Tutorial Reactive Systems

TUTORIAL: Reactive Systems
TCE & CCE for

simple reactive chemical process
Prepared : Suffiyana Akhbar

TUTORIAL WEEK 2
 2.0 Fundamental Laws of Dynamics Mathematical Models (CO1,PO2)

 Apply TCE & CCE on mole balance of simple reactive chemical
process (CO2, PO2)
 Apply TCE & CCE on mole balance for constant and variable
holdups (CO2, PO2)
 Apply product rules to simplify developed equations (CO2, PO2)
 Apply TCE & CCE to microscopic system (CO2, PO2)
EXAMPLE 1
SOLUTION:
(a) Develop the TCE for Tank 1 and Tank 2.
Step 1: Write general equation of TCE
Step 2: Refer to Tank 1; there are 3 input streams (F1, F2 and F4) and 1
output stream (F3); therefore;
as mentioned in question
SOLUTION:
Step 3: Simplified the TCE
Given that volume of Tank 1 is constant, hence dV1/dt=0;

Therefore;
final answer
Step 4: Refer to Tank 2; there are 2 input streams (F3 and F5) and 2 output
stream (F4 and F6) ; therefore;
as stated in question
SOLUTION:
Step 5: Simplified the TCE
Given that volume of Tank 2 is constant, hence dV2/dt=0;

Therefore;
final answer
SOLUTION:
(b) Develop the dynamic concentration models of component A in Tank 1
and Tank 2 in dCA/dt
Tank 1
Step 1: Write general equation of CCE
Step 2: Refer to Tank 1; the process is mixing process (no reaction);

component A is in F1, F3 and F4 streams only;therefore
SOLUTION:
Step 3: Product rule is not apply because V1 is constant
Step 4: Simplify the equation

SOLUTION:
Tank 2
Step 2: Refer to Tank 2; the process involves reaction of component A

as reactant; component A is in F3, F4 and F6 streams only.
▪ Rate of formation from

chemical reaction; -ve value
because component A is
reactant; assumed 1st order
reaction
SOLUTION:
Step 3: Product rule is not apply due to V2 is constant
Step 4: Simplify the equation
final answer
EXAMPLE 2
At initial, t=0 minute, the volume of reactor is 25m3
(a)
(b)
(c)
SOLUTION:
(a)
Step 1: Draw the diagram, state all the nomenclatures used for streams,
components, density, volume and etc. at each streams and inside the
reactor
SOLUTION:
(b)
Step 2 : Two input streams (FA and FB) and one output stream(F), therefore
Densities for all streams are constant; therefore
final answer
SOLUTION:
(c)
CCE for ethane
Step 2: Ethane (comp. A) involve in 1st reaction as reactant
▪ Rate of formation from chemical reaction;

-ve value because component A is
reactant and the reaction is 1st order
reaction which involved compt A and B
only.
SOLUTION:
Step 3: Apply product rule
Step 4: Substitute TCE into the equation
Step 5: Integrate the TCE

SOLUTION:
At t=0; volume reactor is 25m3
Step 6: Substitute into the CCE
final
answer
SOLUTION:
CCE for monochloroethane
Step 1: Monochloroethane (comp. C) flows in output stream only; involve

in 1st reaction as product and 2st reaction asreactant
▪ Rate of formation from chemical reaction;

-ve value because component A is
reactant in1st reaction; +ve because
comp. A is product in 2nd reaction
Step 2: Apply product rule
SOLUTION:
Step 3: Substitute TCE into the CCE
Step 4: Substitute V equation into the CCE
final
answer
EXAMPLE 3 (MICROSCOPIC
SYSTEM)
SOLUTION:
Step 1: Draw a diagram of this microscopic system

SOLUTION:
Step 3: Write all expressions according to CCE
; due to turbulence flow
; due to molecular
diffusion
= follow Taylor series;
considered the first derivative
term only because dz is small
SOLUTION:
Step 4: Rearrange all expressions according to CCE and simplified
A(cross sectional area) and

dz(thickness) are constant value;
cancelling out the terms
SOLUTION:
Step 5: Substitute Fick’s law relationship equation into the CCE
proven
GUIDED TUTORIAL
TRY IT YOURSELF FOR THE FOLLOWING Q1 AND Q2
Question 1
SOLUTION
Step 1: Draw a diagram, state all nomenclatures and assumptions
Fo
CAo
Co
v,ρ
Fo, CE, CD,CA
Assumptions:
1. Constant densities for all streams
2.Perfectly mixed (concentration inside CSTR similar to
concentration output)

SOLUTION
Step 3: One input stream (Fo) and one output stream (F)
Step 4: Write general equation of CCE for ethanol

SOLUTION
No ethanol in input stream, Fo
Rearrange into CCE;
Step 5: Apply product rule since V is not constant

SOLUTION
Step 6: Substitute TCE into CCE
Step 7: Integrate TCE. Try it yourself.
Assume that at initial condition

where at=0, the volume of CSTR is
zero.
V=
SOLUTION
Step 8: Substitute the V equation into the equation
Step 8: The final answer is

TUTORIAL
TRY IT YOURSELF
QUESTION 2
SOLUTION
Step 1: Draw the microscopic diagram

SOLUTION
Step 3: Write all expressions according to CCE
Consider turbulence flow

and molecular diffusion
Follow Taylor series; considered
the first derivative term only
because dR is small
SOLUTION:
Step 4: Rearrange all expressions according to CCE and simplified
▪ A(cross sectional area) and dR(thickness) are

constant value; cancelling out the terms
Step 5: Substitute Fick’s law relationship equation into the CCE
Step 6: Compare with the final answer
final
answer

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TUTORIAL: Reactive Systems

TCE & CCE for

Prepared : Suffiyana Akhbar

 2.0 Fundamental Laws of Dynamics Mathematical Models (CO1,PO2)

Step 1: Write general equation of TCE

Given that volume of Tank 1 is constant, hence dV1/dt=0;

Given that volume of Tank 2 is constant, hence dV2/dt=0;

Step 1: Write general equation of CCE

Step 2: Refer to Tank 1; the process is mixing process (no reaction);

Step 4: Simplify the equation

Step 1: Write general equation of CCE

Step 2: Refer to Tank 2; the process involves reaction of component A

▪ Rate of formation from

Step 4: Simplify the equation

At initial, t=0 minute, the volume of reactor is 25m3

Step 1: Write general equation of TCE

Densities for all streams are constant; therefore

Step 1: Write general equation of CCE

Step 2: Ethane (comp. A) involve in 1st reaction as reactant

▪ Rate of formation from chemical reaction;

Step 4: Substitute TCE into the equation

Step 5: Integrate the TCE

At t=0; volume reactor is 25m3

Step 6: Substitute into the CCE

Step 1: Monochloroethane (comp. C) flows in output stream only; involve

▪ Rate of formation from chemical reaction;

Step 4: Substitute V equation into the CCE

Step 2: Write general equation of CCE

A(cross sectional area) and

Step 2: Write general equation of TCE

Step 4: Write general equation of CCE for ethanol

Rearrange into CCE;

Step 5: Apply product rule since V is not constant

Step 7: Integrate TCE. Try it yourself.

Assume that at initial condition

Step 8: The final answer is

Step 2: Write general equation of CCE

Consider turbulence flow

▪ A(cross sectional area) and dR(thickness) are

Step 5: Substitute Fick’s law relationship equation into the CCE

Step 6: Compare with the final answer

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