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Advanced Soil Mechanics Final Project Kobe Airport Construction Project

The document summarizes the soil parameters and finite element modeling of the seawall construction for Kobe Airport in Japan. Key details include: - The seawall was built over 30m of Holocene clay using 3 construction stages over 3.5 years, with settlement monitors placed at various depths. - A soil profile identified 5 soil layers (Ac1-Ac2, Ac3-1, Ac3-2, Asc, Ds1) based on data from Japanese studies on the project. - Soil parameters like density, water content, compressibility, and permeability were determined for each layer from graphs in the referenced studies. - A 1D finite element model was created in

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Henry Lin
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60 views9 pages

Advanced Soil Mechanics Final Project Kobe Airport Construction Project

The document summarizes the soil parameters and finite element modeling of the seawall construction for Kobe Airport in Japan. Key details include: - The seawall was built over 30m of Holocene clay using 3 construction stages over 3.5 years, with settlement monitors placed at various depths. - A soil profile identified 5 soil layers (Ac1-Ac2, Ac3-1, Ac3-2, Asc, Ds1) based on data from Japanese studies on the project. - Soil parameters like density, water content, compressibility, and permeability were determined for each layer from graphs in the referenced studies. - A 1D finite element model was created in

Uploaded by

Henry Lin
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Henry Lin

Advanced Soil Mechanics Final Project

Kobe Airport Construction Project

I. Introduction

Similar to Kansai Airport, Kobe Airport was built using land reclamation. Its seawall
was built over a Holocene clay layer 30 meters thick. Predicting the behavior of
embankments over clayey soils has always been a problem for geotechnical
engineers, thus measurement devices recording the settlement, lateral
displacements, pore water pressures, and earth pressures were positioned
throughout the seawall structure. This project’s objective was to model the soil
behavior underneath the Kobe Airport using finite element software, Crisp.

II. Soil Profile

The soil profile shown in Figure 1 was taken from the Japanese paper “Behavior of
Alluvial Cohesive Soils in Kobe Airport Construction Project.” The seawall was
constructed in three stages over a period of three and a half years. In this depiction
of the cross section, there were 5 different soil layers: Ac1-Ac2, Ac3-1, Ac3-2, Asc,
and Ds1. The settlement recording devices, AC-1 through AC-3, were placed at
elevations -27m, -41m, and -48m. Excess pore water pressure recording devices, P-
1 through P-4, were placed at elevations -21.5m, -29.5m, -36.5m, and -42.5m. The
layer elevations as well as thicknesses were determined using AutoCAD.

Figure 1 – Cross Section of Seawall


III. Soil Parameters

Bulk Bulk Unit Water Void


Thickness
Layer Density Weight Content Ratio
t [m]
ρt [g/cm3] γt [kN/m3] w [%] e
Fill 22 2.24 22 - -
Ac1-
Ac2 8 1.55 15.21 85% 2.25
Ac3-1 8 1.60 15.70 65% 1.72
Ac3-2 7 1.60 15.70 70% 1.86
Asc 4 1.65 16.19 50% 1.33
Ds1 5 1.75 17.17 45% 1.19

The bulk densities and water contents were taken graphs from the Japanese paper
shown below in Figures 2 and 3. The bulk unit weight was calculated with the
equation, γt=ρtg, where g = 9.81 m/s2. Because the saturated soil condition, the
void ratio was calculated with the equation, e=wGs, where Gs, the specific gravity
of soil, which is the ratio between the unit weight of solid to the unit weight of
water, was taken to be as 2.65. The fill’s unit weight was given to be 22 kN/m3.
Figure 2 – Bulk Densities Figure 3 – Water Content

Slope of Slope of
Slope of Slope of
Layer Compressi Compressi
Swelling cs Swelling κ
on cc on λ
Fill - - - -
Ac1-
Ac2 0.83 0.08 0.36 0.036
Ac3-1 1.11 0.11 0.48 0.048
Ac3-2 1.33 0.13 0.58 0.058
Asc 1.11 0.11 0.48 0.048
Ds1 1.11 0.11 0.48 0.048

The e-logP curve values were used from the Japanese paper to calculate the slopes
of compression and swelling with the equations, cc=e1-e2logP2-logP1 and
cs=0.1cc. To calculate the slopes with ln instead of log for Crisp, the slopes were
divided by 2.3 to find λ and κ.

Figure 4 – e-logP Curves of Soil Layers


Preconsolida
Angle of Effective
Slope of Permeabili tion
Layer Friction Stress
CSL M ty Stress Pc
ϕ σ0' [kPa]
[kPa]
Fill - - - - -
Ac1-
Ac2 31 1.24 5.00E-04 20 25
Ac3-1 29 1.16 5.00E-04 80 100
Ac3-2 27 1.07 5.00E-05 100 150
Asc 30 1.20 5.00E-06 150 225
Ds1 30 1.20 5.00E-07 200 300

Angles of Friction were taken directly from the Japanese paper. Values that were
not given were interpolated. The slope of the critical state line was calculated via
the equation, M=6sinφ3-sinφ.

Figure 5 – Angle of Friction Figure 6 - Pressures


IV. Crisp Model

First I wanted model the soil directly underneath the seawall structure using a
one-dimensional soil column to obtain vertical displacement values and pore
water pressures. MCC was used for the clay layers and an Isotropic Elastic model
was used for the fill.

One-Dimensional Column

Figure 7 – One-dimensional Column Mesh: The mesh for the one-dimensional


analysis was made of mostly 2m x 2m quadrilateral elements, totaling to a height
of 54m.

Increments
Figure 8 – Fill Heights: A total of 10 increment blocks was used with their durations
and heights corresponding to the figure above.

Vertical Displacements

Excess Pore Water Pressures


Yielding
Equal Increments

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