Lab 1

Declaring, Initializing, and Using Variables

Objectives
Upon completion of this lab, you should be able to:
● Complete review questions
● Perform variable declarations in a class
● Perform type casting and use operators in a Java technology
program

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Lab Overview

Lab Overview
In this lab, you complete review questions and two exercises.
● In the first exercise, you create a Java class containing variable
declarations.
● In the second exercise, you write a Java technology program in
which you use operators and perform type casting.

1-2 Fundamentals of the Java™ Programming Language

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 Completing Review Questions

Completing Review Questions

Complete the following questions:
1. State whether the following statements are true or false:
a. There are eight primitive types built into the Java programming
language.
b. In the Java programming language, the variable names
intgrade and intGrade are the same.
c. byte, short, int and long are the four integral primitive types in
the Java programming language.
d. A boolean type variable holds true, false and nil.
2. Which answer best describes the following variable declaration:
final double PI = 3.14159;
a. This is the value assignment for an integral primitive type.
b. The name of the variable is a Java programming language
keyword.
c. The variable is a constant.
d. The variable is incorrectly named, according to the naming
guidelines.
3. Which of the following operations correctly illustrate operator
precedence in the following calculation
X = 1 + 2 * 5 -8 +6 / 7 * 4;
a. (1 + 2) * (5 - 8) + (6 / (7 * 4))
b. 1 + (2 * 5) - 8 + ((6 / 7) * 4)
c. (1 + 2) * (5 - ((8 + 6) / (7 * 4)))
d. 1 + (2 * (5 - 8)) + ((6 / 7) * 4)

Declaring, Initializing, and Using Variables 1-3

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Completing Review Questions

4. Examine the following code, and select the correct output after
execution:
int a = 5;
int b = ++a;
System.out.println("a = "+ a + "and b = "+ b);
a. a = 5 and b = 5
b. a = 5 and b = 6
c. a = 6 and b = 6
d. a = 6 and b = 5

1-4 Fundamentals of the Java™ Programming Language

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 Exercise 1: Using Primitive Type Variables in a Program

Exercise 1: Using Primitive Type Variables in a Program

In this exercise, you create a class containing variable declarations.

Preparation
Ensure that CustomerTest.java files exists in the
SL110/exercises/04_variables/exercise1 directory.

Task – Creating a Class With Variables

In this task, you compile and execute a Customer class with several
variables.

Complete the following steps to create your Customer class:.

1. Go to the SL110/exercises/04_variables/exercise1 directory.
2. Open a text editor, and create a file in this directory called
Customer.java.
3. In the Customer.java file, write a class called Customer that creates
and assigns default values to the variables for the following
information (use constants if appropriate):
● A customer ID
● The customer status of ‘N’ for new or ‘O’ for old
● Total purchases for the year
4. Create a method within the class called displayCustomerInfo that
uses the System.out.println method to print each value to the
screen with a corresponding label (such as "Purchases are: ").
5. Compile and run the program using the provided CustomerTest
class file.

Note – All of the examples and exercises in this course require a test class.
In most situations, the test class is provided. However, in some situations,
you will create the class.

6. Check the output to be sure that it contains the values you assigned

Declaring, Initializing, and Using Variables 1-5

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Exercise 2: Using Operators and Type Casting

Exercise 2: Using Operators and Type Casting

The objective of this exercise is to give you practice using operators and
type casting.

This exercise has three tasks. In each of the tasks you create one Java
technology program, compile it, and test it.

This exercise consists of the following tasks:

● “Task 1 – Calculating Age Using Operators”
● “Task 2 – Using Casting to Prevent Data Loss”
● “Task 3 – Creating a Temperature Program”

Preparation
Ensure that the PersonTest.java, OrderTest.java, and
TemperatureTest.java files exists in the
SL110/exercises/04_variables/exercise2 directory.

Task 1 – Calculating Age Using Operators

In this task, you use operators to calculate age in minutes and
milliseconds.

Follow these steps to create a Person class that calculates various ages:
1. Open a terminal window and go to the
SL110/exercises/04_variables/exercise directory.
2. Open a text editor and create a Person class in a file.
3. Add the following code to your Person class:
a. Create member variables to store age in years, days, minutes,
seconds, and milliseconds.
b. Set an initial value of 1 to the variable which stores the age in
years.

1-6 Fundamentals of the Java™ Programming Language

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 Exercise 2: Using Operators and Type Casting

Note – Ensure that you assign the correct data types for each variable and
provide meaningful names to all the variables.

c. Create a calculateAge method in the Person class.

d. In the method, calculate the age in days, minutes, seconds, and
milliseconds and assign the new values to the corresponding
member variables.
e. In the method, print out all the ages in various units, each in a
separate line with an appropriate message. For example: “You
are 31536000 seconds old”.
f. Save and close the Person.java file.
g. Compile the Person.java and PersonTest.java files. Remove
the compilation errors if any and recompile.
h. Test the program using the PersonTest class.
i. Perform tests, by setting the value of age as 1, 24, and 80 in the
Person class.

Note – For one year, the results should be: You are 365 days old. You are
31536000 seconds old. You are 525600 minutes old. You are 31536000000
milliseconds old. For 24 years, the results should be: You are 8760 days
old. You are 756864000 seconds old. You are 12614400 minutes old. You
are 756864000000 milliseconds old.

Task 2 – Using Casting to Prevent Data Loss

In this task, you use casting to ensure that data loss does not occur in your
programs.

Perform the following steps:

1. Create a class called Order that contains three member variables as
follows:
a. long orderValue=0
b. int itemQuantity=10000000
c. int itemPrice=555500
2. Create a calculateTotal method that will calculate the total order
value and print it. Ensure that you type cast the result of the
multiplication before storing it in order value.

Declaring, Initializing, and Using Variables 1-7

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Exercise 2: Using Operators and Type Casting

3. Save and close the Order.java file.

4. Compile Order.java and OrderTest.java file.
5. Test the program by running OrderTest.class file. Verify the result
of orderValue by performing the calculation in a calculator.
6. Open Order.java and remove and type casting done in the
calculateTotal method. Save and close the file.
7. Recompile Order.java file and run the OrderTest class again.
8. Compare the current result of orderValue with the one obtained in
Step 5.
9. Test the program by replacing the value of the integer member
variables of Order class by:
a. One-digit int types
b. Five-digit int types
c. Nine-digit int types
Ensure that you get the same result with the program as you do
when doing each calculation using a calculator.

Task 3 – Creating a Temperature Program

In this task, you write a program to convert temperature from fahrenheit
to Celsius.

Write code to complete the following steps:

1. Create a Temperature class with a member variable which stores the
temperature in fahrenheit. Declare the variable with an appropriate
data type, such as int, float, or double.
2. Create a calculateCelsius method.
3. In the calculateCelsius method, use the following information to
convert the temperature value from fahrenheit to Celsius.
● To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32, multiply by
5, and divide by 9.
4. Test the program using the TemperatureTest class.
5. Ensure that you get the same result with the program as you do
when doing the calculation using a calculator.
6. Test the program using several values of temperature.

1-8 Fundamentals of the Java™ Programming Language

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 Exercise Summary

Exercise Summary
Take a few minutes to identify what experiences, issues, or discoveries
you had during the lab exercises.
● Experiences
● Interpretations
● Conclusions
● Applications

Declaring, Initializing, and Using Variables 1-9

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