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Lecture 12 Notes Standardization

Standardization is the process of developing consensus agreements on specifications and criteria for terminology, products, testing, and other areas. This facilitates trade and technology transfer. Terminology standardization involves choosing terms and developing standardized principles and methods. It aims to simplify terminology systems and reduce ambiguity through defining terms, unifying concepts, and eliminating synonyms and homonyms. International standards organizations and national bodies set technical and terminology standards to promote interoperability.

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262 views3 pages

Lecture 12 Notes Standardization

Standardization is the process of developing consensus agreements on specifications and criteria for terminology, products, testing, and other areas. This facilitates trade and technology transfer. Terminology standardization involves choosing terms and developing standardized principles and methods. It aims to simplify terminology systems and reduce ambiguity through defining terms, unifying concepts, and eliminating synonyms and homonyms. International standards organizations and national bodies set technical and terminology standards to promote interoperability.

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Lecture notes Standardization

Technical standards: examples - e.g. size of fasteners, degree of allowed emission of car engines, testing
methods for the performance of air conditioners in official buildings, etc.

Reasons to standardize:
 synonymy
 polysemous terms
 regional differences in usage
 ambiguity in existing definitions
 confusion with regard to related concepts
 problems of quasi-synonymy
 inappropriateness of terms used
 lack of a designation for a new concept

Terminology standards.

DEFINITION: (International) Standardization is the process of producing consensus agreements between


(national) delegations representing all the economic stakeholders concerned on specifications and criteria
to be applied consistently in the following fields:

- classification of materials;
- manufacture and supply of products;
- testing and analysis;
- terminology.

Terminology standardization can be subdivided into two distinct – yet complementary – types of
standardizing activities:

• Standardization of terminologies
• Standardization of terminological principles and methods

International Standards provide a reference framework, or a common technological language, between


suppliers and their customers – which facilitates trade and the transfer of technology. The result of this
process is a standard.
Terminology standardization (almost) always involves a choice among competing terms.

Reasons for the choice:


 economic reasons (term is less cumbersome than another)
 precision (term has greater transparency or clarity than another)
 appropriateness (term has negative/political connotation)

Principles of standardization
 simplification
 consensus
 application
 revision
 economic consequences
Processes involved in standardization:
 unification of concepts and concept systems
 definition of terms
 reduction of homonymy
 elimination of synonymy
 fixing of designations (i.e. symbols, abbreviations etc.)
 term creation (primary / secondary)

(ap. M.T. Cabre, 1999)


Ex. The FDA (US Food and Drug Administation) Data Standards and Terminology Standards for
Information Submitted to CDRH – examples of how standard forms of terms are reached:

Standardization institutions:
International level:
 ISO
 International Electrotechnical Committee IEC
 International Telecommunication Union ITU

National level:
 Asociación Española de Normalización (AENOR)
 Canada Standards Council of Canada (SCC)
 France Association française de normalisation (AFNOR)
 Germany Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN)
 United Kingdom British Standards Institution (BSI)
 USA American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
 Organismul National de Standardizare din Romania (ASRO) http://www.asro.ro/

Ex.
AFNOR https://www.afnor.org/en/
Société française de terminologie http://terminologie.fr/
Professional level: developed by consortia companies (Siemens, Microsoft) or by associations to ensure
consistency in that particular market segment, esp. in fast developing domains.

Terminology standards: de jure – produced by a standardization / official body


de facto – established by the market (once the technology becomes dominant it
becomes the de facto standard incl. the terminology

De facto / competing terminologies (NOT standardized)


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Recycle Bin Trash Can
Ctrl+Alt+Del Option+Command+Esc

Standards are voluntarily used as they guarantee interconnectivity and interoperability, not because they
are binding.

Related terms
 Harmonization - the process of aligning terms and definitions between languages or between
language variants within a language; often achieved by recommendation rather than by the force of
a standard.
 Officialization - the process whereby an authoritative body selects a term (or name) and
 Language management - recording, storing and disseminating terminology without interfering in
its development.
 Language planning - the intervention into language to either create new terminology to fill gaps in
a language (as in the case of domain loss) or to encourage the growth and development of a
language.

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