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Tutorial Reactive Systems

This tutorial document provides instructions on applying two mathematical models - the total component element balance (TCE) and component concentration element balance (CCE) - to simple reactive chemical processes. It includes examples of how to develop TCE and CCE equations for mole balances in tanks and reactors with constant and variable holdups. The document also provides a guided tutorial with examples for students to practice applying TCE and CCE to microscopic systems.

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siti azila
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106 views

Tutorial Reactive Systems

This tutorial document provides instructions on applying two mathematical models - the total component element balance (TCE) and component concentration element balance (CCE) - to simple reactive chemical processes. It includes examples of how to develop TCE and CCE equations for mole balances in tanks and reactors with constant and variable holdups. The document also provides a guided tutorial with examples for students to practice applying TCE and CCE to microscopic systems.

Uploaded by

siti azila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TUTORIAL: Reactive Systems

TCE & CCE for


simple reactive chemical process

Prepared : Suffiyana Akhbar


TUTORIAL WEEK 2

 2.0 Fundamental Laws of Dynamics Mathematical Models (CO1,PO2)


 Apply TCE & CCE on mole balance of simple reactive chemical
process (CO2, PO2)
 Apply TCE & CCE on mole balance for constant and variable
holdups (CO2, PO2)
 Apply product rules to simplify developed equations (CO2, PO2)
 Apply TCE & CCE to microscopic system (CO2, PO2)
EXAMPLE 1
SOLUTION:
(a) Develop the TCE for Tank 1 and Tank 2.

Step 1: Write general equation of TCE

Step 2: Refer to Tank 1; there are 3 input streams (F1, F2 and F4) and 1
output stream (F3); therefore;

as mentioned in question
SOLUTION:
Step 3: Simplified the TCE

Given that volume of Tank 1 is constant, hence dV1/dt=0;


Therefore;

final answer

Step 4: Refer to Tank 2; there are 2 input streams (F3 and F5) and 2 output
stream (F4 and F6) ; therefore;

as stated in question
SOLUTION:
Step 5: Simplified the TCE

Given that volume of Tank 2 is constant, hence dV2/dt=0;


Therefore;

final answer
SOLUTION:
(b) Develop the dynamic concentration models of component A in Tank 1
and Tank 2 in dCA/dt
Tank 1

Step 1: Write general equation of CCE

Step 2: Refer to Tank 1; the process is mixing process (no reaction);


component A is in F1, F3 and F4 streams only;therefore
SOLUTION:
Step 3: Product rule is not apply because V1 is constant

Step 4: Simplify the equation


SOLUTION:
Tank 2

Step 1: Write general equation of CCE

Step 2: Refer to Tank 2; the process involves reaction of component A


as reactant; component A is in F3, F4 and F6 streams only.

▪ Rate of formation from


chemical reaction; -ve value
because component A is
reactant; assumed 1st order
reaction
SOLUTION:
Step 3: Product rule is not apply due to V2 is constant

Step 4: Simplify the equation

final answer
EXAMPLE 2

At initial, t=0 minute, the volume of reactor is 25m3

(a)

(b)

(c)
SOLUTION:
(a)

Step 1: Draw the diagram, state all the nomenclatures used for streams,
components, density, volume and etc. at each streams and inside the
reactor
SOLUTION:
(b)

Step 1: Write general equation of TCE

Step 2 : Two input streams (FA and FB) and one output stream(F), therefore

Densities for all streams are constant; therefore

final answer
SOLUTION:
(c)
CCE for ethane

Step 1: Write general equation of CCE

Step 2: Ethane (comp. A) involve in 1st reaction as reactant

▪ Rate of formation from chemical reaction;


-ve value because component A is
reactant and the reaction is 1st order
reaction which involved compt A and B
only.
SOLUTION:
Step 3: Apply product rule

Step 4: Substitute TCE into the equation

Step 5: Integrate the TCE


SOLUTION:

At t=0; volume reactor is 25m3

Step 6: Substitute into the CCE

final
answer
SOLUTION:
CCE for monochloroethane

Step 1: Monochloroethane (comp. C) flows in output stream only; involve


in 1st reaction as product and 2st reaction asreactant

▪ Rate of formation from chemical reaction;


-ve value because component A is
reactant in1st reaction; +ve because
comp. A is product in 2nd reaction
Step 2: Apply product rule
SOLUTION:
Step 3: Substitute TCE into the CCE

Step 4: Substitute V equation into the CCE

final
answer
EXAMPLE 3 (MICROSCOPIC
SYSTEM)
SOLUTION:
Step 1: Draw a diagram of this microscopic system

Step 2: Write general equation of CCE


SOLUTION:
Step 3: Write all expressions according to CCE
; due to turbulence flow
; due to molecular
diffusion
= follow Taylor series;
considered the first derivative
term only because dz is small
SOLUTION:
Step 4: Rearrange all expressions according to CCE and simplified

A(cross sectional area) and


dz(thickness) are constant value;
cancelling out the terms
SOLUTION:
Step 5: Substitute Fick’s law relationship equation into the CCE

proven
GUIDED TUTORIAL
TRY IT YOURSELF FOR THE FOLLOWING Q1 AND Q2

Question 1
SOLUTION
Step 1: Draw a diagram, state all nomenclatures and assumptions
Fo
CAo
Co
v,ρ
Fo, CE, CD,CA
Assumptions:
1. Constant densities for all streams
2.Perfectly mixed (concentration inside CSTR similar to
concentration output)

Step 2: Write general equation of TCE


SOLUTION
Step 3: One input stream (Fo) and one output stream (F)

Step 4: Write general equation of CCE for ethanol


SOLUTION
No ethanol in input stream, Fo

Rearrange into CCE;

Step 5: Apply product rule since V is not constant


SOLUTION
Step 6: Substitute TCE into CCE

Step 7: Integrate TCE. Try it yourself.

Assume that at initial condition


where at=0, the volume of CSTR is
zero.

V=
SOLUTION
Step 8: Substitute the V equation into the equation

Step 8: The final answer is


TUTORIAL
TRY IT YOURSELF
QUESTION 2
SOLUTION
Step 1: Draw the microscopic diagram

Step 2: Write general equation of CCE


SOLUTION
Step 3: Write all expressions according to CCE

Consider turbulence flow


and molecular diffusion
Follow Taylor series; considered
the first derivative term only
because dR is small
SOLUTION:
Step 4: Rearrange all expressions according to CCE and simplified

▪ A(cross sectional area) and dR(thickness) are


constant value; cancelling out the terms

Step 5: Substitute Fick’s law relationship equation into the CCE

Step 6: Compare with the final answer

final
answer

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