORMATION

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5. Identification of transformation and their fully description:

Transformation Identification Need to describe fully

Enlargement Change of area or change of side-length Centre and scale factor
Translation Change of position without rotation Vector
Corresponding object image joining
Reflection Equation of reflection line
lines are parallel
Corresponding object image joining
rotation lines intersects at the same point, which Centre
is the centre of rotation
Other rotation The remaining are other rotation Angle, direction and centre

6. For Rotation Enlargement, .

7. How to find unknown matrix?

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Case 2: For known transformation, use the following matrices.

Transformation Matrix

Rotation , anticlockwise, centre

Rotation , clockwise, centre (0, 0)

Rotation ,centre (0, 0)

Reflection in axis

Reflection in axis

Reflection in

Reflection in

Enlargement, scale factor , centre

8. For anti-clockwise rotation

11. means is transformed by , followed by , followed by .

12.

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 VECTOR
1 Column Vector: 6 Show that :
or Use the following steps:
Step 1: (constant)
Step 2:
Unit Vector of :
between and -axis:
2 . 7 Show , and lie on a straight line
(collinear).
. Step 1: (constant)
Step 2:
Step 3: Since is common, therefore ,
and lie on a straight line.
3 If , 8 Given , and are collinear (or
parallel), find .
o ------------ (i)
Step 1:
o ------------ (ii)
Find and .
If ,
Step 2: Use shortcut to find .
o Or otherwise,
o ------------ (i)
o ------------ (ii) ------------ (i)
o Shortcut: ------------ (ii)
4 Position Vector: 9 For two geometrical properties of
means . and :
In terms of position vector: Use the following steps:
Step 1: Ratio -
o
o (constant)

Example: Given and . Step 2: Properties -

.
Find .
(ii) .
.

.
5 Show that is a parallelogram: 10 Ratio example:
Either prove Given and .
is a parallelogram. Find .
Or prove
is a parallelogram.

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 11 Area Ratio:

KINEMATICS
1. time = , distance/displacement = , acceleration/retardation = , velocity/speed = .

2. , or ,

3. For the maximum or minimum value of , or .

4. For the maximum or minimum value of , .

5. If the particle comes to rest, .

6. If the particle comes to fixed point or fixed level, or .

7. Distance travelled in second = , [If , ].

8. Distance travelled in second = , [If , ].

9. Distance travelled in second = .

10. Distance travelled between and . [If there is no value of between

and for which ].

11. Distance travelled between and . [If there is a value of

between and for which ].

12. If speed is constant, distance = speed time

13. Rules of differentiation: , , , .

General rule:

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 PROBABILITY
number of , number of , number of , total number.

1. , ,

2. (i) , [If replaced] (ii) [If not replaced]

3. (i) [If replaced] (ii) [If not replaced]

4. (i) [If replaced] (ii) [If not replaced]

5. , and are arranged in the following ways:

, , , , , .

6. (i) [If replaced] (ii) [If not replaced]

7. For 2 draws, .

8. AND rule: .

9. OR rule: .

10. .

11. The probabilities of disc, ball, bead, sweet etc. may change or not according to replacement.

But probabilities of die, coin etc. always remain unchanged.

MENSURATION
1. Triangles

Area of

2. SINE RULE

COSINE RULE

For sides:
For angles:

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3. Area of Quadrilateral

Parallelogram Rhombus Kite Trapezium

i) i)
ii) ii)
iii)

4. Circle
Length Area

r r

Major arc

Minor arc

5. Sector and Arc

6. Area of polygon:

Step 1:

Step 2:

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7. Cylinder (solid) Cone (solid) Sphere Hemisphere (solid)

Pyramid Cuboid Cube

(Tetrahedron)

Prism

Cross Sections:

8. Volume of Liquid issued (speed in m/s)

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 COORDINATE GEOMETRY
(i) Length

(ii) Midpoint

(iii) Gradient

(iv) Co-ordinates of

(v) Equation of ,
To find gradient:

Case-1: Case-2: Case-3:

Gradient, m

(vi) For parallel lines, (vii) For perpendicular lines,

To find equation:

Case-1: Case-2:

For ,

For ,

Case-3: How to know if a point lies on the line or not

does not lie on the line

as when ,

lies on the line

as when ,

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(viii)

Area

(x)

For For

(xi)
For intersecting point ,
(i)
Solve equations (i) and (ii)

(ii)

(xii)
Tangent,

Normal,

Equation of tangent:
Equation of normal:

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