Scribd
Upload
141 views

Unit-4 Operating System

An operating system (OS) acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware. It allows users to communicate with the computer without having to understand its language. The OS helps applications like browsers and office software to run by providing an environment and managing resources like memory, processors, files and devices. Some key functions of the OS include process management, memory management, file management, I/O management and security. Popular types of OS include batch, multi-tasking, real-time, distributed and mobile operating systems.

Uploaded by

Sandhya Kandikatla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
141 views

Unit-4 Operating System

An operating system (OS) acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware. It allows users to communicate with the computer without having to understand its language. The OS helps applications like browsers and office software to run by providing an environment and managing resources like memory, processors, files and devices. Some key functions of the OS include process management, memory management, file management, I/O management and security. Popular types of OS include batch, multi-tasking, real-time, distributed and mobile operating systems.

Uploaded by

Sandhya Kandikatla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

What is an Operating System?

An Operating System (OS) is a software that acts as an interface between computer hardware
components and the user. Every computer system must have at least one operating system to run
other programs. Applications like Browsers, MS Office, Notepad Games, etc., need some
environment to run and perform its tasks.

The OS helps you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the
computer's language. It is not possible for the user to use any computer or mobile device without
having an operating system.

Introduction to Operating System

History Of OS

 Operating systems were first developed in the late 1950s to manage tape storage
 The General Motors Research Lab implemented the first OS in the early 1950s for their
IBM 701
 In the mid-1960s, operating systems started to use disks
 In the late 1960s, the first version of the Unix OS was developed
 The first OS built by Microsoft was DOS. It was built in 1981 by purchasing the 86-DOS
software from a Seattle company
 The present-day popular OS Windows first came to existence in 1985 when a GUI was
created and paired with MS-DOS.

Types of Operating System (OS)

Following are the popular types of Operating System:

 Batch Operating System


 Multitasking/Time Sharing OS
 Multiprocessing OS
 Real Time OS
 Distributed OS
 Network OS
 Mobile OS

Batch Operating System

Some computer processes are very lengthy and time-consuming. To speed the same process, a
job with a similar type of needs are batched together and run as a group.

The user of a batch operating system never directly interacts with the computer. In this type of
OS, every user prepares his or her job on an offline device like a punch card and submit it to the
computer operator.

Multi-Tasking/Time-sharing Operating systems

Time-sharing operating system enables people located at a different terminal(shell) to use a


single computer system at the same time. The processor time (CPU) which is shared among
multiple users is termed as time sharing.

Real time OS

A real time operating system time interval to process and respond to inputs is very small.
Examples: Military Software Systems, Space Software Systems are the Real time OS example.

Distributed Operating System

Distributed systems use many processors located in different machines to provide very fast
computation to its users.

Network Operating System

Network Operating System runs on a server. It provides the capability to serve to manage data,
user, groups, security, application, and other networking functions.

Mobile OS

Mobile operating systems are those OS which is especially that are designed to power
smartphones, tablets, and wearables devices.

Some most famous mobile operating systems are Android and iOS, but others include
BlackBerry, Web, and watchOS.

Functions of Operating System

Below are the main functions of Operating System:


Fu
nctions of Operating System

In an operating system software performs each of the function:

1. Process management:- Process management helps OS to create and delete processes. It


also provides mechanisms for synchronization and communication among processes.

2. Memory management:- Memory management module performs the task of allocation


and de-allocation of memory space to programs in need of this resources.

3. File management:- It manages all the file-related activities such as organization storage,
retrieval, naming, sharing, and protection of files.

4. Device Management: Device management keeps tracks of all devices. This module also
responsible for this task is known as the I/O controller. It also performs the task of
allocation and de-allocation of the devices.

5. I/O System Management: One of the main objects of any OS is to hide the peculiarities
of that hardware devices from the user.

6. Secondary-Storage Management: Systems have several levels of storage which


includes primary storage, secondary storage, and cache storage. Instructions and data
must be stored in primary storage or cache so that a running program can reference it.

7. Security:- Security module protects the data and information of a computer system
against malware threat and authorized access.

8. Command interpretation: This module is interpreting commands given by the and


acting system resources to process that commands.

9. Networking: A distributed system is a group of processors which do not share memory,


hardware devices, or a clock. The processors communicate with one another through the
network.
10. Job accounting: Keeping track of time & resource used by various job and users.

11. Communication management: Coordination and assignment of compilers, interpreters,


and another software resource of the various users of the computer systems.

Features of Operating System (OS)

Here is a list important features of OS:

 Protected and supervisor mode


 Allows disk access and file systems Device drivers Networking Security
 Program Execution
 Memory management Virtual Memory Multitasking
 Handling I/O operations
 Manipulation of the file system
 Error Detection and handling
 Resource allocation
 Information and Resource Protection

Advantage of using Operating System

 Allows you to hide details of hardware by creating an abstraction


 Easy to use with a GUI
 Offers an environment in which a user may execute programs/applications
 The operating system must make sure that the computer system convenient to use
 Operating System acts as an intermediary among applications and the hardware
components
 It provides the computer system resources with easy to use format
 Acts as an intermediator between all hardware's and software's of the system
Disadvantages of using Operating System

 If any issue occurs in OS, you may lose all the contents which have been stored in your
system
 Operating system's software is quite expensive for small size organization which adds
burden on them. Example Windows
 It is never entirely secure as a threat can occur at any time

You might also like