Module 4 - Formulas

We would highly recommend you to go through the functions provided in the ex
file before moving on to the next modules as functions are a very important par
Ms Excel. We have also provided exercises wherever applicable.
Do let us know if you have any questions.
Thanks,
Analytics Leap
ons provided in the excel
a very important part of
able. 1 21
2
3
4
5
6
IF
What does it do?
It checks whether a condition is true or not and on the basis of that returns a value
Syntax
=if(Logical_Test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])
Logical_Test
This will be the condition which you want to check, so greater than, less than or equal to signs can be used for numbers. When
want to evaluate a condition based on text value, then use double quotes ('') with equal to signs (Row 27 for example)
Value_if_True
If the logical test holds, then excel will return this value
Value_if_False
If the logical test does not hold, then excel will return this value
Example
Using IF formula to identify if a student has passed an exam or not
Student ID Marks Pass or Fail Formula
S001 90 Pass =IF(B22>=40,"Pass","Fail")
S003 20 Fail =IF(B24>=40,"Pass","Fail")
Note
If instead of marks, we had Grades A, B, C i.e. text values then the above formulas would have changed by
IF(B21= 'A',"Pass","Fail")
Exercise
Write a formula using IF. Salary for an AVP will be $2,000 and for an analyst will be $1,000
Emp ID Designation Salary
E001 AVP
E002 Analyst
E003 Analyst
E004 Analyst
an be used for numbers. When you
s (Row 27 for example)
changed by
AND
What does it do?
Checks if all arguments are true and returns TRUE value else returns FALSE value. You need to have minimum 2 conditions to c
function is used with IF condition a lot
Syntax
=AND(Logical 1, Logical 2, Logical 3, and so on..)
Logical 1
First condition which needs to be checked
Logical 2
Second condition which needs to be checked
Example 1
Testing condition 1 and condition 2 to check the numbers are greater than 0 using AND
Condition 1 Condition 2 Result Formula
1 2 1 =AND(A19>0,B19>0)
1 -2 0 =AND(A20>0,B20>0)
Example 2
Use IF with AND function to check if student has passed or not. If the student has failed in 1 of the 2 subjects, then the studen
considered as Failed
Student ID Subject 1 Subject 2 Overall Result Formula
S001 PASS PASS PASS =IF(AND(B26="PASS",C26="PASS"),"PASS","FAIL")
S002 PASS FAIL FAIL =IF(AND(B27="PASS",C27="PASS"),"PASS","FAIL")
S003 FAIL PASS FAIL =IF(AND(B28="PASS",C28="PASS"),"PASS","FAIL")
S004 PASS PASS PASS =IF(AND(B29="PASS",C29="PASS"),"PASS","FAIL")
Exercise
Write a formula using AND with IF to find if an employee should get a "GOOD" increment or not. Sales made by the employee
more than 50 and he should have adhered to all HR policies
Adhered to HR GOOD Increment

Emp ID Designation Sales
Policies (Yes or NO)
E001 AVP 51 YES
E002 Analyst 100 NO
E003 Analyst 49 YES
E004 Analyst 75 YES
o have minimum 2 conditions to check. AND
f the 2 subjects, then the student will be
mula
26="PASS"),"PASS","FAIL")
not. Sales made by the employee should be

Nested IF's
What does it do?
Nested IF conditions help in checking multiple conditions together by using IF conditions within IF condition.
Syntax
=if(Logical_Test, [value_if_true], if(Logical_Test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false]))
Logical_Test
This will be the condition which you want to check, so greater than, less than or equal to signs can be used for numbers. When
a condition based on text value, then use double quotes ('') with equal to signs
Value_if_True
If the logical test holds, then excel will return this value
Value_if_False
If the logical test does not hold, then excel will return this value
Nested IF
From Excel 2007 onwards, we can use 64 IF conditions in one formula whereas Excel 2003 allows for ony 7 IF conditions
Example
Use Nested IF to put the grade a student gets in an exam in Table B. Score Ranges for different grades are given in Table A.
TABLE A TABLE B
Score Grade Student ID Marks Grade Formula
> 70 A S001 90 A =IF(E26< 41,"C",IF(E26< 71,"B","A"))
41-70 B S002 70 B =IF(E27< 41,"C",IF(E27< 71,"B","A"))
< 40 C S003 20 C =IF(E28< 41,"C",IF(E28< 71,"B","A"))
S004 41 B =IF(E29< 41,"C",IF(E29< 71,"B","A"))
Exercise
Write a formula using Nested IF conditions to check what level increment an employee should get and then convert the amou
dollars using Format
TABLE A TABLE B
Performance Increment Emp ID Designation Performance Result
A $1,000 E001 AVP A
B $500 E002 Analyst A
C $250 E003 Analyst B
E004 Analyst C
n IF condition.
can be used for numbers. When you want to evaluate
ws for ony 7 IF conditions
t grades are given in Table A.
Formula
41,"C",IF(E26< 71,"B","A"))
41,"C",IF(E27< 71,"B","A"))
41,"C",IF(E28< 71,"B","A"))
41,"C",IF(E29< 71,"B","A"))
get and then convert the amount into

OR
What does it do?
Checks if any of the conditions are true or not. It returns TRUE value even if one of the conditions holds else returns FALSE val
for a FALSE to appear, no conditions should hold. You need to have minimum 2 conditions to check. AND function is used with
a lot
Syntax
=OR(Logical 1, Logical 2, Logical 3, and so on..)
Logical 1
First condition which needs to be checked
Logical 2
Second condition which needs to be checked
Example 1
Testing condition 1 and condition 2 to check the numbers are greater than 0 using OR
Condition 1 Condition 2 Result Formula
1 2 1 =OR(A20>0,B20>0)
1 -2 1 =OR(A21>0,B21>0)
-1 -2 0 =OR(A22>0,B22>0)
Example 2
Use IF with OR function to check if student has passed or not. If the student has failed in 1 of the 2 subjects, then the student
considered as Failed
Student ID Subject 1 Subject 2 Overall Result Formula
S001 PASS PASS PASS =IF(OR(B28="FAIL",C28="FAIL"),"FAIL","PASS")
S002 PASS FAIL FAIL =IF(OR(B29="FAIL",C29="FAIL"),"FAIL","PASS")
S003 FAIL PASS FAIL =IF(OR(B30="FAIL",C30="FAIL"),"FAIL","PASS")
S004 PASS PASS PASS =IF(OR(B31="FAIL",C31="FAIL"),"FAIL","PASS")
Exercise
Write a formula using OR with IF to find if an employee should get a "GOOD" increment or not. Either Sales made by the empl
be more than 50 or he should have adhered to all HR policies
Adhered to HR GOOD Increment

Emp ID Designation Sales
Policies (Yes or NO)
E001 AVP 51 YES
E002 Analyst 49 NO
E003 Analyst 49 YES
E004 Analyst 75 YES
tions holds else returns FALSE value. Basically,
check. AND function is used with IF condition
the 2 subjects, then the student will be
mula
8="FAIL"),"FAIL","PASS")
t. Either Sales made by the employee should

IFERROR
What does it do?
Sometimes when we use formula in cells, we might get an error because of the cell value, IFERROR allows us to remove such e
values we want
Syntax
=IFERROR(Value,[Value_if_error])
Logical 1
First cell value which is checked if there is an error
Value_if_error
If in the cell there is an error, that error value will be replaced by this value
Example 1
Divide Col A by Col B and show the results without using IFERROR and with using IFERROR
Col A Col B Without IFERROR &Formula With IFERROR &Formula
1 2 0.5 =A19/B19 0.5 =IFERROR(A19/B19,999)
1 0 #DIV/0! =A20/B20 999 =IFERROR(A20/B20,999)
Note
In the above example, on dividing 1 by 0, we get an error, without using IFERROR we get #DIV/0! i.e. an error. So using IFERRO
values we want. You can also enter text which can let the user know that there is some problem with the data.
Example 2
Col A Col B Without IFERROR &Formula With IFERROR &Formula
1 2 2 =A29*B29 2 =IFERROR(A29*B29,"DATA IS WRONG")
1 1 1 =A30*B30 1 =IFERROR(A30*B30,"DATA IS WRONG")
1 a #VALUE! =A31*B31 DATA IS WRONG =IFERROR(A31*B31,"DATA IS WRONG")
5 a #VALUE! =A32*B32 DATA IS WRONG =IFERROR(A32*B32,"DATA IS WRONG")
Exercise
Write a formula using IFERROR. Find the monthly salary of each employee using data in Column C and if an error appears, then
ERROR IN SALARY. Change the format to £ (Pounds) and no decimal places
Annual
Emp ID Designation Monthly Salary
Salary
E001 AVP £80,000
E002 Analyst £50,000
E003 Analyst abcd
RROR allows us to remove such errors with
Formula
A19/B19,999)
A20/B20,999)
/0! i.e. an error. So using IFERROR, we can give

em with the data.
OR &Formula
R(A29*B29,"DATA IS WRONG")
R(A32*B32,"DATA IS WRONG") The red color highlight is for
representation here - color cannot
be changed using IFERROR
mn C and if an error appears, then change it to

IFNA
What does it do?
Sometimes when we use formula in cells, we get values errors of type #N/A. We can use IFNA to remove this with our choice o
function is from Excel 2013 onwards, so is not available in earlier versions of Excel.
Syntax
=IFNA(Value,[Value_if_error])
Logical 1
First cell value which is checked if there is an error
Value_if_error
If in the cell there is a value of #N/A, the error value will be replaced by this value
Example 1
Col A With IFERROR &Formula
1 1 =IFNA(A19,9999) The red color highlight is for
#N/A 9999 =IFNA(A20,9999) representation here - color cannot
be changed using IFNA
Exercise
Write a formula using IFNA. Find the monthly salary of each employee using data in Column C and if #N/A appears, then chang
IN SALARY. Change the format to £ (Pounds) and no decimal places
Annual
Emp ID Designation Monthly Salary
Salary
E001 AVP £80,000
E003 Analyst #N/A
to remove this with our choice of value. IFNA
color highlight is for

tion here - color cannot
anged using IFNA
and if #N/A appears, then change it to ERROR

EXACT
What does it do?
It checks whether 2 values (texts, numbers) are exactly same or not. If they are same, then it will return TRUE else it will retur
function is case-sensitive
Syntax
=EXACT(Text1, Text2)
Text1
First string which you want to check
Text2
Second string which you want to test against
Example 1
Testing condition 1 and condition 2 to check the numbers are greater than 0 using AND
Col A Col B Result Formula
EXCEL EXCEL 1 =EXACT(A19,B19)
EXCEL Excel 0 =EXACT(A20,B20)
Note
In the above example, Row 20 result is FALSE because the EXACT function is case-sensitive. The first value is in upper capse (E
whereas the second one (Excel) is a combination of upper and lower capse
Exercise
Write a formula using EXACT to check if the values in Col A and Col B are same or not
Col A Col B Results
TEST Test
TEST TEST
1234 1234
1.1 1.101
will return TRUE else it will return FALSE. This
he first value is in upper capse (EXCEL)

TEXT
What does it do?
It converst a numeric value into text based on the format given by the user
Syntax
=TEXT(Value, Format_text)
Value
Value for which we need to change the format
Format_text
Format specified by the user
Example 1
Using different text formats
Col A Result Formula
3/27/2017 27/03/2017 =TEXT(A18, "dd/mm/yyyy")
42821 27/3/2017 =TEXT(A19, "dd/m/yyyy")
42821 mars dd yyyy =TEXT(A20, "mmm dd yyyy") Using Text function though the results
3/27/2017 mars-yy =TEXT(A21,"mmm-yy") appear in the same way, but there for
14.141414 0.14 =TEXT(A22, "0.00") has changed to text.
14598.12 $14598,120.00 =TEXT(A23, "$#,##0.00")
14598.12 £14598,120.00 =TEXT(A24, "£#,##0.00")
14:00 14:00 =TEXT(A25, "hh:mm")
Note:
Col A Row 19 & 20 - Excel stores dates in numbers, so that is why when we use Text with Date formats, Excel converts those n
Exercise
Write a formula using EXACT to check if the values in Col A and Col B are same or not
Value Convert To Results
5/21/2017 5/21/2017
42876 5/21/2017
12:00 12:00
12345.78 £12,345.78
12345.78 £12,346
function though the results may
the same way, but there format
has changed to text.
mats, Excel converts those numbers dates

CONCATENATE
What does it do?
This function joins several (more than 1) text string into 1 string
Syntax
=CONCATENATE(String1, String2, and so on..)
OR
=String1&String2& so on..
String 1
First string which you want to concatenate
String 2
Second string which you want to join to the first string
Example
Join the 3 strings together using CONCATENATE and & (ampersand) operator
String1 String2 String3 Result Formula
S001 90 Pass S00190Pass =CONCATENATE(A20,B20,C20)
S002 70 Pass S00270Pass =CONCATENATE(A21,B21,C21)
S003 20 Fail S00320Fail =A22&B22&C22
S004 41 Pass S00441Pass =A23&B23&C23
S005 39 Fail S005 39 Fail =CONCATENATE(A24," ",B24," ",C24)
S006 99 Pass S006 99 Pass =A25&" "&B25&" "&C25
S007 11 Fail S007;11;Fail =CONCATENATE(A26,";",B26,";",C26)
Note
In order to add spaces, other special characters between strings, you would need to use double quotes "" and declare the valu
them as done in the examples above
Exercise
Join the 3 strings together using CONCATENATE and & (ampersand) operator to get the results as mentioned in the result colu
String1 String2 String3 Result USE Formula
E001 AVP 800 E001-AVP-800 CONCATENATE
E002 Analyst 500 E002Analyst500 CONCATENATE
E003 Analyst 100 E003/Analyst-100 CONCATENATE
E004 Analyst 400 E004:Analyst:400 &
E005 AVP 1000 E005 AVP 1000 &
E006 Analyst 250 E006 Analyst 250 &
E007 Analyst 500 E007;Analyst*500 &
In these 3 examples, we have added
spaces or semi-colons between the
strings to make the result readable
ble quotes "" and declare the value between
ts as mentioned in the result column

ormula
TRIM
What does it do?
The function removes spaces all before and following the words i.e. leading and trailing spaces - and also removes extra space
words but does not remove the single space between words. TRIM function is used to clean data.
Syntax
=TRIM(Text)
Text
First string which you want to concatenate
Example
Use TRIM to remove spaces
String1 Result Formula
S001 A S001 A =TRIM(A16)
S001 A S001 A =TRIM(A17)
S002 S002 =TRIM(A18)
S003 S003 =TRIM(A19)
Exercise
Remove the extra spaces in the strings and then join the 3 strings together using CONCATENATE and & (ampersand) operator
results as mentioned in the result column. Do so in one formula itself
String1 String2 String3 Result USE Formula
E001 AVP 800 E001-AVP-800 CONCATENATE
E002 Analyst 500 E002Analyst500 CONCATENATE
E003 Ana lyst 100 E003/Analyst-100 &
E004 Analyst 400 E004:Analyst:400 &
es - and also removes extra spaces between
data.
ATE and & (ampersand) operator to get the
ormula
Use SUBSTITUE formula as well over

here
SUBSTITUTE
What does it do?
This function is used to replace a part of text in a string with something else. SUBSTITUTE function is used to clean data. This fu
sensitive.
Syntax
=SUBSTITUTE(Text, Old_Text, New_Text, [instance_number])
Text
String in which you want to modify text
Old_Text
The old text which you want to replace
New Text
The new text with which you want to modify your original text with
Instance_Number
The instance of old text which you want to replace with new text. It is optional but if not provided it will make changes to all th
of old text with new text. Look at the examples below for better understanding of this
Example
Join the 3 strings together using CONCATENATE and & (ampersand) operator
String Instances Result Formula
Hut Hub =SUBSTITUTE(A26,"t","b")
bumble 1 Tumble =SUBSTITUTE(A27,"b","T",1)
the car is in the driveway car is in driveway =SUBSTITUTE(A28,"the"," ")
the car is in the driveway 2 the car is in a driveway =SUBSTITUTE(A29,"the","a",2)
The car is in the driveway car is in the driveway =SUBSTITUTE(A30,"The"," ")
Note
If instances are not mentioned, then excel will replace all the occurrences as can be seen on Row 28. And the function is case-
can be seen on Row 30
Exercise
Use SUBSTITUTE function to make changes to some of the strings below to get the results mentioned in the 'Result' column
String Result Formula
The dog is in the lawn dog is in the lawn
the dog is in the lawn Dog is in lawn
Dog Fog
Curious Cat Furious Cat
ction is used to clean data. This function is case-
vided it will make changes to all the occurrences
Formula
=SUBSTITUTE(A26,"t","b")
=SUBSTITUTE(A27,"b","T",1)
=SUBSTITUTE(A28,"the"," ")
=SUBSTITUTE(A29,"the","a",2)
=SUBSTITUTE(A30,"The"," ")
Row 28. And the function is case-sensitive which
entioned in the 'Result' column

VALUE
What does it do?
The function is used to convert text value into numeric value
Syntax
=VALUE(Text)
Text
String which you want to convert to number
Example
Convert the values into numbers
Text Result Formula
$12,345 12345 =VALUE(A15)
3/27/2017 42821 =VALUE(A16) Excel stores dates as numbers, hence the function
12/9/2014 41982 =VALUE(A17) changes the dates to numbers
Exercise
Convert the values in Text column into numbers
Text Result Formula
$123.17 123
12/1/2017 43070
1/12/2017 42747
bers, hence the function
es to numbers
UPPER
What does it do?
This function converts the entire text string into uppercase letters
Syntax
=UPPER(Text)
Text
String for which you want to convert all letters into UPCASE
Example
Convert the values in Text column into UPPERCASE
Text Result Formula
Laptop LAPTOP =UPPER(A15)
excel EXCEL =UPPER(A16)
superstore is closed now SUPERSTORE IS CLOSED NOW =UPPER(A17)
Exercise 1
Convert the values in Text column into UPPERCASE
Text Formula
good
how are you?
Exercise 2
Use UPPER to change Col A and then use EXACT function to match the 2 strings to see if they are same or not
Col A Col B Result
match MATCH
match Match
correct CORECT
LOWER
What does it do?
This function converts the entire text string into lowercase letters
Syntax
=LOWER(Text)
Text
String for which you want to convert all letters into lowercase
Example
Convert the values in Text column into lowercase
Text Result Formula
Laptop laptop =LOWER(A15)
EXCEL excel =LOWER(A16)
SUPERSTORE IS CLOSED NOW superstore is closed now =LOWER(A17)
Exercise 1
Text Formula
GOOD
HOW are you?
Exercise 2
Use LOWER to change Col A and then use EXACT function to match the 2 strings to see if they are same or not
Col A Col B Result
MATCH match
MATCH mATCH
CORECT correct
LEN
What does it do?
This function returns the number of characters in a string (text or numeric value). It also counts the spaces and special charact
function is used for data manipulation along with LEFT, RIGHT functions
Syntax
=LEN(Text)
Text
String for which you want to find the length
Example
Text Result Formula
Laptop 6 =LEN(A16)
EXCEL 6 =LEN(A17)
SUPERSTORE IS CLOSED ; 22 =LEN(A18)
90 2 =LEN(A19)
Exercise 1
Find the length of the followig strings
Text Formula
Phone Number is +(0)1234
This is used for data cleaning
aces and special characters. This
LEFT
What does it do?
This function returns the number of specified characters from the start of the string. This function is used for data manipulatio
remember is that you read from left to right - so that is why from the start of the string
Syntax
=LEFT(Text, [num_chars])
Text
String from which you want to find letters
num_chars
Number of characters you want to read from the left
Example
Use LEFT function on the following strings
Text Result Formula
Laptop Lapto =LEFT(A19,5)
EXCEL IS WOW EXCEL IS =LEFT(A20,8)
SUPERSTORE IS CLOSED ; SUPERSTORE IS C =LEFT(A21,15)
90 9 =LEFT(A22,1)
SUPERSTORE IS CLOSED ; SUPERSTORE IS C =LEFT(A23,LEN(A23)-7)
Exercise 1
Use LEFT function to get the results in the 2nd column
Text Result Formula
Phone Number is +(0)1234 Phone Number is +(0
This is used for data cleaning This is used for data cle
Exercise 2
Use LEFT and LEN function together to only remove last 5 characters of the string
Text Result Formula
Phone Number is +(0)1234 Phone Number is +(0
This is used for data cleaning This is used for data cle
tion is used for data manipulation. A way to
RIGHT
What does it do?
This function returns the number of specified characters from the end of the string. This function is used for data manipulation
is that you read from left to right - so that is why from the end of the string
Syntax
=RIGHT(Text, [num_chars])
Text
num_chars
Number of characters you want to read from the left
Example
Use RIGHT function on the following strings
Text Result Formula
Laptop top =RIGHT(A19,3)
EXCEL IS WOW WOW =RIGHT(A20,4)
SUPERSTORE IS CLOSED ; OSED ; =RIGHT(A21,6)
90 0 =RIGHT(A22,1)
SUPERSTORE IS CLOSED ; OSED ; =RIGHT(A23,LEN(A23)-16)
Exercise 1
Use RIGHT function to get the results in the 2nd column
Text Result Formula
Phone Number is +(0)1234 is +(0)1234
This is used for data cleaning data cleaning
Exercise 2
Use RIGHT and LEN function together to only remove first 5 characters of the string
Text Result Formula
Phone Number is +(0)1234 Number is +(0)1234
This is used for data cleaning is used for data cleaning
used for data manipulation. A way to remember
MID
What does it do?
This function returns the number of specified characters from the left to right but, you can change the start of the string thus m
function different from LEFT function.
Syntax
=MID(Text, [starting_position], [num_chars])
Text
starting_position
Starting position of the string
num_chars
Number of characters you want to read from the starting of the string
Example
Use RIGHT function on the following strings
Text Result Formula
Laptop restarted top re =MID(A22,4,6)
EXCEL IS WOW XCEL IS W =MID(A23,2,9)
SUPERSTORE IS CLOSED ; E IS CLOS =MID(A24,10,9)
90 EMPLOYEES 0 EMPL =MID(A25,2,6)
Exercise
Use MID function to get the results in the 2nd column
Text Result Formula
Phone Number is +(0)1234 is +(0)1
This is used for data cleaning for data clean
How have you been? you
Any questions? quest
start of the string thus making MID
DATE
What does it do?
This function returns the date when days, month, year are stored in different cells. If the cell in which the function is being cal
format, then the function will return a number - excel stores dates as numbers
Syntax
=DATE(Year,Month,Day)
Year
Year of the date. Try to supply the entire 4 digits
Month
Month of the date in numeric format like for January it would be 1, for February it would be 2
Day
Day of the date - it needs to be in numeric format like 1, 2, 3 …and till 31
Example
Use DATE function to calculate dates
Year Month Day Result Formula
2017 12 31 12/31/2017 =DATE(A22,B22,C22)
2016 11 30 11/30/2016 =DATE(A23,B23,C23)
2015 3 1 3/1/2015 =DATE(A24,B24,C24)
2014 8 1 8/1/2014 =DATE(A25,B25,C25)
Exercise 1
Use DATE function to calculate dates and then format the result into Date format
Year Month Day Formula
2012 7 31
2011 1 30
2010 2 1
2000 5 25
Exercise 2
Use LEFT, MID and RIGHT functions to extract day, month and year from Col A and then use DATE function to calculate dates
Col A Year Month Day Date
21122016
13122000
15011999
10102010
which the function is being called is of Number
TE function to calculate dates

DATEVALUE
What does it do?
This function converts a date which has been entered as text to date value but in number format
Syntax
=DATEVALUE(DATE_TEXT)
DATE_TEXT
Date which needs to be converted from text to date format
Example
Use DATE function to calculate dates
Text Date Result Formula
05/05/2017 42860 =DATEVALUE(A15)
02/12/2018 43143 =DATEVALUE(A16)
01/03/2015 42007 =DATEVALUE(A17)
02/08/2014 41678 =DATEVALUE(A18)
Exercise
Use DATEVALUE function to calculate dates and then change the format of the result into Date format
Text Date Result
31/12/2015
3/01/2010
11/12/2015
01/01/2014
TODAY
What does it do?
This function returns today's date in date format
Syntax
=TODAY()
No paramter
No paramter is required for this function
Example
Identify today's date
Result Formula
5/10/2022 =TODAY()
5/5/2022 =TODAY()-5
Exercise
Calculate number of days between today's date and date in Col A
Col A Result
12/31/2015
1/3/2010
12/11/2015
1/1/2014
NOW
What does it do?
This function returns current date and time in excel date and time format
Syntax
=NOW()
No paramter
No paramter is required for this function
Example
Identify today's date and time
Result Formula
5/10/2022 13:38 =NOW()
5/5/2022 13:38 =NOW()-5
Exercise
Use NOW() to calculate values in COL A
Col A Formula
Current date and time
Date and Time 7 days ago
DAY
What does it do?
This function returns the day of the month i.e. 1, 2 ..31 in numeric format. Do note that at times, you may have to change the
to numeric to get the date in numeric format
Syntax
=DAY(SERIAL_NUMBER)
Serial Number
Date from which you want to extract the date part
Example
5/10/2022 13:38 10 =DAY(A16)
5/5/2022 13:38 5 =DAY(A17)
Exercise
Use NOW() to calculate values in COL A and then use DAY function to extract date part
Col A Results from NOW function Results from Date function
mes, you may have to change the format of the cell
ults from Date function

MONTH
What does it do?
This function returns the month in a date in a number format i.e. 1, 2, 3 ..12. Do note that at times, you may have to change th
cell to numeric to get the date in numeric format
Syntax
=MONTH(SERIAL_NUMBER)
Serial Number
Date from which you want to extract the month part
Example
3/29/2017 12:11 3 =MONTH(A16)
2/22/2017 12:11 2 =MONTH(A17)
Exercise
Use NOW() to calculate values in COL A and then use MONTH function to extract month
Col A Results from NOW function Results from Month function
t times, you may have to change the format of the
ults from Month function

YEAR
What does it do?
This function returns the year month in a date in a number format. Do note that at times, you may have to change the format
numeric to get the date in numeric format
Syntax
=YEAR(SERIAL_NUMBER)
Serial Number
Date from which you want to extract the year part
Example
3/29/2017 12:11 2017 =YEAR(A16)
2/22/1951 1951 =YEAR(A17)
Exercise 1
Use NOW() to calculate values in COL A and then use YEAR function to extract year
Col A Results from NOW function Results from Year function
Exercise 2
Use YEAR, MONTH, DAY and DATE functions to get dates in COL A from Row 30 onwards. Row 29 has been done as an exampl
Date Results
1/15/2016 Use this date to calculate dates from Row 30 onwards
2/15/2016 2/15/2016 =DATE(YEAR(A28),MONTH(A28)+1,DAY
3/15/2016
4/15/2016
5/15/2016
6/15/2016
7/15/2016
8/20/2017
ou may have to change the format of the cell to
sults from Year function
w 29 has been done as an example
TE(YEAR(A28),MONTH(A28)+1,DAY(A28))
WEEKDAY
What does it do?
This function returns a number between 1 and 7 depending upon the day of the week. Default return is - Sunday would be 1, M
till Saturday which will be 7. Do note that at times, you may have to change the format of the cell to numeric to get the date in
Syntax
=WEEKDAY(SERIAL_NUMBER, [return_type])
Serial Number
Date from which you want to extract the year part
return_type
Default settings i.e. if you do not mention this, Sunday would be 1, Monday 2 and so on. If you select it as 2, Monday will be gi
Example
Identify today's weekday number basis different return_type value
5/10/2022 3 =WEEKDAY(A20)
5/10/2022 2 =WEEKDAY(A21,2)
5/10/2022 1 =WEEKDAY(A22,3)
5/10/2022 6 =WEEKDAY(A23,14)
Exercise 1
Use WEEKDAY() to calculate weekdays of dates mentioned in 'Date' column using 'Return Value'
Dates Return Value Results
1/1/2017 1
1/1/2017 2
1/1/2017 3
Exercise 2
If any of the dates in the column below falls on Tuesday, then change that date to Friday. Use Weekday fucntion to check wee
will have to use IF function. 1st has been done as an example
Dates Weekday New Date
3/28/2017 3 3/24/2017
3/29/2017
3/21/2017
1/1/2016
1/1/2017
1/1/2015
1/1/2014
1/1/2013
ult return is - Sunday would be 1, Monday 2...so on
e cell to numeric to get the date in numeric format
ou select it as 2, Monday will be given 1, Tuesday 2 and so on.
e Weekday fucntion to check weekdays with return value 1. You

MINUTE
What does it do?
This function returns the minutes between 0 and 59
Syntax
=MINUTE(SERIAL_NUMBER)
Serial Number
Date or time from which you want to extract minutes
Example
5/10/2022 13:38 38 =MINUTE(A15)
10:15 AM 15 =MINUTE(A16)
10:20 PM 20 =MINUTE(A17)
Exercise
Use MINUTE() to find out minutes from Col A
Col A Results
1/31/2017 0:50
1/1/2017 0:01
12:45 AM
HOUR
What does it do?
This function returns the hour from 0 to 23
Syntax
=HOUR(SERIAL_NUMBER)
Serial Number
Date or time from which you want to extract the hour
Example
5/10/2022 13:38 13 =HOUR(A15)
10:15 AM 10 =HOUR(A16)
11:59 PM 23 =HOUR(A17)
Exercise
Use HOUR() to find out hour from Col A
Col A Results
1/31/2017 0:50
1/1/2017 23:01
5:45 AM
VLOOKUP
What does it do?
This function is used to lookup a particular value in a table and then return data from a specific column corresponding to that
Syntax
=VLOOKUP(LookupValue, Table_Array, Column_Index_Num, [Range_Lookup])
LookupValue
The value which needs to be looked for in a particular table
Table_Array
The table in which we are checking for this value to be present and from which we want to retrieve data. By pressing F2 key w
table, you fix the range. So when you copy formula from one cell to another, the range does not update automatically
Column_Index_Num
If the value is present in the table, then which column consists of the value we want the function to return
Range_Lookup
It is optional - it has 2 values - TRUE for approximate match and FALSE (which is default value) for exact match of the value we
Example 1
Below in the Lookup table, we have cost for different parts for different car makers. Use VLOOKUP() to get costs infront of item
Lookup Table Mercedes BMW Audi
GearBox $2,500 $2,000 $3,000
Engine $5,000 $4,999 $5,200
Steering $1,250 $1,302 $1,100
Ignition $250 $300 $200
CYHead $300 $290 $310
Maker Spare Cost Formula

Mercedes Ignition £250 =VLOOKUP(B31,$A$24:$B$28,2,FALSE)
BMW GearBox £2,000 =VLOOKUP(B32,$A$24:$C$28,3,FALSE)
Audi Engine £5,200 =VLOOKUP(B33,$A$24:$D$28,4,FALSE)
Audi Steering £1,100 =VLOOKUP(B34,$A$24:$D$28,4,FALSE)
Mercedes Ignition £250 =VLOOKUP(B35,$A$24:$B$28,2,FALSE)
Mercedes CYHead £300 =VLOOKUP(B36,$A$24:$B$28,2,FALSE)
BMW GearBox £2,000 =VLOOKUP(B37,$A$24:$C$28,3,FALSE)
BMW Engine £4,999 =VLOOKUP(B38,$A$24:$C$28,3,FALSE)
Example 2
Below are 3 tables, the first one consists of costs of 4 Items, the second one consists of its sales price. Use VLOOKUP function t
in 3rd table and then use Units and the difference between Sales Price and Cost to calculate profit or loss
Table 1 Table 2
Item Name Cost Item Name Sales Price
Pen $5.10 Pen $7.50
Pencil $1.10 Pencil $1.15
Notepad $1.50 Notepad $2.50
Ink $2.50 Ink $3.75
Table 3
Item Name Units Cost Sales Price Total Profit Formula for Cost
Pen 500 $5.10 $7.50 $1,200.00 =VLOOKUP(A54,$A$46:$B$49,2,FALSE
Pencil 100 $1.10 $1.15 $5.00 =VLOOKUP(A55,$A$46:$B$49,2,FALSE
Notepad 250 $1.50 $2.50 $250.00 =VLOOKUP(A56,$A$46:$B$49,2,FALSE
Ink 100 $2.50 $3.75 $125.00 =VLOOKUP(A57,$A$46:$B$49,2,FALSE
Eraser 990 #N/A #N/A =VLOOKUP(A58,$A$46:$B$49,2,FALSE
Total Profit = (Sales Price-Cost)*Units
Since Eraser was not present in Table 1 and in

Table 2, excel returns an error #N/A implying
that the data we are searching for is not present
Exercise 1
Below are 3 different tables, in the first table we have employees and their designation, in the second table we have their nam
one we have their names and department. Use Vlookup() to fill all these details in the 4th table
Table 1 Table 2
E Name Designation E Name Salary
Ben AVP Ben $85,000
Ken Analayst Ken $60,000
Rachel AVP Rachel $65,000
Katie Analyst Katie $50,000
Helen Analyst Helen $45,000
Table 4
E Name Designation Salary Dept
Katie
Helen
Rachel
Ben
Richard
Ken
Exercise 2
Below in the Lookup table, we have cost for different parts for different car makers. Use VLOOKUP() to get costs of items in th
Lookup Table GearBox Engine Steering Ignition CYHead
Mercedes $2,500 $5,000 $1,250 $250 $300
BMW $2,000 $4,999 $1,302 $300 $290
Audi $3,000 $5,200 $1,100 $200 $310
Maker Mercedes BMW Audi Audi Mercedes

Spare CYHead GearBox Gearbox Steering Ignition
Costs
ecific column corresponding to that value
o retrieve data. By pressing F2 key when you have selected your

es not update automatically
nction to return
ue) for exact match of the value we are searching for in a table
LOOKUP() to get costs infront of items in the second table
1) The first parameter relates to spare part for which we want to get the costs
2) The second part refers to the data range - so Mercedes spare part information is available in second
column ofthe 'LookUp table' - so that is why you select only first 2 columns - 1st one consists of the spare
part name which we are searching for and the second one consists of its cost. For BMW that information is
available in 3rd column, thus our data range consists of 3 columns for the second paramter
3) The 3rd parameter refers to from which column we want to return the value, for Mercedes that would be
2nd column of the selected range, for BMW it would be 3rd and for Audi it would be 4th
4) FALSE refers to us wanting an exact match and not an approximate one
sales price. Use VLOOKUP function to put the cost and sales price
e profit or loss
Formula for Cost Formula for Sales Price
LOOKUP(A54,$A$46:$B$49,2,FALSE) =VLOOKUP(A54,$D$46:$E$49,2,FALSE)
the second table we have their names and salary and in the 3rd
table
Table 3
E Name Dept
Ben Analytics
Ken Analytics
Rachel IT
Katie HR
Helen IT
LOOKUP() to get costs of items in the second table

Mercedes BMW BMW
Engine GearBox Engine
ailable in second
onsists of the spare
W that information is
mter
ercedes that would be
th
HLOOKUP
What does it do?
This function is similar to VLOOKUP. In a VLOOKUP, we look at columns, whereas in HLOOKUP, we look at rows. The HLOOKUP
for a value in the first row of a table, and returns a value from the same column in that table.
Syntax
=HLOOKUP(LookupValue, Table_Array, Row_Index_Num, [Range_Lookup])
LookupValue
The value which needs to be looked for in a particular table
Table_Array
The table in which we are checking for this value to be present and from which we want to retrieve data. By pressing F2 key w
table, you fix the range. So when you copy formula from one cell to another, the range does not update automatically
Row_Index_Num
If the value is present in the table, then which row consists of the value we want the function to return
Range_Lookup
It is optional - it has 2 values - TRUE for approximate match (which is default) and FALSE for exact match of the value we are se
Example
Below in the first table, we have sales commission for different cars. Use VLOOKUP() to get amount each employee will get ba
Car Type Mercedes BMW Audi VW Ferrari
Commission $500 $450 $550 $200 $1,000
Sold By Maker Commission Formula

Ben Mercedes £500 =HLOOKUP(B29,$B$25:$F$26,2,FALSE)
Ben BMW £450 =HLOOKUP(B30,$B$25:$F$26,2,FALSE)
Alex Audi £550 =HLOOKUP(B31,$B$25:$F$26,2,FALSE)
Gary Audi £550 =HLOOKUP(B32,$B$25:$F$26,2,FALSE)
Helen Ferrari £1,000 =HLOOKUP(B33,$B$25:$F$26,2,FALSE)
Helen Ferrari £1,000 =HLOOKUP(B34,$B$25:$F$26,2,FALSE)
Ken BMW £450 =HLOOKUP(B35,$B$25:$F$26,2,FALSE)
Arnold Mercedes £500 =HLOOKUP(B36,$B$25:$F$26,2,FALSE)
Exercise
Below in the Lookup table, we have cost for different parts for different car makers. Use HLOOKUP() to get costs of items in th
been done as an example
GearBox $2,500 $2,000 $3,000
Engine $5,000 $4,999 $5,200
Steering $1,250 $1,302 $1,100
Ignition $250 $300 $200
CYHead $300 $290 $310
Maker Mercedes BMW Audi Audi Mercedes

Spare CYHead GearBox Gearbox Steering Ignition
Costs £300
=HLOOKUP(B50,$B$42:$B$47,6,FALSE)
KUP, we look at rows. The HLOOKUP function looks
le.
o retrieve data. By pressing F2 key when you have selected your

es not update automatically
on to return
r exact match of the value we are searching for in a table
amount each employee will get based on car they sold
1) The first parameter relates to car for which we want to get the commission amount
2) The second part refers to the data range - so car names are in the 1st row of table 1 and the commission
information is in 2nd row of table 1
3) The 3rd parameter refers to from which row we want to return the value - in this case it is the 2nd row
which consists of the commission amount
4) FALSE refers to us wanting an exact match and not an approximate one
LOOKUP() to get costs of items in the second table. First one has
Mercedes BMW BMW
Engine GearBox Engine
and the commission
se it is the 2nd row

TRANSPOSE
What does it do?
The TRANSPOSE function copies data from vertical cells to horizontal or vice versa
Syntax
=TRANSPOSE(Range)
Range
Data which you want to change from vertical to horizontal or vice-versa
How to use Transpose function

The transpose range must be the same size as the original range.
The function needs to be entered as an array formula.
To enter an array formula you must first highlight all the cells where the formula is required.
Next type the formula, such as =TRANSPOSE(A1:A5).
Finally press Ctrl+Shift+Enter to confirm it.
If changes need to be made to the formula, the entire array has to be highlighted, the edits can then be made and the Ctrl+Sh
The curly braces " { } " surrounding the function indicate that it is an array formula
Example
Use TRANSPOSE function to change the cells from vertical to horizontal
Employee ID Jan Feb
E001 10 30
E002 40 50
E003 70 80
EID E001 E002 E003

Jan 10 40 70
Formula EID =TRANSPOSE(A24:A26)
Formula Jan =TRANSPOSE(B24:B26)
Exercise
Use TRANSPOSE function to change the cells from vertical to horizontal for Employee ID and Feb using steps mentioned from
Employee ID Jan Feb
E001 10 30
E002 40 50
E003 70 80
EID
Jan
s can then be made and the Ctrl+Shift+Enter used to confirm it.
nd Feb using steps mentioned from Row 12 onwards

MATCH
What does it do?
This function is used to locate the position of a lookup value in a row, column, or table.
Syntax
=MATCH (Lookupvalue, Lookup_Array, [Match_type])
LookupValue
The value which needs to be looked for in a particular column, row or table
Lookup_Array
The column, table or table in which we are checking for this value to be present
Match_Type
It is optional - it has 3 values --> -1 gives the smallest value position that is greater than or equal to value we are searching, 0 g
gives the largest value that is leSs than or equal to the value we are searching for. Default is 1
Example 1
Use MATCH() to get the position of the different spare parts from the 'Lookup' Table
GearBox $2,500 $2,000 $3,000
Engine $5,000 $4,999 $5,200
Steering $1,250 $1,302 $1,100
Ignition $250 $300 $200
CYHead $300 $290 $310
Spare Position in above table Formula

Ignition 4 =MATCH(A29,$A$22:$A$26,0)
GearBox 1 =MATCH(A30,$A$22:$A$26,0)
ENGINE 2 =MATCH(A31,$A$22:$A$26,0)
Steering 3 =MATCH(A32,$A$22:$A$26,0)
CYHEAD 5 =MATCH(A33,$A$22:$A$26,0)
Exercise 1
Use MATCH() to get the position of the different spare parts from the 'Lookup' Table
Lookup Table GearBox Engine Steering Ignition CYHead
Mercedes $2,500 $5,000 $1,250 $250 $300
BMW $2,000 $4,999 $1,302 $300 $290
Audi $3,000 $5,200 $1,100 $200 $310
Spare Position in above table

Ignition
GearBox
Engine
Steering
CYHead
Exercise 2
Use MATCH() to get the position of the position of different planets from the first table to the second one
First Table Second Table Position
Mercury Earth
Venus Jupiter
Earth Mars
Mars Mercury
Jupiter Saturn
Saturn Venus
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto
value we are searching, 0 gives the value for the exact search and 1
#VALUE!
1) The first parameter relates to spare part for which we want to identify the position in the Lookup table
2) The second part refers to the data range - which is basically the first column in the 'Lookup' table in this
example
3) The 3rd parameter refers to 0 to get the exact value
4) Do note that ENGINE & CYHEAD are upper capse in the Spare table whereas in the lookup table that is
not the case but MATCH function does not distinguish between upper and lowercase
d one
in the Lookup table
Lookup' table in this
ookup table that is

SUM
What does it do?
This function returns the sum of the cells or range selected
Syntax
=SUM(Number 1, Number 2...)
Number 1
The first value to sum
Number 2 and so on
The second (and so on..) value to sum
Example 1
Use SUM function to get the sum of cells
Col A Col B Col C Result Formula
5 12 17 34 =SUM(A18:C18)
10 18 23 51 =SUM(A19,B19,C19)
20 100 999 1119 =A20+B20+C20
Example 2
Use SUM function to get the sum of cells
Row A 5 9 12 21
Row B 1 56 345 23
Row C 2 6 23 34
Row D 4 12 547 12
Total 12 83 927 90
=SUM(B24:B27 =C24+C25+ =SUM(D24,D25,D26, =SUM(E24:E25,E26:E
Formula
) C26+C27 D27) 27)
Example 3
Get the SUM of all cells below
Values to be summed Total Formula
5 3 16 =SUM(A34,A36,C34,C36,B35:B36)
1
1 2 4
Note
If you want to sum the entire column I suppose, all you need to do is =SUM(I:I), it will select the entire column I and give you t
Similarly, you can select the entire row as well. If you write, =SUM(41:42), It will return the sum of all numbers in Rows 41 and
Exercise 1
Use SUM function to calculate sum of the following values
Values to be summed Result
1
100 500
200
Exercise 2
Use IF and SUM function to calculate sum of the following values if conditions meet. If the conditions do not meet, then return
an example
Condition to Col B Col C Col D Col E Result
meet
Col B > 1 5 1 2 4 12
Col C > 50 9 56 6 12
Col C > 500 12 345 23 547
Col E > 80 84.3 59.8 80.9 80.5
Col D > 35 9.8 0.2 38 80.9
Exercise 3
Use IF, AND and SUM functions to calculate sum of the following values if conditions meet. If the conditions do not meet, then
done as an example
Second
First Condition Col A Col B Col C Col D
Condition
Col B > 1 Col D >= 2 96 5 1 2
Col C > 50 Col A > 5 75 9 56 6
Col C > 500 Col E > 500 68 12 345 23
Col E > 80 Col A > 80 73 84.3 59.8 80.9
Col D > 35 Col B >= 9.8 58 9.8 0.2 38
Exercise 4
Use IF, OR and SUM functions to calculate sum of the following values if either of the 2 conditions meet. If the conditions do n
has been done as an example
Second
First Condition Col A Col B Col C Col D
Condition
Col B > 1 Col D >= 2 96 5 1 2
Col C > 50 Col A > 5 75 9 56 6
Col C > 500 Col E > 500 68 12 345 23
Col E > 80 Col A > 80 73 84.3 59.8 80.9
Col D > 35 Col B >= 9.8 58 9.8 0.2 38
he entire column I and give you the sum of the numbers in it.
m of all numbers in Rows 41 and 42.
nditions do not meet, then return value 0. First has been done as
=IF(B54>1,SUM(B54:E54),0)
the conditions do not meet, then return value 0. First has been
Col E Result
4 108 =IF(AND(D65>1,F65>=2),SUM(C65:G65),0)
12
547
80.5
80.9
tions meet. If the conditions do not meet, then return value 0. First
Col E Result
4 108 =IF(OR(D76>1,F76>=2),SUM(C76:G76),0)
12
547
80.5
80.9
SUMIF
What does it do?
This function returns the sum of the cells which meet a given criteria
Syntax
=SUMIF(Range, Criteria, [sum_range])
Range
Range of cells which we need the criteria to evaluate
Criteria
This refers to the condition which we want to check, it can be text, number, dates
Sum Range
This is optional, if not present, excel will consider numbers in the 'Range'. Otherwise, it specifies the cells which need to be ad
Example 1
Use SUMIF function to calculate salary of all employees in Analytics and then for Sales
Employee ID Department Designation Date of Joining Salary
E001 HR AVP 1/1/2017 $40,000
E002 Analytics AVP 12/1/2016 $75,000
E003 Sales AVP 12/1/2016 $30,000
E004 Analytics AVP 11/1/2016 $80,000
E005 HR Analyst 10/1/2016 $35,000
E006 Sales Analyst 11/1/2016 $25,000
E007 Analytics Analyst 10/1/2016 $60,000
E008 Sales Analyst 11/1/2016 $20,000
E009 IT Analyst 10/1/2016 $40,000
E010 IT Analyst 10/1/2016 $38,000
Total Formula
Salary for Analytics Group $215,000 =SUMIF(B22:B31,"Analytics",E22:E31)
Salary for Analytics Group $78,000 =SUMIF(B22:B31,"IT",E22:E31)
Example 2
Use SUMIF function to calculate salary of all employees who joined before 1st Dec 2016
E001 HR AVP 1/1/2017 $40,000
E002 Analytics AVP 12/1/2016 $75,000
E003 Sales AVP 12/1/2016 $30,000
E004 Analytics AVP 11/1/2016 $80,000
E005 HR Analyst 10/1/2016 $35,000
E006 Sales Analyst 11/1/2016 $25,000
E008 Sales Analyst 11/1/2016 $20,000
E009 IT Analyst 10/1/2016 $40,000
E010 IT Analyst 10/1/2016 $38,000
Salary for employees who Total Formula

joined before 1st Dec'16 $0 =SUMIF(D41:D50,"<01-Dec-2016",E41:E50)
Exercise 1
Use SUMIF function to calculate salary of all employees who are AVP
E001 HR AVP 1/1/2017 $40,000
E002 Analytics AVP 12/1/2016 $75,000
E003 Sales AVP 12/1/2016 $30,000
E004 Analytics AVP 11/1/2016 $80,000
E005 HR Analyst 10/1/2016 $35,000
E006 Sales Analyst 11/1/2016 $25,000
E008 Sales Analyst 11/1/2016 $20,000
E009 IT Analyst 10/1/2016 $40,000
E010 IT Analyst 10/1/2016 $38,000
Result Formula
Salary for Analytics Group $225,000
Exercise 2
Use SUMIF function to calculate salary of all employees joined on 1st Oct 2016
E001 HR AVP 1/1/2017 $40,000
E002 Analytics AVP 12/1/2016 $75,000
E003 Sales AVP 12/1/2016 $30,000
E004 Analytics AVP 11/1/2016 $80,000
E005 HR Analyst 10/1/2016 $35,000
E006 Sales Analyst 11/1/2016 $25,000
E008 Sales Analyst 11/1/2016 $20,000
E009 IT Analyst 10/1/2016 $40,000
E010 IT Analyst 10/1/2016 $38,000
Result Formula
Salary for Analytics Group $173,000
cells which need to be added if the condition holds
SUMPRODUCT
What does it do?
This function returns the sum after multiplying numbers in an array. It can also be used to count cells based on criteria provide
Syntax
=SUMPRODUCT(Array1, [Array2], [Array3],…and so on)
Array1
Range of cells which first need to be multiplied and then summed
Array2
It is optional - the second array or range to multiply and then summed
Example 1
Use SUMPRODUCT function to calculate total cost faced by the superstore
Items Perishable? Cost No. of Units
I001 NO £1.50 100
I002 YES £1.99 150
I003 YES £2.05 200
I004 NO £3.50 50
I005 YES £4.90 400
I006 NO £5.00 1,000
Total Formula
Total Cost $7,994 =SUMPRODUCT(C18:C23,D18:D23)
Example 2
Use SUMPRODUCT function to count total number of Perishable items
Items Perishable? Total Cost
I001 NO £150
I002 YES £299
I003 YES £410
I004 NO £175
I005 YES £1,960
I006 NO £5,000
Total Formula
Total Items 3 =SUMPRODUCT(--(B32:B37="YES"))
Cost for Perishable Items $2,669 =SUMPRODUCT(--(B32:B37="YES"),C32:C37)
Exercise 1
Use SUMPRODUCT function to calculate total cost faced by the superstore
Items Perishable? Sales No. of Units
I001 NO £3.10 500
I002 YES £2.50 150
I003 YES £10.00 100
I004 NO £1.00 500
I005 YES £4.00 200
I006 NO £2.00 2,000
Total Formula
Total Sales $8,225
Exercise 2
Use SUMPRODUCT function to count total number of non Perishable items
Items Perishable? Total Cost
I001 NO £150
I002 YES £299
I003 YES £410
I004 NO £175
I005 YES £1,960
I006 NO £5,000
Total
Total Items
Cost Non Perishable Items
count cells based on criteria provided
RAND
What does it do?
This function returns random numbers greater than 0 and less than 1. The numbers change on recalculation
Syntax
=RAND()
No Paramter
No Parameter is required for this function
Example
Use RAND() to generate some random numbers
Random No.s Formula
0.8951734033 =RAND()
0.1945868 =RAND()
0.1709352534 =RAND()
0.6226848626 =RAND()
0.4050708439 =RAND()
0.5115356211 =RAND()
e on recalculation
RANDBETWEEN
What does it do?
This function returns random numbers between specified numbers
Syntax
=RANDBETWEEN(BOTTOM, TOP)
BOTTOM
Lower Limit
TOP
Upper Limit
Example
Use RAND() to generate some random numbers
Random No.s Formula
49332 =RANDBETWEEN(0,100000)
80480 =RANDBETWEEN(0,100000)
41373 =RANDBETWEEN(0,100000)
1503 =RANDBETWEEN(0,5000)
ROUND
What does it do?
This function rounds the numbers to specified digits.
Syntax
=ROUND(Number,num_digits)
Number
Number which you want to round up
num_digits
Number of decimal places to which you want it to round up
Example
Use ROUND function reduce decimal places of the numbers
Numbers Rounded Formula
45.3976106 45.40 =ROUND(A18,2)
50.6546265 50.70 =ROUND(A19,1)
85.4139093 85.414 =ROUND(A20,3)
33.5893471 34 =ROUND(A21,0)
Exercise
Use ROUND function reduce decimal places of the numbers
Items Result Formula
81.373 81.37
7.9597 8.00
521.2578 521.26
4.699 4.70
EVEN
What does it do?
This function rounds a positive number up and negative number down to the nearest even integer
Syntax
=EVEN(Number/Cell)
Text
Cell which you want to convert to the nearest even integer
Example
Use EVEN function on the following examples
45.3976106 46 =EVEN(A15)
-50.6546265 -52 =EVEN(A16)
85.4139093 86 =EVEN(A17)
31.5893471 32 =EVEN(A18)
Exercise
Use EVEN function and round up numbers to nearest even number
Items Result
1111.111
95.3
51.5
-4.699
integer
ODD
What does it do?
This function rounds a positive number up and negative number down to the nearest odd integer
Syntax
=ODD(Number/Cell)
Text
Cell which you want to convert to the nearest odd integer
Example
Use ODD function on the following examples
45.3976106 47 =ODD(A15)
-50.6546265 -51 =ODD(A16)
85.4139093 87 =ODD(A17)
33.5893471 35 =ODD(A18)
Exercise
Use ODD function and round up numbers to nearest odd number
Items Result
1111.111
95.3
51.5
-4.699
nteger
MOD
What does it do?
This function returns the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor
Syntax
=MOD(number,divisor)
Number
This is the number which you want to divide
Divisor
The number to divide with
Example
Use MOD function on the following examples
Number Divisor Remainder Formula
3 5 3 =MOD(A18,B18)
19 3 1 =MOD(A19,B19)
8 2 0 =MOD(A20,B20)
-8.5 3 0.5 =MOD(A21,B21)
Exercise
Use MOD function to find the remainders
Number 1 Number 2 Result
5 6
9 2
8 5
-4.699 -1
MIN
What does it do?
This function returns the smallest number in a given set of values. It ignores logical values and text
Syntax
=MIN(Number1,Number2 and so on..)
Number1,Number2 and so on..

List of values from which you want to find the mimimum value
Example
Use MIN function to find the smallest value of the 3 numbers present for each row
Number1 Number2 Number3 Result Formula
3 5 3 3 =MIN(A15:C15)
19 a 1 1 =MIN(A16:C16)
8 b c 8 =MIN(A17:C17)
-8.5 3 0.5 -8.5 =MIN(A18:C18)
Exercise
Use MIN and IF function on the following and if the value is less than 5, then flag it as 'Less than 5' else 'Greater than equal to
Number1 Number2 Number3 Result
3 5 3
19 a 1
8 b c
-8.5 3 0.5
and text
than 5' else 'Greater than equal to 5'

MAX
What does it do?
This function returns the largest number in a given set of values. It ignores logical values and text
Syntax
=MAX(Number1,Number2 and so on..)

List of values from which you want to find the maximum value
Example
Use MAX function to find the smallest value of the 3 numbers present for each row
3 5 3 5 =MAX(A15:C15)
19 a 1 19 =MAX(A16:C16)
8 b c 8 =MAX(A17:C17)
-8.5 3 0.5 3 =MAX(A18:C18)
Exercise
Use MAX and IF function on the following and if the value is less than 5, then flag it as 'Less than 5' else 'Greater than equal to
3 5 3
19 a 1
8 b c
-8.5 3 0.5
nd text
s than 5' else 'Greater than equal to 5'

AVERAGE
What does it do?
This function returns the average value of the given numbers - It ignores text values and blank cells
Syntax
=AVERAGE(Number1,Number2 and so on..)

List of values from which you want to find the average value
Example
Use AVERAGE function to find the smallest value of the 3 numbers present for each row
3 5 4 =MAX(A15:C15)
19 a 1 10 =MAX(A16:C16)
8 b c 8 =MAX(A17:C17)
-8.5 3 0.5 -1.666666666667 =MAX(A18:C18)
Exercise
Calculate AVERAGE for the following numbers
3 5 3
19 a 1
8 b c
1.5 4.5
ank cells
SMALL
What does it do?
This function returns the nth smallest number from the given set of values
Syntax
=SMALL(Array, nth small number from the list)
Array
These are list of numbers from which nth smallest number needs to be found out
nth smallest number

The nth smallest number which needs to be found out like 5th smallest number etc
Example
Use SMALL function to find the nth smallest value from the set of values in the range A18:C21
nth smallest
Array/List of Numbers number Result Formula
3 1 5 1 -8.5 =SMALL(A18:C21,D18)
19 50 1 5 3 =SMALL(A18:C21,D19)
8 12 20 4 1 =SMALL(A18:C21,D20)
-8.5 3 0.5 12 50 =SMALL(A18:C21,D21)
Exercise
Calculate nth smallest number for the following numbers
nth smallest
Array/List of Numbers Result
number
3 5 3 1
19 2 1 2
8 5 3 3
1.5 1 4.5 4
Formula
=SMALL(A18:C21,D18)
=SMALL(A18:C21,D19)
=SMALL(A18:C21,D20)
=SMALL(A18:C21,D21)
LARGE
What does it do?
This function returns the nth largest number from the given set of values
Syntax
=LARGE(Array, nth largest number from the list)
Array
These are list of numbers from which nth largest number needs to be found out
nth largest number

The nth largest number which needs to be found out like 5th largest number etc
Example
Use SMALL function to find the nth smallest value from the set of values in the range A18:C21
nth largest
Array/List of Numbers number Result Formula
3 1 5 1 50 =LARGE(A18:C21,D18)
19 50 1 5 8 =LARGE(A18:C21,D19)
8 12 20 4 12 =LARGE(A18:C21,D20)
-8.5 3 0.5 12 -8.5 =LARGE(A18:C21,D21)
Exercise
Calculate nth largest number for the following numbers
nth largest
Array/List of Numbers Result
number
3 5 3 1
19 2 1 2
8 5 3 3
1.5 1 4.5 4
Formula
=LARGE(A18:C21,D18)
=LARGE(A18:C21,D19)
=LARGE(A18:C21,D20)
=LARGE(A18:C21,D21)
COUNT
What does it do?
This function returns the count of number of cells which consist of numbers
Syntax
=COUNT([value1],[value[2], and so on..)
value1
First cell in the range
value 2 and so on
Second, third and so on cells in the range
Example
Use COUNT function to find the number of numeric values
List of Numbers Result Formula
3 1 5 3 =COUNT(A18:C18)
19 A 1 2 =COUNT(A19:C19)
8 20 2 =COUNT(A20:C20)
-8.5 B 1 =COUNT(A21:C21)
Exercise 1
Use COUNT function to find the number of numeric values
List of Numbers Result
3 3
b 2 1
c 5 3
1.5 1 4.5
Exercise 2
Use IF function to print 'Y' if count of numbers is >=2 else print 'N'
List of Numbers Result
3 3
b 2 1
c 5 3
1.5 D
COUNTIF
What does it do?
This function returns the count of number of cells which consist of numbers and meet a given condition
Syntax
=COUNTIF(Range,Criteria)
Range
Range of cells which you want to count
Criteria
Condition which you want to check and then count the cells on the basis of it
Example
Use COUNTIF function on Col A, B, C and D to find the number of numeric values, based on values being greater or less as spec
Col A Col B Col C Col D Col E Result
3 1 5 3 Values > 1 3
19 A 0 Values = 0 1
8 D 20 2 Values >= 2 3
-8.5 0 B -1 Values < 0 2
Exercise
Use COUNTIF function on Col A, B, C and D to find the number of numeric values, based on values being greater or less as spec
Col A Col B Col C Col D Col E Result
1 -1 5 3 Values > 2
19 A 0 Values >= 0
8 -50 20 2 Values >= 20
-8.5 0 -1 Values <= 0
ven condition
values being greater or less as specified in Col E

Formula
=COUNTIF(A18:D18,">1")
=COUNTIF(A19:D19,"=0")
=COUNTIF(A20:D20,">=2")
=COUNTIF(A21:D21,"<0")
values being greater or less as specified in Col E

STDEV.S
What does it do?
This function gives the standard deviation of the given set of values or range of values. In terms of statistics, the lower the stan
better, as it implies that there is not much variance in the data. Blank cells, text, and error values are ignored.
Syntax
=STDEV.S([number1],[number2] and so on..)
[number1],[number2] and so on..

Numbers for which you want to find out standard deviation
Example
Calculate standard devation for the following set of numbers
Range of Numbers STD DEV Formula
42 45 20 22 13.07351011269 =STDEV.S(A16:D16)
27 10 34 50 16.58061116686 =STDEV.S(A17:D17)
26 32 11 26 8.958236433584 =STDEV.S(A18:D18)
42 40 47 47 3.55902608401 =STDEV.S(A19:D19)
Exercise
Calculate standard devation for the following set of numbers
Range of Numbers Result
7 7 2 3
1 2 1 6
5 8 8 6
5 8 7 4
erms of statistics, the lower the standard deviation the
values are ignored.
Formula
=STDEV.S(A16:D16)
=STDEV.S(A17:D17)
=STDEV.S(A18:D18)
=STDEV.S(A19:D19)
VAR.S
What does it do?
This function gives the variance of the given set of values or range of values. It is basically sum of squares of deviation of a valu
dividied by number of values. It is the square of standard deviation and just like for standard devaiation, the lower the varianc
implies that the data is not that different. Blank cells, text, and error values are ignored.
Syntax
=VAR.S([number1],[number2] and so on..)
[number1],[number2] and so on..

Numbers for which you want to find out variance
Example
Calculate variance for the following set of numbers
Range of Numbers VAR Formula
42 45 20 22 170.9166666667 =VAR.S(A17:D17)
27 10 34 50 274.9166666667 =VAR.S(A18:D18)
26 32 11 26 80.25 =VAR.S(A19:D19)
42 40 47 47 12.66666666667 =VAR.S(A20:D20)
Exercise
Calculate variance for the following set of numbers
Range of Numbers Result
7 7 2 3
1 2 1 6
5 8 8 6
5 8 7 4
Using STDEV.S and VAR.s

sum of squares of deviation of a value from its mean
rd devaiation, the lower the variance the better, as it
Formula
=VAR.S(A17:D17)
=VAR.S(A18:D18)
=VAR.S(A19:D19) Use the STDEV.S function to calculate standard deviation of
these numbers and then use SQRT function to calculate
=VAR.S(A20:D20) square root of the variance - results will be same
CORREL
What does it do?
This function returns the correlation coefficient between 2 datasets. Correlation lies between -1 and 1 called negative correlati
correlation. For ex: as a baby grows older, the height or weight increases - implying that there is a relation between the age an
weight and with the increase in one the other is also increasing i.e. positive correlation
Syntax
=CORREL([Array1],[Array2])
[Array1],[Array2]
The 2 different arrays for which you want to calculate correlation
Example
Calculate correlation between Age and Weight for the following set of numbers
Age Weight Correlation Formula
1 5 0.9930235149455 =CORREL(A17:A26,B17:B26)
2 14
3 15
4 20
5 24
6 30
7 35
8 38
9 40
10 45
Exercise
Calculate correlation between Age and Height for the following set of numbers
Age Height
1 20
2 35
3 45
4 60
5 80
6 100
7 120
8 122
9 125
10 135
een -1 and 1 called negative correlation and postive
ere is a relation between the age and height or age and
MEDIAN
What does it do?
This function returns number which is in the middle of all numbers in a dataset
Syntax
=MEDIAN([number1],[number2], and so on..)
[number1],[number2], and so on..

The list of numbers for which you want to find the median
Example
Calculate median for the following numbers
Table A Median Formula
89 84 =MEDIAN(A15:A35)
91
65
59
If you sort the values ascending, and count the
60 number of observations here, we have 21 (in Table
86 A) and the middle observation would be 11th
51 observation which has a value of 84. If the number
95 of observations would have been 20 (as is the case
in Table B), then median would have been 10th +
84 11th observation divided by 2 which
88
92
85
74
76
60
65
93
98
64
77
89
Table B Median Formula
94 82 =MEDIAN(G15:G34)
57
80
91
97
84
79
53
50
53
78
54
85
54
98
92
84
71
100
94
NORMAL CURVE
We can calculate normal curve using AVERAGE and STANDARD DEVIATION functions
Data z = (x-µ)/σ where

-7404 -0.4018970269 µ is average µ -447.285
-9065 -0.4978548146 σ is standard deviation σ 17309.695
5776 0.3595259964
26305 1.5455087918
1887 0.1348542105
21578 1.2724248289 Calculate Rounded Z using Col B values
10728 0.6456084555 and taking the frequency of data-
21349 1.2591952483 points
10363 0.624522006
211 0.0380298564
11231 0.6746673159 Rounded Z Num of Data-Points
29798 1.7473032243 -4 0
-3071 -0.1515748752 -3 0
-18742 -1.0569056944 -2 314
27725 1.6275437458 -1 1354
-6702 -0.3613417187 0 1408
-7275 -0.3944445557 1 1315
10649 0.641044539 2 339
24453 1.4385167251 3 0
11833 0.7094455147 4 0
17813 1.0549166588
-19890 -1.1232269106 1600
23967 1.4104399733
1400
23586 1.3884291863
-2042 -0.0921284191 1200
25446 1.4958834218 1000
12176 0.7292610001
800
18275 1.0816069044
-5203 -0.2747428483 600
17534 1.0387985235 400
-20286 -1.146104264
200
-16207 -0.9104559702
24068 1.4162748538 0
-20592 -1.1637822189 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
18095 1.0712081074
-28095 -1.5972387396
11140 0.6694101463
-18838 -1.0624517194
10472 0.6308190553
651 0.0634491379
22890 1.3482205047
-8962 -0.4919043918
-16162 -0.907856271
-26773 -1.5208653529
-2153 -0.0985410106
-23256 -1.3176844142
24451 1.4384011829
-17588 -0.9902378515
2 0.0259556977
-11427 -0.6343101394
-16433 -0.9235122376
-25816 -1.4655784156
14989 0.8917710884
-3619 -0.1832334348
15978 0.9489067007
5363 0.3356665344
-20185 -1.1402693835
-23622 -1.3388286347
-16538 -0.9295782025
23621 1.3904511746
10976 0.6599356869
369 0.0471576893
-24389 -1.383139064
-26410 -1.4998944457
-12344 -0.6872862329
-5722 -0.3047260462
28047 1.6461460381
-1326 -0.0507643155
-29594 -1.68383761
-9805 -0.5406054244
-29649 -1.6870150202
-25883 -1.469449079
10207 0.6155097153
-5175 -0.2731252576
16720 0.9917728527
26577 1.5612225295
8111 0.4944215016
23356 1.3751418346
-25104 -1.4244453965
878 0.0765631763
-3070 -0.1515171041
22870 1.3470650828
-20138 -1.137554142
-11055 -0.6128192923
-28461 -1.6183829601
-25032 -1.4202858777
-1598 -0.0664780532
-13930 -0.7789111885
5747 0.3578506346
-24601 -1.395386536
-721 -0.0158128035
-11502 -0.6386429714
-2698 -0.130026257
-14195 -0.7942205285
-22858 -1.2946915186
-23683 -1.3423526714
-5250 -0.2774580897
22959 1.3522067102
-7957 -0.433844442
-27632 -1.5704907229
13649 0.814357822
-15434 -0.8657989143
-29422 -1.6739009818
-28188 -1.6026114514
-12681 -0.7067550916
-348 0.0057358147
-14433 -0.8079700489
-27883 -1.5849912676
-5222 -0.2758404991
19594 1.1578069778
-20948 -1.1843487284
14436 0.8598236732
-13710 -0.7662015477
14657 0.8725910851
-17973 -1.0124797228
-29632 -1.6860329116
-28095 -1.5972387396
28835 1.6916696605
-3253 -0.1620892143
-16352 -0.9188327789
11157 0.6703922549
6217 0.385003049
732 0.0681285966
24016 1.4132707569
-18816 -1.0611807553
-27641 -1.5710106628
-20337 -1.1490505898
2545 0.1728675906
-15862 -0.8905249427
25538 1.5011983625
21548 1.2706916961
29032 1.7030505661
12629 0.7554313058
20102 1.1871546937
2610 0.1766227117
748 0.0690529341
-10971 -0.6079665203
26996 1.585428618
20290 1.1980156594
16954 1.0052912888
441 0.0513172081
1292 0.1004804094
-13775 -0.7699566688
22553 1.3287516459
4105 0.2629904977
-1533 -0.0627229321
-15025 -0.8421705367
-4569 -0.2381159745
8366 0.5091531307
15117 0.8991657885
-16089 -0.9036389811
-12458 -0.6938721376
23428 1.3793013534
-2293 -0.1066289638
-20497 -1.1582939649
8804 0.53445687
13800 0.8230812573
698 0.0661643794
883 0.0768520318
-53 0.0227782875
17460 1.0345234625
4833 0.3050478544
19168 1.1331964916
-10577 -0.5852047092
-16434 -0.9235700087
-5827 -0.3107920111
27997 1.6432574834
22638 1.3336621889
14314 0.8527755997
-28879 -1.6425312776
17346 1.0279375577
15086 0.8973748846
-2066 -0.0935149254
-18105 -1.0201055073
-10907 -0.6042691703
20577 1.2145959635
-18634 -1.0506664162
836 0.0741367904
4475 0.2843658026
18993 1.1230865501
16772 0.9947769496
23911 1.407204792
19191 1.1345252268
3241 0.2130762722
7721 0.4718907748
27019 1.5867573532
-20206 -1.1414825765
8370 0.5093842151
-28286 -1.6082730186
-19478 -1.0994252198
-16558 -0.9307336243
-14615 -0.8184843881
-11861 -0.6593827943
-27138 -1.5419518023
-3495 -0.1760698191
6421 0.3967883522
-4340 -0.2248863939
-11055 -0.6128192923
18423 1.0901570263
16196 0.9615007993
-20666 -1.1680572798
-21442 -1.212887649
22091 1.3020614003
21790 1.2846723009
25305 1.4877376975
-20029 -1.1312570928
-11948 -0.6644088795
2343 0.1611978295
-19040 -1.0741214805
-18571 -1.0470268372
-23891 -1.3543690591
1628 0.1198914971
6685 0.4120399211
-18764 -1.0581766584
22942 1.3512246016
26516 1.5576984927
21093 1.2444058482
-20690 -1.1694437861
-29499 -1.678349356
-18911 -1.0666690093
-5386 -0.2853149585
7905 0.4825206562
-20883 -1.1805936073
-29231 -1.6628667028
-28288 -1.6083885608
4527 0.2873698996
-9004 -0.4943307778
6897 0.4242873931
13630 0.8132601712
22536 1.3277695373
1703 0.1242243292
19782 1.1686679435
-27355 -1.5544881298
-26929 -1.5298776436
-21493 -1.2158339749
-25662 -1.4566816671
25761 1.5140813165
18860 1.1154029946
-19934 -1.1257688388
12526 0.7494808831
-12928 -0.7210245519
-3235 -0.1610493346
1839 0.132081198
6394 0.3952285327
1165 0.0931434804
-23464 -1.3297008018
631 0.0622937161
-21920 -1.2405022321
22048 1.2995772433
19547 1.1550917364
1289 0.1003070961
-20540 -1.160778122
-26987 -1.5332283671
3813 0.2461213382
15107 0.8985880775
29423 1.7256390639
2646 0.1787024711
19906 1.1758315592
9493 0.574261154
26962 1.5834644008
-6667 -0.3593197304
-21921 -1.2405600032
23242 1.3685559299
-23938 -1.3570843005
15597 0.9268959138
-17497 -0.9849806819
-20441 -1.1550587836
-22475 -1.2725651895
4295 0.2739670057
-2671 -0.1284664374
-22826 -1.2928428436
18561 1.0981294373
5255 0.3294272562
-17195 -0.9675338114
-7343 -0.3983729901
-21967 -1.2432174736
-10211 -0.5640604887
-11745 -0.6526813474
-10996 -0.6094107977
-8567 -0.4690848096
-22079 -1.2496878361
22288 1.3134423059
-17784 -1.001560986
4161 0.266225679
-4310 -0.223153261
3560 0.2315052513
-2775 -0.1344746312
-23929 -1.3565643606
-11798 -0.6557432153
4851 0.3060877341
14636 0.8713778921
24020 1.4135018413
-19449 -1.0977498581
-15914 -0.8935290396
13023 0.778193117
15831 0.9404143498
-7506 -0.4077896785
-15477 -0.8682830714
-13907 -0.7775824533
-25243 -1.4324755786
-29583 -1.683202128
-12512 -0.6969917767
-11769 -0.6540678536
11649 0.6988156334
-24476 -1.3881651492
17617 1.0435935243
-589 -0.008187019
29688 1.7409484039
-13873 -0.7756182361
1263 0.0988050477
-16273 -0.9142688625
14593 0.8688937351
16817 0.9973766488
-3030 -0.1492062603
18635 1.1024044983
2831 0.1893901236
-21590 -1.221437771
-6162 -0.3301453277
-26242 -1.4901889018
26465 1.5547521669
8020 0.489164332
24098 1.4180079866
-23049 -1.3057257976
-29834 -1.6977026726
22497 1.3255164646
-8115 -0.4429722749
25532 1.5008517359
27660 1.6237886246
-14795 -0.828883185
13875 0.8274140893
8957 0.5432958474
-3825 -0.1951342803
-9798 -0.5402010267
22319 1.3152332098
13704 0.8175352322
19804 1.1699389076
-577 -0.0074937659
-28267 -1.6071753678
-15162 -0.8500851767
26566 1.5605870474
9172 0.5557166327
6846 0.4213410673
13308 0.7946578788
-19235 -1.0853868439
-24009 -1.3611860482
-15566 -0.8734246988
-23636 -1.33963743
-12226 -0.6804692437
-891 -0.0256338895
24730 1.4545193183
8319 0.5064378892
6550 0.4042408234
-2514 -0.1193963756
10054 0.6066707379
24358 1.4330284712
5582 0.3483184041
-25624 -1.4544863655
-21225 -1.2003513216
8090 0.4932083086
21993 1.2963998331
-15787 -0.8861921106
-15481 -0.8685141558
25192 1.4812095638
-18775 -1.0588121405
-569 -0.0070315971
19147 1.1319832986
25914 1.5229202939
5311 0.3326624375
19876 1.1740984264
-3009 -0.1479930673
-29112 -1.6559919425
-15846 -0.8896006052
12180 0.7294920844
-2965 -0.1454511392
1221 0.0963786617
-28975 -1.6480773026
-6258 -0.3356913528
-7617 -0.41420227
-10714 -0.5931193491
13881 0.8277607159
1448 0.1094927001
-6984 -0.3776331673
-6544 -0.3522138858
23738 1.3972103927
3704 0.2398242889
19155 1.1324454674
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18986 1.1226821524
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-20257 -1.1444289023
14026 0.8361375246
N functions
Rounded Z
=AVERAGE(A7:A4736) 0
=STDEV.S(A7:A4736) 0
0
2
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
2
0
-1
2
0
0
1
1
1
1
-1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
-1
-1
1
1 2 3 4 -1
1
-2
1
-1
1
0
1
0
-1
-2
0
-1
1
-1
0
-1
-1
-1
1
0
1
0
-1
-1
-1
1
1
0
-1
-1
-1
0
2
0
-2
-1
-2
-1
1
0
1
2
0
1
-1
0
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1
PMT, NPER, PV, FV
What does PMT do?
It calculates the payment of a loan based on constant number of payments and a fixed interest rate
Syntax
=PMT(rate,nper, pv, [fv], [type])
Rate
Interest Rate
Nper
Number of payments
PV
Present Value of loan taken
FV and Type
FV and Type are both optional arguments with FV standing for future value of the loan. Types tells whether the payment will b
made at the end of the month or not
Suppose person ABC buys a car and agrees to a monthly payment based on an interest rate of 4% over 4 years (i.e. 48 monthly
payments). The loan amount is $80000
Rate 0.33% Since payments will be monthly, dividing interest rate by 12
NPER 48
PV $80,000 The PMT is negative i.e. highlighted red because it is implying that
PMT $1,806 ABC will have to give this much amount of money every month
Formula =PMT(B24,B25,B26)
What does NPER do?

It calculates the number of payments required based on fixed interest rate, constant periodic payments
Syntax
=NPER(rate,pmt, pv, [fv], [type])
Rate
Interest Rate
PMT
Regular Payment amount
PV
Present Value of loan taken
FV and Type
Rate 0.33%
PMT $1,500
ABC will have to make 59 motnhly payments of $1,500
PV $80,000
NPER 59
Formula =NPER(B50,B51,B52)
What does PV do?

It tells the present worth of the future payments (present value)
Syntax
=PV(rate,nper, pmt, [fv], [type])
Rate
Interest Rate
NPER
Number of payments
PMT
FV and Type
Rate 0.33%
PMT $1,806
Present Value of 48 future payments of $1,806 is $79,986
NPER 48
PV $79,986
Formula =PV(B76,B78,B77)
What does FV do?

It tells the future worth of constant payments at fixed interest rate (fixed value)
Syntax
=PV(rate,nper, pmt, [pv], [type])
Rate
Interest Rate
NPER
Number of payments
PMT
PV and Type
PV and Type are both optional arguments with PV standing for present value of the loan. Types tells whether the payment wil
Rate 0.33%
PMT $1,806 If FV is $0, it implies that we will be able to repay the loan of
NPER 48 $80,000 we had initially taken by paying 48 monthly installments of
FV $0 $1,806 each
Formula =FV(B102,B104,B103,B79)
erest rate
pes tells whether the payment will be
e of 4% over 4 years (i.e. 48 monthly
ecause it is implying that

money every month
dic payments
payments of $1,500
of $1,806 is $79,986
ypes tells whether the payment will be
o repay the loan of

8 monthly installments of
Question 1 Sort the data on the basis of the length of the name (desce
Name City Product

James Cann London Coconut
Ricky Martin Paris Hazelnut
Samuel Sean Tokyo Coconut
Andreaw Mills Bangkok Mango
Kelly Lewis Patna Banana
Jordan Singh Newyork Mango
Sonika Tyagi Paris Date
Tiger wood Beijing Orange
Maria Dean New Delhi Hazelnut
Danny Duu Canberra Apple
Schera Chuu Bangalore Mango
Sudhir Arora Ontario Mango
Sujit Kumar Jha London Banana
Use right and left function to remove the 1st and last letter from the city name.
Question 2
result to be 'osto'
Name City Product

James cann London Mango
Ricky Martin Paris Hazelnut
Samuel Sean Tokyo Pine Apple
Andreaw Mills Bangkok Apple
Kelly Lewis Patna Apple
Jordan singh Newyork Banana
Sonika Tyagi Paris Banana
Tiger wood Beijing Apple
Maria Dean New Delhi Coconut
Danny Duu Canberra Hazelnut
Schera Chuu Bangalore Coconut
Sudhir Arora Kolkata Mango
Question 3 Create a new column using PostCode and it should be of length 5 (Add 0's at the
City PostCode
London 251866
Paris 110068
Tokyo 11002
Bangkok 215
Patna 8512
Newyork 125896
Paris 3215
Beijing 1
New Delhi 8541
Canberra 23
Question 4 Please put the first name and last name in their respecti
Name First Name Last name

Ankit Singh
Sachn Gupta
Rajev Jha
James Cann
Ricky Martin
Samul Sean
Kelly Lewis
Tiger wood
Maria Dean
Danny Duu
Sumit Tyagi
Question 5 Please find out Group from Mapping Sheet for each
EMP ID Salary Group

11 13000
12 15000
13 15212 Mapping Sheet
14 13000 Salary Group
15 51212 9000-10000 D
16 14500 10001-12000 C
17 4511 12001-13000 B
18 12000 13001- Greater Than A
19 13000
20 16000 Other Wise E
21 11500
22 13000
23 15000
24 1520
25 13000
26 15000
27 14500
28 15000
29 12000
30 35125
31 16000
Question 6 Please count the no. of observations which are greate
Data
11 Result
99
56
14
15
16
59
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
6
0
9
28
29
30
2
11
12
1
14
15
16
8
18
87
20
Question 7 Please calculate the sum of sales for May using sumif functi
Month Sales
Jan 251 3005
Feb 956
Mar 12
Jun 15
May 745
Jun 458
Jul 125
Jan 621
Feb 842
Mar 512
Apr 411
Jan 243
Jun 312
Jul 621
Aug 842
Sep 512
Oct 411
Nov 243
Dec 312
Feb 251
Feb 956
Jan 12
Apr 15
May 745
Jun 458
Jun 125
Question 8 Use countif formula count the exact number
love
none
dairy
loves
love1
love
45
love
love.
Question 9 Use countif formula to count the exact number ofcells that contain text in the
strings)
love
5
dairy
loves
love1
love
45
love
0
1
Question 10 In the below table count how many ce
1
False
dairy
1
love1
False
45
1
1
False
By using COUNTBLANK function please count how many cells are blank in the be
Question 11 straight forward one - just type it
False
dairy
1
False
45
1
False
Question 12 By using COUNTA function please count how many cells are non
False
dairy
1
False
45
1
False
Question 13 By using SUMPRODUCT function please count the total m
Product Quantity Price

Bread 4 10
Butter 6 5
Milk 8 7
Almond 2 2
Yoghurt 5 9
Total ?
Question 14 Using Round function round the number down to t
No's
11.435
12.67
3.897
15.99
1.08
Question 15 Use Trunc function to remove the numbers follow
No's
11.435
12.67
3.897
15.99
1.08
Using MROUND function round the below numbers to the nearest multiple of 5
Question 16
is a straight forward function - just type the syntax an
No's
11.435
12.67
3.897
15.99
1.08
Question 17 Using EVEN function round the numbers to the ne
No's
3
2.9
1.6
4.8
33.99
Question 18 Using ODD function round the numbers to the ne
No's
3
2.9
1.6
4.8
33.99
Question 19 Calculate the number of days between the
1/1/1985 1/1/1995
1/1/1999 1/1/1999
Question 20 Using WEEKDAY function find the day of the week in the
1/1/1985
1/1/1999
Question 21 Please write down a Formula/function to find

Question 22 Please write down a function to find out the last day ofsee
the current month in the
what happens when y
Question 23 Please concatenate the numbers together - the fi
Result
Example 23 38 3333 23383333
10 675 435
78 567 888
Question 24 Please print service provider using a formula. Look at the starting 2 digits - 75 a
7545810268
7545810269
7645317231
7645317232
7645317233
7425815630
7545810269
7545810270
7545810271
7545810272
7545810273
7425815630
7425815631
7425815632
7425815633
7825815633
7825815633
2323232321
7545810273
Question 25 Find city and cost for the
Phone numbers City Price Phone numbers

7545810268 London 275327 7425815630
7545810269 Paris 320749 455464
7645317231 Tokyo 344540 592742
7645317232 Bangkok 171795 7645317231
7645317233 Patna 335892 7545810270
7425815630 Newyork 417424
7545810269 Paris 191620
7545810270 Beijing 199775
7545810271 New Delhi 336621
390964 Canberra 109546
455464 Bangalore 310973
489247 Ontario 389739
243949 London 137612
476967 London 275327
592742 Paris 320749
272100 Tokyo 344540
283681 Bangkok 171795
478002 Patna 335892
155555 Newyork 417424
441582 Paris 191620
553429 Beijing 199775
195409 New Delhi 336621
7425815630 Canberra 109546
7545810269 Bangalore 310973
7545810270 Ontario 389739
553429 London 137612
of the name (descending order).
om the city name. So if we have Boston - we want the

'osto'
gth 5 (Add 0's at the front if the length of the postcode is less than 5)
me in their respective columns
ping Sheet for each EMP ID

ns which are greater than 10
y using sumif function. The first one has been done as an example
t the exact number of word love in the below table
t contain text in the below table. (* is used to tell excel that you are looking for text
strings)
count how many cells consists True as word.
are blank in the below table (Though we have not gone through this function but it is a
rd one - just type it and pass the range)
many cells are nonblank in the below table (Opposite of Countblank)

e count the total money spent on all products in the below table
e number down to the nearest integer in the below table.
the numbers following the decimals in the below table.
earest multiple of 5 in the below table. Though we have not covered this but again this
type the syntax and pass the range and then multiple as 5)
numbers to the nearest even integer in the below table.
numbers to the nearest odd integer in the below table.
f days between the two dates in the below table.
of the week in the below table. (Considering Sunday as 1st day)
la/function to find out today's date in the below box.

rrent month in the below box. (Use EOMONTH function and for the months parameter
at happens when you use 0, 1, 2)
ers together - the first one has been done as an example
rting 2 digits - 75 as vodafone, 74 as EE, 76 as Tesco, 78 as Lyca and the rest as others
ty and cost for the table below.
City Price
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?

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We would highly recommend you to go through the functions provided in the ex

Adhered to HR GOOD Increment

f the 2 subjects, then the student will be

not. Sales made by the employee should be

can be used for numbers. When you want to evaluate

ws for ony 7 IF conditions

t grades are given in Table A.

get and then convert the amount into

Adhered to HR GOOD Increment

the 2 subjects, then the student will be

t. Either Sales made by the employee should

/0! i.e. an error. So using IFERROR, we can give

mn C and if an error appears, then change it to

color highlight is for

and if #N/A appears, then change it to ERROR

he first value is in upper capse (EXCEL)

mats, Excel converts those numbers dates

ble quotes "" and declare the value between

ts as mentioned in the result column

ATE and & (ampersand) operator to get the

Use SUBSTITUE formula as well over

vided it will make changes to all the occurrences

Row 28. And the function is case-sensitive which

entioned in the 'Result' column

TE function to calculate dates

ults from Date function

ults from Month function

sults from Year function

w 29 has been done as an example

ou select it as 2, Monday will be given 1, Tuesday 2 and so on.

e Weekday fucntion to check weekdays with return value 1. You

Maker Spare Cost Formula

Since Eraser was not present in Table 1 and in

Maker Mercedes BMW Audi Audi Mercedes

o retrieve data. By pressing F2 key when you have selected your

LOOKUP() to get costs infront of items in the second table

LOOKUP() to get costs of items in the second table

Sold By Maker Commission Formula

Maker Mercedes BMW Audi Audi Mercedes

o retrieve data. By pressing F2 key when you have selected your

r exact match of the value we are searching for in a table

amount each employee will get based on car they sold

se it is the 2nd row

How to use Transpose function

EID E001 E002 E003

nd Feb using steps mentioned from Row 12 onwards

Spare Position in above table Formula

Spare Position in above table

ookup table that is

Salary for employees who Total Formula

Number1,Number2 and so on..

than 5' else 'Greater than equal to 5'

Number1,Number2 and so on..

s than 5' else 'Greater than equal to 5'

Number1,Number2 and so on..

nth smallest number

nth largest number

values being greater or less as specified in Col E

values being greater or less as specified in Col E