BCS-13 INTERNET & JAVA PROGRAMMING

Course Category: Department Core (DC) Pre-requisite Subject: NIL

Contact Hours/Week: Lecture: 3, Tutorial: 1, Practical: 2

Number of Credits: 5

Course Assessment Methods:

Continuous assessment through tutorials, attendance, home assignments, quizzes,
practical work, record, viva voce and Three Minor tests and One Major Theory & Practical
Examination
COURSE OUTCOMES
The students are expected to be able to demonstrate the following knowledge, skills
and attitudes after completing this course

•To identify different components of client server architecture on Internet

computing.
•Knowledge of how to develop and deploy applications and applets in JAVA.
•Knowledge of how to develop and deploy GUI using JAVA Swing and AWT.
•Design, develop and implement interactive web applications.
•Be able to implement, compile, test and run JAVA programs comprising more than
one class and to address a particular software problem.
•To understand the basic concepts of Internet services and related technologies.
• Develop programs using the JAVA Collection API as well as the JAVA standard
class library.
UNIT-I

Internet: Internet, Connecting to Internet: Telephone, Cable, Satellite Connection, Choosing

an ISP, Introduction to Internet Services, E-Mail Concepts, Sending and Receiving Secure E-
Mail, Voice and Video Conferencing.
INTERNET
• The Internet is a network of networks that connects computers all over the world.

• The Internet has its roots in the U.S. military, which funded a network in 1969, called the
ARPANET, to connect the computers at some of the colleges and universities where
military research took place. As more and more computers connected, the ARPANET was
replaced by the NSFNET, which was run by the National Science Foundation.

• By the late 1980s, the Internet had shed its military and research heritage and was
available for use by the general public..
CONNECTING to INTERNET: TELEPHONE,
CABLE, SATELLITE CONNECTION
Your computer is connected to the Internet if it is connected to another computer or
network that is connected to the Internet.

Several methods of connection are possible, requiring different kinds of hardware

• Dial-Up Internet Accounts
• ISDN, ADSL, and Leased Line Connections
• Cable and DSS Internet Accounts
• WebTV
• Intranets
 CHOOSING an ISP
To connect to the Internet by using a dial-up phone line, high-speed phone line, or leased
line, we first need to choose an ISP. (If we connect via cable, our cable company serves
as ISP. If we use WebTV, we can use WebTV as our ISP or choose a different ISP.)

• ISP Features
To choose an ISP, consider the following factors:
 Local phone number
 Price
 Software
 Support
 Speed
 Accessibility
INTRODUCTION to INTERNET SERVICES
Many services are available over the Internet, and the following are the most popular ones:

• E-mail
• Usenet newsgroups
• Online chat
• Voice and video conferencing
• The World Wide Web
• File transfer
E-MAIL CONCEPTS
E-mail is a means of communication. E-mail has its drawbacks too because e-mail lacks
the nuances of face-to-face or phone conversation, an e-mail message can be more easily
misunderstood than verbal communication.

• Receiving Incoming Messages

• Sending Outgoing Messages
• E-mail Security
• Reasons to Secure Messages
• Public Key Cryptography
SENDING AND RECEIVING SECURE E-MAIL
contd…
Two standard systems of public key cryptography used on the Internet to send and receive
secure e-mail are: Digital certificates and PGP.

 Digital certificates

 PGP
VOICE AND VIDEO CONFERENCING
A step beyond written messages is by adding voice and videoconferencing to our kit of
communication tools. Three programs for this are Microsoft NetMeeting, Netscape Conference, and
CU-SeeMe.

• Voice conferencing is talking to another person via the microphone and speakers connected to your
computer.

• Videoconferencing is sending our image and voice to one or more other people, through the camera
and microphone attached to computer, and receiving pictures and voices back.

• Need for Conferencing

Conferencing is becoming a popular business application, to connect a main office with
telecommuters, to meet with customers without incurring travel costs and time, and to keep branch
offices around the world in visual contact with each other.
VOICE AND VIDEO CONFERENCING contd…
• Limitations of video Conferencing

 Does the person you want to talk to have a computer and the hardware and software
required for conferencing?

 A computer isn’t as portable as cellular phone; will this lack of portability affect our
conferencing?

 Since both parties have to be using their computers at the same time, how will we
schedule our conversation?
VOICE AND VIDEO CONFERENCING contd…
• Equipments required for Conferencing

 Conferencing Hardware
Speakers, microphone, and a camera.

 Conferencing Software

Microsoft NetMeeting is included with Windows 98 and Internet Explorer 4.

Netscape Conference is included with Netscape Communicator
CU-SeeMe from White Pine Software
UNIT-II
Core JAVA: Introduction, Operator, Data type, Variable, Arrays, Control Statements, Methods
& Classes, Inheritance, Package and Interface, Exception Handling, Multithread
Programming, I/O, JAVA Applet, String Handling, Networking, Event Handling, Introduction
to AWT, AWT Controls, Layout Managers.
INTRODUCTION
Java is a programming language and a platform. Java is a high level, robust, object-oriented
and secure programming language. Java was developed by Sun Microsystems  (which is now
the subsidiary of Oracle) in the year 1995. James Gosling is known as the father of Java. Before
Java, its name was Oak. Since Oak was already a registered company, so James Gosling and
his team changed the Oak name to Java.
• Platform: Any hardware or software environment in which a program runs, is known as a
platform. Since Java has a runtime environment (JRE) and API, it is called a platform.
INTRODUCTION contd…

Java applications
According to Sun, 3 billion devices run Java. There are many devices where Java is
currently used. Some of them are
• Desktop Applications such as acrobat reader, media player, antivirus, etc.
• Web Applications such as irctc.co.in, javatpoint.com, etc.
• Enterprise Applications such as banking applications.
• Mobile
• Embedded System
• Smart Card
• Robotics
• Games, etc.
INTRODUCTION contd…

Types of Java Applications

There are mainly four types of applications that can be created using Java programming:
•Standalone Application
Standalone applications are also known as desktop applications or window-based applications.
Examples of standalone application are Media player, antivirus, etc.
AWT and Swing are used in Java for creating standalone applications.
•Web Application
An application that runs on the server side and creates a dynamic page is called a web
application.
Servlet, JSP, Struts, Spring, Hibernate, JSF, etc. technologies are used for creating web
applications in Java.
• Enterprise Application
An application that is distributed in nature, such as banking applications, etc. is called
enterprise application.
EJB is used for creating enterprise applications.
•Mobile Application
An application which is created for mobile devices is called a mobile application.
Android and Java ME are used for creating mobile applications.
INTRODUCTION contd…
Java Platforms / Editions
There are 4 platforms or editions of Java:
•Java SE (Java Standard Edition)
It is a Java programming platform. It includes Java programming APIs such as java.lang, java.io,
java.net, java.util, java.sql, java.math etc. It includes core topics like OOPs, String, Regex,
Exception, Inner classes, Multithreading, I/O Stream, Networking, AWT, Swing, Reflection,
Collection, etc.

•Java EE (Java Enterprise Edition)

It is an enterprise platform which is mainly used to develop web and enterprise applications. It
is built on the top of the Java SE platform. It includes topics like Servlet, JSP, Web Services, EJB,
 JPA, etc.

•Java ME (Java Micro Edition)

It is a micro platform which is mainly used to develop mobile applications.

•JavaFX
It is used to develop rich internet applications. It uses a light-weight user interface API.
INTRODUCTION contd…
Features of Java
The features of Java are also known as java buzzwords. A list of most important features
of Java language are
• Simple
• Object-Oriented
• Portable
• Platform independent
• Secured
• Robust
• Architecture neutral
• Interpreted
• High Performance
• Multithreaded
• Distributed
•
 INTRODUCTION contd…

public class  a
{  
    public static void main(String args[])
{  
   System.out.println("Hello Java");  
    }  
} 
To compile and run the above program, go to the current directory first c:\ Write here:
To Compile: javac a.java
To execute : java a
OPERATOR
Operator in Java is a symbol which is used to perform operations. For example: +, -, *, / etc.
There are many types of operators in Java which are given below:
• Unary Operator,
• Arithmetic Operator
• Shift Operator
• Relational Operator
• Bitwise Operator
• Logical Operator
• Ternary Operator
• Assignment Operator.
Data Types in Java
Data types specify the different sizes and values that can be stored in the variable.
There are two types of data types in Java:
• Primitive data types: These are the most basic data types available in Java language.
There are 8 types of primitive data types.The primitive data types include boolean, char,
byte, short, int, long, float and double.

• Non-primitive data types: The non-primitive data types include Classes, Interfaces,

and Arrays.
VAR
• Java Variables
A variable is a container which holds the value while the Java program is executed. A
variable is assigned with a data type. Variable is a name of memory location.

There are three types of variables in java.

 local variable
 instance variable
 static variable
VAR contd…

class a {  
int i=5 ; // instance variable  
static int j=6 ; // static variable  
void n ()
{  
int k= 7 ; // local variable  
}  
}
CONTROL STATEMENTS (If-Else)
The Java if statement is used to test the condition. It checks boolean condition:
 true or false.

There are various types of if statement in Java.

 if statement
 if-else statement
 if-else-if ladder
 nested if statement
 Java if Statement
CONTROL STATEMENTS(If-Else) contd…

The Java if statement tests the condition. It executes the if block if condition is true.
Syntax:
if(condition) {  
//code to be executed  
}  

The Java if-else statement also tests the condition. It executes the ‘if block’ if condition is
true otherwise else block is executed.
if(condition) {  
//code if condition is true  
}

else {  
//code if condition is false  
}  
CONTROL STATEMENTS (If-Else) contd…

if-else statement
public class a
{  
public static void main(String[] args) 
{  
   int n=10;  //defining a  variable  
     if(n%2==0)   //Check if the number is divisible by 2 or not  
{  
         System.out.println(“Even number");  
  }  
else
{  
System.out.println(“Odd number"); 
}  
}
}
CONTROL STATEMENTS (Switch)
The Java switch statement executes one statement from multiple conditions. It is like if-
else-if ladder statement.
Syntax:
switch(expression) {    
case value1:    
  //code to be executed;    
 break;  //optional  

case value2:    
  //code to be executed;    
 break;  //optional  
......    
    
default:     
 code to be executed if all cases are not matched;    
}    
CONTROL STATEMENTS (Switch) contd…

public class S 
{  
public static void main(String[] args) 
{      
    int n=1;   //Declaring a variable for switch
   switch(n)   //Switch expression  
{    
     case 1: System.out.println("10");    //Case statements  
    break;  

    case 2: System.out.println("20");  
   break;       
 
     default: System.out.println("Not 10 or 20");   //Default case statement 
      }  
}  
}  
LOOPS in JAVA
Loops are used to execute a set of instructions/functions repeatedly when some conditions become
true. There are three types of loops in Java.

• for loop
• while loop
• do-while loop

• for loop consists of four parts:

Initialization: It is the initial condition which is executed once when the loop starts.
Condition: It is the second condition which is executed each time to test the condition of the loop. It
continues execution until the condition is false. It is an optional condition.
Statement: The statement of the loop is executed each time until the second condition is false.
Increment/Decrement: It increments or decrements the variable value. It is an optional condition.
Syntax:
for(initialization;condition;incr/decr)
{  
//statement or code to be executed  
}  
 ARRAY
An array is a collection of similar type of elements which has contiguous memory location.

class arr
{  
public static void main(String args[])
{  
int a[]=new int[5]; //declaration and instantiation  
a[0]=2; //initialization  
a[1]=4;  
a[2]=6;  
a[3]=7;  
a[4]=3;  

for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++) //traversing an array  

System.out.println(a[i]);  //length is the property of an array  
 
}
}  
EXCEPTION HANDLING
The Exception Handling in Java is the mechanism to handle the runtime errors so that
normal flow of the application can be maintained e.g. ClassNotFoundException,
IOException, SQLException, RemoteException, etc.

• Exception handling using Java try-catch block

 EXCEPTION HANDLING contd…
class ex1
{
public static void main(String args[])
{ int a, b;
try
{ a = 0; // monitor a block of code.
b = 100 / a;
System.out.println("This will not be printed.");
}
catch(Exception e)
{ System.out.println("Exception is :"+ e); // catch divide-by-zero
error
}
System.out.println("After catch statement.");
}
 EXCEPTION HANDLING contd…
import java.util.Random; // Handle an exception and move on.
class er
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ int a=0, b=0, c=0;
Random r = new Random();
for(int i=0; i<10; i++)
{ try { b = r.nextInt();
c = r.nextInt();
a = 5 / (b/c);
}
catch (ArithmeticException e) { System.out.println("Division by zero.");
a = 0; // set a to zero and continue
} System.out.println("a: " + a);
}
}
MULTITHREAD PROGRAMMING
Multithreading in Java is a process of executing multiple threads simultaneously.A thread
is a lightweight sub-process, the smallest unit of processing. However, we use
multithreading than multiprocessing because threads use a shared memory area so saves
memory.

• Life cycle of a Thread (Thread States)

A thread can be in one of the five states.
 New
 Runnable
 Running
 Non-Runnable (Blocked)
 Terminated
MULTITHREAD PROGRAMMING contd…
• Creating Thread
There are two ways to create a thread:
 By extending Thread class
 By implementing Runnable interface.

 By extending Thread class

Thread class provide constructors and methods to create and perform operations on a
thread.
 By implementing Runnable interface.
The Runnable interface should be implemented by any class whose instances are intended
to be executed by a thread. Runnable interface have only one method named run().
public void run(): is used to perform action for a thread.

• Starting a thread:
start() method of Thread class is used to start a newly created thread.
MULTITHREAD PROGRAMMING contd…

• Priority of a Thread (Thread Priority):

Each thread has a priority. Priorities are represented by a number between 1 and 10. In
most cases, thread schedular schedules the threads according to their priority (known as
preemptive scheduling).

• Constants defined in Thread class:

 public static int MIN_PRIORITY

 public static int NORM_PRIORITY
 public static int MAX_PRIORITY

Default priority of a thread is 5 (NORM_PRIORITY). The value of MIN_PRIORITY is 1 and the

value of MAX_PRIORITY is 10.
MULTITHREAD PROGRAMMING contd…
class d extends Thread
{ public void run()
{ for(int i=1;i<=5;i++)
{
System.out.println(i);
if(i==2)
try{
sleep(500);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
}
}
}
}
MULTITHREAD PROGRAMMING contd…

class e extends Thread

{
public void run()
{
for(int j=1;j<=5;j++)
{
System.out.println("hello");
if(j==3)
stop();
}
}
}
MULTITHREAD PROGRAMMING contd…

class ct
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
d objd=new d();
e obje=new e();

objd.start();
obje.start();
}
}
MULTITHREAD PROGRAMMING contd…
class c implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
System.out.println("thread is running...");
}

public static void main(String args[])

{
c objc=new c();
Thread t1 =new Thread(objc);
t1.start();
}
}
MULTITHREAD PROGRAMMING contd…
class cu
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
d objd=new d();
e obje=new e();

objd.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
obje.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);

objd.start();
obje.start();
}
}
 I/O
Java I/O (Input and Output) is used to process the input and produce the output . Java
uses the concept of a stream to make I/O operation fast. The java.io package
contains all the classes required for input and output operations . File handling in
Java is done by Java I/O API.
• Java FileInputStream Class
Java FileInputStream class obtains input bytes from a file. It is used for reading byte-
oriented data (streams of raw bytes) such as image data, audio, video etc

• Java FileOutputStream Class

Java FileOutputStream class is an output stream used for writing data to a file.

• Java Scanner
Scanner class in Java is found in the java.util package. Java provides various ways to
read input from the keyboard. 

• Java Command Line Arguments

The java command-line argument is an argument i.e. passed at the time of running
I/O contd…
import java.io.*;
public class io
{ public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException
{ FileInputStream i = null;
FileOutputStream o = null;
try { i = new FileInputStream("a.txt");
o = new FileOutputStream("b.txt");
int c;
while ((c = i.read()) != -1)
{ o.write(c); }
}
finally { if (i != null)
{ i.close(); }
if (o != null) { o.close(); }
} }
}
I/O contd…
import java.util.*;
class uin
{ public static void main(String args[])
{
String a;
int b;
float c;
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter a string: ");
a = s.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter an integer: ");
b = s.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter a float number: ");
c = s.nextFloat();
}
}
I/O contd…
class cmdl{
public static void main(String args[]){

for(int i=0;i<args.length;i++)
System.out.println(args[i]);

}
}
JAVA APPLET
Applet is a special type of program that is embedded in the webpage to generate the
dynamic content. It runs inside the browser and works at client side.

• Lifecycle of Java Applet

 Applet is initialized.
 Applet is started.
 Applet is painted.
 Applet is stopped.
 Applet is destroyed
JAVA APPLET contd…
• Displaying Graphics in Applet

Commonly used methods of Graphics class:

public abstract void drawString(String str, int x, int y): is used to draw the specified string.

public void drawRect(int x, int y, int width, int height): draws a rectangle with the specified width and
height.
public abstract void fillRect(int x, int y, int width, int height): is used to fill rectangle with the default color
and specified width and height.

public abstract void drawOval(int x, int y, int width, int height): is used to draw oval with the specified
width and height.
public abstract void fillOval(int x, int y, int width, int height): is used to fill oval with the default color and
specified width and height.
JAVA APPLET contd…

public abstract void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2): is used to draw line between the
points(x1, y1) and (x2, y2).

public abstract boolean drawImage(Image img, int x, int y, ImageObserver observer): is used
draw the specified image.

public abstract void drawArc(int x, int y, int width, int height, int startAngle, int arcAngle): is used
draw a circular or elliptical arc.
public abstract void fillArc(int x, int y, int width, int height, int startAngle, int arcAngle): is used to
fill a circular or elliptical arc.

public abstract void setColor(Color c): is used to set the graphics current color to the specified
color.

public abstract void setFont(Font font): is used to set the graphics current font to the specified
font.
JAVA APPLET contd…

import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class ap extends Applet
{

public void paint(Graphics g)

{
g.drawString("welcome",150,150);
}
}
/* <applet code="ap.class" width="300" height="300"> </applet> */
JAVA APPLET contd…
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;
public class gr extends Applet{ public void paint(Graphics g){
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawString("Welcome",50, 50);
g.drawLine(20,30,20,300);
g.drawRect(70,100,30,30);
g.fillRect(170,100,30,30);
g.drawOval(70,200,30,30);
g.setColor(Color.pink);
g.fillOval(170,200,30,30);
g.drawArc(90,150,30,30,30,270);
g.fillArc(270,150,30,30,0,180);
} }
/* <applet code="g.class" width="300" height="300"> </applet> */
 STRING HANDLING
Java String
In Java, string is basically an object that represents sequence of char values.
• Char Array
An array of characters works same as Java string. 
• new keyword
 JVM will create a new string object in normal (non-pool) heap memory.
• String Literal
Java String literal is created by using double quotes.
• String compare by == operator
The = = operator compares references not values.
• String Concatenation by + (string concatenation) operator
Java string concatenation operator (+) is used to add strings
 STRING HANDLING contd..
• Java String class methods
The java.lang.String class provides methods to work on string. By the help of these
methods, we can perform operations on string such as trimming, concatenating, converting,
comparing, replacing strings etc.

 Java String toUpperCase() method

 The java string toUpperCase() method converts the string into uppercase letter .

 Java toLowerCase() method

The java stringstring toLowerCase()  method converts the string into lowercase letter.

 Java String length() method

The string length() method returns length of the string.
 STRING HANDLING contd..

 Java Substring method

Substring is a subset of another string.

 Java String indexOf() method

The java string indexOf() method returns index of given character value or substring. If it is
not found, it returns -1. The index counter starts from zero.

 Java String charAt() method

The string charAt() method returns a character at specified index.

 Java String replace() method

The string replace() method replaces all occurrence of first sequence of character with
second sequence of character.
 STRING HANDLING contd..

 Java String reverse() method

The reverse() method used to replace the character sequence by the reverse of the
sequence.

 Java String compare by equals() method

The String equals() method compares the original content of the string.

 Java String concat method

The java string concat() method combines specified string at the end of this string. It
returns combined string
STRING HANDLING contd…
class st
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ char a[] = {'j', 'a', 'v','a' };
String s3 = new String(a);
System.out.println(s3+"\n");
String s1="Java";
String s2="programming";
System.out.println(s1.toUpperCase());
System.out.println(s1.toLowerCase());
System.out.println(s1.length());
System.out.println(s1.substring(3));
System.out.println(s1.indexOf('j'));
System.out.println(s1.charAt(1));
System.out.println(s1.replace('j','k'));
STRING HANDLING contd…

StringBuffer s4 = new StringBuffer("cobol");

System.out.println(s4.reverse());

System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));
System.out.println(s1==s2);
System.out.println(s1+" "+s2);
System.out.println(s1.concat(s2));
}
}
NETWORKING
Java Networking is a concept of connecting two or more computing devices together so
that we can share resources. Java socket programming provides facility to share data
between different computing devices.
• IP Address
IP address is a unique number assigned to a node of a network e.g. 192.168.0.1 . It is
composed of octets that range from 0 to 255.It is a logical address that can be changed.
• java.net package
The java.net package provides classes to deal with networking applications in Java.
e.g. InetAddress class
NETWORKING contd…
• Java InetAddress class
Java InetAddress class represents an IP address. An IP address is represented by 32-bit
(IPV4)or 128-bit (IPV6) unsigned number. 

 Commonly used methods of InetAddress class are

Method Description

public static InetAddress getByName(String host) It returns the instance of InetAddress containing
throws UnknownHostException LocalHost IP and name.

public static InetAddress getLocalHost() throws It returns the instance of InetAdddress containing
UnknownHostException local host name and address.

public String getHostName() it returns the host name of the IP address.

public String getHostAddress() it returns the IP address in string format.

NETWORKING contd…

import java.net.*;
class nw
{ public static void main(String args[]) throws UnknownHostException
{ InetAddress ad = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(ad);
ad = InetAddress.getByName("www.yahoo.com");
System.out.println(ad);
InetAddress a[] = InetAddress.getAllByName("www.yahoo.com");
for (int i=0; i<a.length; i++)
System.out.println(a[i]);
}
}
 EVENT HANDLING
Changing the state of an object is known as an event. For example, click on button,
dragging mouse etc. The java.awt.event package provides many event classes and
Listener interfaces for event handling.

EVENT CLASSES LISTENER INTERFACES

ActionEvent ActionListener
MouseEvent MouseListener and MouseMotionListener
MouseWheelEvent MouseWheelListener

KeyEvent KeyListener
ItemEvent ItemListener
TextEvent TextListener
AdjustmentEvent AdjustmentListener

WindowEvent WindowListener
ComponentEvent ComponentListener

ContainerEvent ContainerListener

FocusEvent FocusListener
EVENT HANDLING contd…
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class evh
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ Frame f=new Frame();
TextField t=new TextField();
t.setBounds(50,50, 150,20);
Button b=new Button("click me");
b.setBounds(50,100,60,30);
b.addActionListener ( new ActionListener()
{ public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{ t.setText("Welcome to Java");
}
}
);
f.add(b); f.add(t); f.setSize(300,300); f.setLayout(null); f.setVisible(true);
}
}
INTRODUCTION TO AWT
Java AWT(Abstract Window Toolkit)
It is an API to develop GUI or window-based applications in Java. The java.
awt package provides classes for AWT API such as TextField, Label, TextArea, RadioButton,
 CheckBox, Choice, List etc.
INTRODUCTION TO
AWT contd…

• Java AWT Hierarchy

The hierarchy of Java AWT classes
are as
INTRODUCTION TO AWT contd…
 Container
The Container is a component in AWT that can contain another components like buttons,
textfields, labels etc.

 Window
The window is the container that have no borders and menu bars. You must use frame, dialog or
another window for creating a window.

 Panel
The Panel is the container that doesn't contain title bar and menu bars. It can have other
components like button, textfield etc

 Frame
The Frame is the container that contain title bar and can have menu bars. It can have other
components like button, textfield etc.
AWT CONTROLS
• Frame
• Label
• Button
• TextField
• TextArea
• Checkbox
• CheckboxGroup

 Frame
The Frame is the container that contain title bar and can have menu bars. It can have other
components like button, textfield etc.
Frame f=new Frame ( ) ;  
AWT CONTROLS contd…

 Label
The object of Label class is a component for placing text in a container. It is used to display
a single line of read only text.
Label l=new Label("First Label.");  

 Button
The button class is used to create a labeled button that h.as platform independent implementation.
Button b=new Button("click me");

 TextField
The object of a TextField class is a text component that allows the editing of a single line text.
TextField t =new TextField("Enter your name:");
AWT CONTROLS contd…

 TextArea
The object of a TextArea class is a multi line region that displays text. It allows the editing of multiple
line text.
TextArea a =new TextArea("Enter your name:");

 Checkbox
The Checkbox class is used to create a checkbox. It is used to turn an option on (true) or off (false)
Checkbox c =new Checkbox("Java");

 CheckboxGroup
The object of CheckboxGroup class is used to group together a set of Checkbox. At a time only one
check box button is allowed to be in "on" state and remaining check box button in "off" state. 
CheckboxGroup c1= new CheckboxGroup();
AWT CONTROLS contd…
import java.awt.*;
class fr
{
fr()
{ Frame f=new Frame();
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
fr f=new fr();
}
}
AWT CONTROLS contd…
import java.awt.*;
class la
{ la()
{ Frame f=new Frame();
Label l=new Label("First label");
l.setBounds(30,100,80,30);
f.add(l);
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{ la f=new la();
}
}
AWT CONTROLS contd…

import java.awt.*;
class bu
{
bu()
{ Frame f=new Frame();
Button b=new Button("click me");
b.setBounds(30,100,80,30); // setting button position
f.add(b); //adding button into frame
f.setSize(300,300); //frame size 300 width and 300 height
f.setLayout(null); //no layout manager
f.setVisible(true); //now frame will be visible, by default not visible
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
bu f =new bu();
}
}
AWT CONTROLS contd…
import java.awt.*;
class tf
{ tf()
{ Frame f=new Frame();
TextField t =new TextField("Enter your name:");
t.setBounds(50,100,200,30);
f.add(t);
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{ tf f=new tf();
}}
AWT CONTROLS contd…
import java.awt.*;
class ta
{ ta()
{ Frame f=new Frame();
TextArea a =new TextArea("Enter your name:");
a.setBounds(10,30, 300,300);
f.add(a);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{ ta f =new ta();
}}
AWT CONTROLS contd…
import java.awt.*;
class cb
{ cb()
{ Frame f=new Frame();
Checkbox c =new Checkbox("Java");
c.setBounds(10,30, 300,300);
f.add(c);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{ cb f =new cb();
}}
AWT CONTROLS contd…
import java.awt.*;
class cbgp
{ cbgp()
{ Frame f=new Frame();
CheckboxGroup c1= new CheckboxGroup();
Checkbox c2 =new Checkbox("Java",c1,true);
c2.setBounds(10,30, 300,300);
f.add(c2);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{ cbgp f =new cbgp();
LAYOUT MANAGERS
The LayoutManagers are used to arrange components in a particular manner. 

• There are following classes that represents the layout managers:

 java.awt.BorderLayout
 java.awt.FlowLayout
 java.awt.GridLayout
 java.awt.CardLayout
 java.awt.GridBagLayout
 javax.swing.BoxLayout
 javax.swing.GroupLayout
 javax.swing.ScrollPaneLayout
 javax.swing.SpringLayout etc.
LAYOUT MANAGERS contd…
 FlowLayout
The FlowLayout is used to arrange the components in a line, one after another (in a flow). It
is the default layout of applet or panel.
f.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));

 GridLayout
The GridLayout is used to arrange the components in rectangular grid. One component is
displayed in each rectangle.
f.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2));

 BorderLayout
The BorderLayout is used to arrange the components in five regions: north, south, east,
west and center. Each region (area) may contain one component only. It is the default
layout of frame or window.
f.add(b1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
LAYOUT MANAGERS contd…
 CardLayout
The CardLayout class manages the components in such a manner that only one
component is visible at a time.
card=new CardLayout(40,30);

 GridBagLayout
The Java GridBagLayout class is used to align components vertically, horizontally or along
their baseline.
GridBagLayout layout = new GridBagLayout();

 BoxLayout
The BoxLayout is used to arrange the components either vertically or horizontally.
setLayout (new BoxLayout(this, BoxLayout.X_AXIS));
LAYOUT MANAGERS contd…
import java.awt.*;
class fl
{ fl()
{ Frame f=new Frame();
Button b1=new Button("1");
Button b2=new Button("2");
Button b3=new Button("3");
f.add(b1);
f.add(b2);
f.add(b3);
f.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT)); //setting flow layout of right
alignment
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setVisible(true); }
public static void main(String[] args)
Thank You