LINKED
LIST
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Array Vs Linked List
• Array
– Arrays have fixed size
– Data must be shifted during insertions and
deletions
• Linked list
– Linked list is able to grow in size as needed
– Does not require the shifting of items during
insertions and deletions
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Anatomy of a linked list
• A linked list consists of:
– A sequence of nodes
start
a b c d
– Each node contains a value
– and a link (pointer or reference) to some
other node
– The last node contains a null link
– The list may (or may not) have a header
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More terminology
• Null pointer
• External pointer
• Empty List
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Operations on Linked Lists
• Creation
• Traversal
• Insert a new item
– At the head of the list, or
– At the tail of the list, or
– Inside the list, in some designated position
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• Delete an item from the list
– Search for and locate the item, then remove the
item, and finally adjust the surrounding pointers
• Search for an item in the list
– The item can be specified by position, or by some
value
• Concatenation
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Types of Linked List
• Basically, we can put LL into following four types:
– Singly-Linked List
– Doubly-Linked List
– Circular Linked List
– Circular Doubly Linked List
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Singly-linked lists
• Here is a singly-linked list (SLL):
start
a b c d
• Each node contains a value and a link to its successor
(the last node has no successor)
• The header points to the first node in the list (or
contains the null link if the list is empty)
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Creation
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Traversal
ptr
head
one two three
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Insertion at the beginning
new Zero
head
one two three
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Insertion at the end
new Three
head
one two
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Insertion at a specified
position
new three
head
one two four
keynode
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Deletion from Beginning
• Algorithm DELETE_SL_FRONT (HEAD)
• Input: Head pointer
• Output: A list eliminating the node from the front
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Steps:
1. Ptr = head
2. If (ptr = NULL) then
1. Print “The list is empty”
2. Exit
3. Else
1. p = ptr. Link
2. Head = p
3. Free (ptr)
4. End if
5. Stop
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void delete_from_begin()
{
if(head==NULL)
{
printf("LINKED LIST IS EMPTY !!!");
return;
}
else
{
temp=head;
printf("THE DELETED ELEMENT IS %d", temp->data);
head=head->link;
free(temp);
}
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Deletion from End
Algorithm DELETE_SL_END (HEAD)
Input: Head pointer
Output: A list eliminating the node from the
end.
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Steps:
1. Ptr = head
2. If (ptr = NULL) then
1. Print “The list is empty”
2. Exit
3. Else
1. While (ptr. link! = NULL) do
1. Ptr1 = ptr
2. Ptr = ptr. Link
2. End While
3. Ptr1. link = NULL
4. Free (ptr)
4. End if
5. Stop
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Function
void delete_from_end()
{
if(head==NULL)
{
printf("LINKED LIST IS EMPTY !!!");
return;
}
else
{
if(head->link==NULL)
{
temp = head;
printf ("THE DELETED ELEMENT IS %d", temp->data);
head=NULL;
free(temp);
}
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else
{
curr=head;
temp=head->link;
while(temp->link!=NULL)
{
curr=temp;
temp=temp->link;
}
printf("THE DELETED ELEMENT IS %d", temp->data);
curr->link=NULL;
free(temp);
}
}
}
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Deletion of any particular node
Algorithm DELETE_SL_ANY (HEAD, KEY)
Input: Head pointer, Key is the data content of
the node to be deleted.
Output: A list eliminating the node with the data
content as Key.
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Steps:
1. Ptr1 = head
2. If (ptr1 = NULL) then
1. Print “The list is empty”
2. Exit
3. Else
1. Ptr = ptr1
2. While (ptr ! = NULL) do
1. If (ptr. data! = KEY) then
1. Ptr1 = ptr
2. Ptr = ptr. Link
2. Else
1. Ptr1. link=ptr. Link
2. Free (ptr)
3. Exit
3. End If
3. End While
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4. If (ptr = NULL) then
1. Print “Node with Key does not exist”
5. End If
4. End if
5. Stop
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Function
void delete_a_value()
{
int val;
if(head==NULL)
{
printf("THE LINKED LIST IS EMPTY!!");
return;
}
else
{
printf("Enter the value to be deleted:");
scanf("%d",&val);
temp=head;
curr=temp;
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while(temp!=NULL)
{
if(temp->data == val)
{
curr->link=temp->link;
free (temp);
return;
}
curr=temp;
temp=temp->link;
}
}
}
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