COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION PROSSECING

ASSIGNMENT (C1001).

• Question 01

• Drum Scanner

Drum scanners are used in high level scanning operations. They by using drum
scanners users can achieve a much more complete copy of a complete than
other scanners. Drum scanners are also capable of capturing a much large range
of tones. A drum scanner has a tremendously high resolution and the image is
taped in to a cylinder or drum. The drum spins round very quickly while a scan
head scans the image.

• Flatbed Scanner

A flatbed scanner uses a flat glass plane in which the objects to be scanned are
kept. When a something kept on the surface the head of the scanner moves
across the object from under the surface. Flatbed scanners need books to open
fully so there is a high probability of books getting damaged. The scan head is
moved under the glass across the page.

• Handheld Scanner

A hand held scanner is a scanning device in which you can scan an image by
moving the scanner by hand across the image. These type of scanners are not
very expensive than other scanners but the user will have to move the scanner
across the scanning image well.

Page 01
• Question 02

3 3 6 1 3 7
* * * * * *
7 6 5 4 3 2
21 18 30 4 9 14

21+18+30+4+9+14=96

=96/11=8 remainder=8

Check digit = 11-8=3

CHECK DIGIT = 3

There’s student Id = 3361373

• Question 03

Personal Mini Computers Mainframe Super Computers

Computers Computers

Used in home and Used in small Used in large Used in large

personally. scale business. organizations organizations for
advance
processing.

Size of a type Size of a washing Occupies large

writer machine space

Several hard disk Several hard disk Maximum 4

More than hundred Less than users Has got multi user
users capability

Page 02
• Question 04 (a)

• Bus Topology

In a bus network communications devices are connected to a common channel with

a terminator at the end. Terminator signal is the physically end of the segment. There
is no central computer and the communications devices transmit messages to the
other devices. If a device wants to communicate with another device on bus
topology the network sends a broadcast message on to the wire that all other devices
see, but only the intended recipient accepts and processes the message.

Advantages of Bus Topology

• Bus topology is generally used with small networks because works well
it.

• Requires less cable.

• New workstations can be added easily.

• Inexpensive to implement on a small scale.

Disadvantages of Bus Topology

• If one workstation down, the main & another network down.

• High network traffic because the machines are connected to a single

channel.

• It is not easy to identify faults with the physical connections.

 • Management costs often too high.

Page 03

• Ring Topology

In a ring network all communication devices are connected in a shape of a ring

or circle. Messages are passes around the ring in the same direction until they
reach the right destination. It hasn’t terminators.

Advantages of Ring Topology

• Can be used for long distance connections.

• Very reliable.

• Easier to locate machine and cable problems.

• Handles volume traffic well.

• Quick and complete than a bus system.

Disadvantages of Ring Topology

• A ring topology needs more cables to network than bus topology.

• A failure in any device or cable breaks the loop and the entire network
fails.

Page 04

Star topology

STAR NETWORK SYSTEM

Computer Computer

Computer

Client Computer

In a star network all computers and other communication devices are connected
to a central point such as a hub, file server or host computer.

Advantages of Star Topology.

• Problems with connected devices can be easily identified.

• Can be easily expanded than other topologies.

• Star topology is used for high speed networking..

• More equipment options.

 Disadvantages of Star Topology

• Needs more cabling at the beginning.

• Liable to a single point of failure.

• Difficult to locate a malfunctioning workstation or cable segment.

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• Question 04 (b)

• Physical Communication Media

1. Twisted Pair Cable

a. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)

b. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)

2. Coaxial Cable

3. Fiber Optic Cable

Twisted Pair Cables

A twisted pair is made of two insulated copper wires, twisted around each other
and covered in another layer of plastic insulation. One wire carries the signal and
the other wire is grounded and absorbs signal interference. A twisted pair cable is
transmit analog and digital signals.

Advantages of Twisted Pair Cable.

• UTP cables are the most common used type of cables in networking and
communication medium.

• The Low cost than other cables.

 • Relatively easy installation than fiber optics.

• Has no shielding material between the pairs of insulated wires twisted

together and the cables outside jacket.

Disadvantages of Twisted Pair Cable.

• Slow data transmission speed than fiber optic.

• Each single wire is covered in color-coded plastic insulation.

• More expensive than UTP and is slightly more difficult to install.

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Coaxial Cable

Coaxial cable consists of four main parts:

• Copper conductor

• Plastic insulation

• Braided copper shielding

• Outer jacket

Coaxial cable can run with fewer boosts from repeaters for long distance
between network nodes than either STP or UTP.

Coaxial cable is less expensive than fiber optic cable, although it is more
expensive than UTP and STP.

Coaxial cables are often used for high speed internet access.

Fiber Optic Cable

It consists of hundreds of thin glasses or plastic wires that transmit pulsation
beams of light.

• Fiber optic does not generate EMI or RFI.

• Fiber optic has much greater bandwidth than other media.

• Fiber optic cables are much more expensive than the other copper
cabling.

• Fiber optics requires more skill to install.

Comparison of Physical Transmission Media

Cable Cost Speed Installation

UTP Lowest 10Mbps Easy
STP Moderate 16Mbps Fairly Easy
Coaxial Moderate 10Mbps Fairly Easy
Fiber Optic High 100Mbps to Difficult
1Gbps

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