American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2022

American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR)

e-ISSN :2378-703X
Volume-6, Issue-3, pp-214-226
www.ajhssr.com
Research Paper Open Access

Development and Evaluation of a Contextualized Reference

Material in Social Studies
Eduardo Mariscotes Abad
CamarinesNorte state College,College of EducationPhilippines

ABSTRACT: This study developed and evaluated Sarong Bantayog as a K to 12 contextualized reference
material in Social Studies. It specifically determined content knowledge of Grade VII high school students on
geography, history and socio-cultural landscape of CamarinesNorte; jurors’ assessment of the developed
contextualized referenced material along level of integrity, level of contextualization; level of innovativeness,
level of acceptability, and the effectiveness of the material. Results showed that the content knowledge of the
freshmen high school students in geography, history, and socio-cultural landscapes of CamarinesNorte is with a
mean of 34.07 and MPS: 63.10 percent or average. The developed contextualized reference material is Sarong
Bantayog written in Filipino, is congruent to K to 12 Social Studies for both elementary and secondary level
students. It is divided into 3 units: Geography, History, and Socio-cultural landscapes of CamarinesNorte.
Thejurors’ assessment resulted in the overall weighted mean of 3.91: high integrity; 3.92: highly
contextualized; 3.89: highly innovative; 4.00: highly acceptable; and 3.88: highly effective.
In conclusion, the freshmen high school students have average content knowledge in Geography,
History, and Socio-cultural landscapes of CamarinesNorte. There is a contextualized learning material called
“Sarong Bantayog” that was developed for Social Studies. The jurors assessed the developed contextualized
material in Social Studies as with high integrity, highly contextualized, highly innovative, highly acceptable,
and highly effective.

KEYWORDS : Contextualized ,Reference Material Development, Instructional Material Evaluation,

Social Studies

I. INTRODUCTION
Each teacher is expected to be knowledgeable to the cultural and educational heritage of the nation.
Teachers are entrusted to transmit the cultural heritage of the country which originates from knowing and
exploring its own local heritage. To strengthen the mandate, contextualization, localization and indigenization
of teaching was created making more responsive and committed citizens of the country inspired by the local
history, geography and culture. This is now the trend that must be addressed due to the growing impact of
globalization.
Republic Act 10533 of the Philippines, or the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 provides that the
curriculum to be offered …shall be contextualized and global and at the same way shall be flexible enough to
enable and allow localizing, indigenizing and enhancing the same based on their respective educational social
context. This governing law presents a great challenge and opportunity in making the education for all more
socially responsive and culturally sensitive.
Relatively, on June 10, 2016, to intensify the teachers’ capability,DepEd Order No. 39.s. 2016 or the
Adoption of the Basic Education Research Agenda prescribed four themes wherein researches in education must
be anchored. The themes include: teaching, learning, and curriculum. Under these themes, the agenda mandate
that researches shall explore on the contextualization, localization of various subjects, and find out howthese are
relevant and responsive to the learner learning outcomes. These research agenda aim to show an in-depth social,
behavioral, and developmental effects to teaching process and learning acquisition of students in basic
education. With this mandate and considering the teachers’ readiness to contextualization, it is right and timely
to focus on equipping teachers with necessary instructional materials and ready- made strategies in actual
teaching and learning process.
The objective of K to 12 curriculum in Social Studies is for the students to develop understanding on
primary principles on issues of history, geography, politics, economics and other related disciplines in dealing

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with society in order to know, to do, to be fulfilled and learn to live together with others. (Dep.Ed. 2013). The
curriculum of Social Studies gives emphasis not on memorization but on understanding of concepts and
terminologies and creation of personal meaning of every lesson, its application to real life situation , and its
connection to life and society.Constructivism, cognitivism, and behaviourism are the three major approaches in
teaching and learning Social Studies. Consequently, based on the nature of the subject wherein lecture
discussions are the essential springboard of inquiry-learning, sufficient reference materials are needed to
facilitate active learning.
Localizing lessons in Social Studies should not compromise the standards and concepts just for the
sake of contextualization. However, majority of the topics can be contextualized to make them more practical,
valuable, effective and life changing. Topics in Geography, Society and Culture, Demography, Literature,
History, Political Science, Economics and others make the discussion and learning in Social Studies more
appealing to the students. They are put into natural and actual learning environment and let them manipulate,
relate and adapt to various learning opportunities visible in the community or locality. This helps students to
have an in-depth connection to lessons due to a meaningful, integrated, real experience, social and cultural,
customized and appropriate presentation of lessons. Ideally, based on R.A. 10533 the Enhanced Basic Education
Act of 2013, the curriculum for basic education is already set ,in addition, the strategies anchored to
contextualization has been prepared but the drawback is the availability of contextualized reference material
ready for use by the teachers especially those who are not given enough training on contextualizing their
lessons. In support to this demand, DepEd. Order. No. 43, s. 2013 Rule II Sec. 10.3 provides that the production
and development of locally produced teaching learning materials shall be encouraged. It is just right to produce
contextualized locally-based instructional materials in all subject areas because it is one of the ways to improve
competencies of the students at the same time build their passions to discover, explore and continue to love their
country.

On Contextualization
Various scholars have conducted studies on contextualizing instructional materials as improvisation of
local and simple instructional materials by the teachers has become necessary for the uplift of academic
standardAbdu-Raheem (2011). Teachers must remain knowledgeable of changing demographic patterns of the
nation and accompanying changes of students’ characteristics. Teachers as trustees of the cultural heritage of the
nation must be always knowledgeable about the sociocultural, historical and geographical landscape and
changes of the nation(Stockard, 2001). Further, the educational shift from purely learner as the receiver of
knowledge to learner as constructor of meaning is the prime starter of the contextualized teaching and learning.
Consequently, the reaction to behaviorist approaches to learning is also seen as another major development in
education
(Davila ,2013).
The objective of K to 12 curriculum in Social Studies is for the students to develop understanding on
primary principles on issues of History, geography, politics, economics and other related disciplines in dealing
with society in order to know, to do, to be fulfilled and learn to live together with others (Dep.Ed. 2013). The
curriculum of Social Studies gives emphasis on understanding not on memorization of concepts and
terminologies but on creation of personal meaning of every lesson, its application to real life situation and its
connection to life and society.Constructivism, cognitivism and behaviourism are the three major approaches in
teaching and learning Social Studies. Consequently, based on the nature of the subject wherein lecture
discussions are the essential springboard of inquiry-learning, it requires enough reference materials to facilitate
active learning (Abad,DV,2020).
Localizing lessons in Social Studies should not compromise the standards and concepts. However,
majority of the topics can be contextualized to make them more practical, valuable, effective and life changing.
Topics in Geography, Society and Culture, Demography, Literature, History, Political Science, Economics and
others make the discussion and learning in Social Studies more personal to the students. The students are put
into natural and actual learning environment letting them manipulate, relate and adapt to various learning
opportunities visible in the community or locality. This helps students to have an in-depth connection to lessons
due to a meaningful, integrated, real experience, social and cultural, customized and appropriate presentation of
lessons.
Ideally, based on R.A. 10533 the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013, the curriculum for basic
education is already set ,in addition, the strategies anchored to contextualization has been prepared but the
drawback is the availability of contextualized reference material ready for use by the teachers especially those
who are not given enough training on contextualizing their lessons. DepEd.Order. No. 43, s. 2013 Rule II Sec.
10.3 provides that the production and development of locally produced teaching learning materials shall be
encouraged. It is just right to produce contextualized locally-based instructional materials in all subject areas
because it’ is one of the ways to improve competencies of the students at the same time build their passions to
discover, explore and continue to love their country.
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Improvisation of local and simple instructional materials by the teachers has become necessary for the
uplift of academic standard (Abdu-Raheem , 2015). It is claimed that teachers must remain knowledgeable of
changing demographic patterns of the nation and accompanying changes of students’ characteristics. Teachers
as trustees of the cultural heritage of the nation must be always knowledgeable about the sociocultural, historical
and geographical landscape and changes of the nation ( TomDieck, 2017). The educational shift from purely
learner as the receiver of knowledge to learner as constructor of meaning is the prime starter of the
contextualized teaching and learning, in this regard, the reaction to behaviorist approaches to learning is also
seen as another major development in education. Contextualization of teaching learning in classroom instruction
is traced from trifold ideologies of constructivism focused on making sense of experience, behaviourism
believes in change of behavior is learning and cognitivism mental schema of understanding is knowledge(
Triesman, 2009). Contextualization is a new delivery system in education that addresses and challenges the
traditional development in education (Mouraz, et. al.,2013). In contextualization the content and organization of
activities to be undertaken in classroom are prerequisites of actual teaching and learning. In this approach,
students’ engagement to school work increases significantly because they understand why they are taught.
Consequently, they are learning the concepts and at the same time they know where the concepts can be used.
Lee, et. al., (2012) narrates that cultural contextualized education motivates students to know more about their
cultural heritage in order to appreciate and understand other cultural heritage. Spring (2010) describes that
contextual teaching means to teach in connection with real life and within real life and within the culture of the
learner.
Perin (2011) explains that contextualization is not only presenting relevant and meaningful context
hence, it is divided into integrated and contextualized instruction. Integrated instruction primary purpose is to
scaffold learners with specific content area such as science, social studies, business, career technical education
or career development. In addition, Hull (1993) explains the concept of teaching and learning in
contextualization which is joining knowledge and skills and learning abstract concepts by doing practical
activities and connecting school work to real world situation.This is the same with Berns, et. al., (2001) who
claimed that contextualization helps teacher relate subject matter content to real world situation. Taylor, et. al.,
(1997) elaborated that relating teaching materials to the real context of life experience is not only the focus of
contextualization but also building relations between prior knowledge and practical application of knowledge to
life.This was supported by Endacott, et. al., (2013) as he views historical contextualization as temporal sense of
difference that includes deep understanding of the social, political and cultural norm of the time period under
investigation as well as knowledge of the events leading up to the Historical situation and other relevant events
that are happening concurrently.Joining the Historical Contextualization and Sociological Imagination in idea it
is building of concepts of circumstances or facts that surround a particular historical phenomenon to render
more intelligible information. (Wineburg, et. al., 1994). As a result, knowledge acquired based reflection due to
introspection in Sociological Imagination and empathy in Historical contextualization is usually stored in long
term memory that shapes the behavior, aspiration and action of person .

II. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study aimed to develop and evaluate Sarong Bantayog as a K to 12 contextualized reference
material in Social Studies. Specifically, this undertaking determined the content knowledge of the secondary
grade 7 students on geography, history and socio–cultural landscape of CamarinesNorte ; developed contextual
learning materials in Social studies, and found out the assessment of jurors on the developed contextualized
learning material along with level of integrity, level of contextualization, level of innovativeness as to features,
level of acceptability as to desired activities, strategies and assessment and level of effectiveness as per
assessment of the jurors.

III. MATERIALS AND METHODS

The multi-level of research design is the nature of this research. It is Descriptive-Developmental and
Evaluation approach of research. Quantitatively, the students evaluated as to content knowledge on geography,
History and Socio-cultural landscape of CamarinesNorte, Philippines. The second phase is developmental,
wherein contextualized reference material in teaching Social Studies is produced based on the interpreted needs
described by the teachers and students as well as on the set learning competencies and goals of Social Studies.
The third phase is the evaluation of the developed contextualized reference materials by the experts,
teachers and school officials to assess the level of integrity based on the desired learning competencies, level of
contextualization, level of innovativeness, level of acceptability and level of effectiveness.

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SETTING AND INFORMANTS

The primary respondents of the study are 240 freshmen students out of 600 freshmen enrolees for the
School Year 2017 to 2018, in one public National High School, in the province of CamarinesNorte,Philippines.
The said institution is one of the biggest schools in the province in terms of student population, and is the locale
of this study. The study participants were selected through purposive sampling. Accessibility and proximity to
research respondents had been an ultimate consideration to decide on since the study entails series of
teaching.There were fifteen experts who served as jurors and rated the instructional material.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

I. Content Knowledge of Freshmen High School Students in Social Studies/Social Studies

Table 1 shows the result of the pretest conducted in order to determine the level of content knowledge
of freshmen high school students in Social Studies in the selected locale of the study. The content knowledge
was assessed along geography, history and socio-cultural landscapes of CamarinesNorte.

Table 1.Content Knowledge of Freshmen High School Students in Social Studies

(n=240)

MPS*
Content Mean Interpretation
(%)
Geography 11.85 63.46 Average
History 13.21 63.76 Average
Socio-cultural
Landscapes of 9.01 61.86 Average
Camarines Norte
Total 34.07 63.10 Average

Legend:*DepEd Order no.160 s. 2012

MPS Description
96 – 100% Mastered
86 – 95 % Closely approximating Mastery
66 – 85% Moving Towards Mastery
35 – 65% Average
15 – 34% Low
5 – 14% Very Low
0 – 4% Absolutely no mastery

The table reveals that out of the 130 pretest items, the total mean score is 34.07 or 63.10 percent MPS which is
interpreted as average. All of the three contents revealed scores interpreted as average. The highest score was on
History: Mean = 13.21; MPS = 63.76 percent and the lowest score was on Socio-cultural Landscapes of
CamarinesNorte: Mean = 9.01; MPS = 61.86 percent.

Findings show that the freshmen students had an average level of content knowledge on facts,
concepts, theories, and principles that are taught and learned in geometry, history and socio-cultural landscapes
of CamarinesNorte. This is anevidence that teachers should benchmark best practices and develop intervention
packages that will improve the performance of the students. They should also adjust instruction accordingly and
increase mastery level in the abovementioned areas. This is necessary because educators are directly responsible
for the, life-saving work. It is believed that a student who graduates from school with a mastery of essential
skills and knowledge has a good chance of successfully competing in the global marketplace, with numerous
opportunities to lead a rewarding adult life.

II. Development ofthe Contextualized Reference Material inSocial StudiesThe developed

contextualized reference material in Social Studies focuses in CamarinesNorte Geography, History and Socio-
cultural landscape. It also contains facts, concepts, theories and principles that are taught in History.

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It is written in Filipino as mandated that Social Studiesshall be written and taught in Filipino. It formally bears a
name SARONG BANTAYOG: A K to 12 contextualized reference material in Social Studies. The term “Sarong” from its
root word “saro” which means one. Oneness in heart, oneness in mind, oneness in heart and oneness in inspiration are the
key ideas and learning’s that the story of the province of CamarinesNorte history is telling to its people. The term
“Bantayog” is the pride of CamarinesNorte the first monument in honor of the heroism and inspiration of Dr. Jose P. Rizal.
It was erected on December 30, 1898. Looking into the dream to sustain unity and solidarity which history of the province is
implying and continue to be inspired by the pride attributed to Camnortenoes as the first group of people who gave eternal
recognition and admiration to the heroism of the national hero manifested in erecting the first monument of Dr. Jose P. Rizal
thus, the author named the book SARONG BANTAYOG.

Figure 1. Sarong Bantayog Reference Material and Manual Cover

The Sarong Bantayogas a K to 12 contextualized reference material can be used in basic education both for
elementary and secondary students. The content of the book is divided into three units. Namely: Geography, History and
Socio-cultural landscape of CamarinesNorte. This informative reference material about CamarinesNorte offers information
and lessons anchored to the learning competencies in Social Studies.
Aside from the contextualized reference material, this research also produced the Sarong Bantayog Teachers
Manual. This contains localized and indigenized teaching strategies.
The parts of the Sarong Bantayog contextualized reference material procedures are localized and indigenized. The
contents begin with the LambatinNatin (Fishing) inspired by the Mercedenoes because majority of them are engaged in
fishery and culture. This is establishing on what to learn and how it is connected to real life situations. Next part is
MinahinNatin (Mining) inspired by Paracale and Jose Panganiban-the two towns of gold. This is followed byBakasinNatin
(Tracing )inspired by culture of Tacboan in Vinzons which they used to barter. The native foods such as: barikolkol, balaw,
kakanin and sinantol where the celebration of festival was derived. The last part was the IbantayogNatin (Being proud on
patriotism)inspired by the lessons of the Bantayog, Daet revolt and the story of Pinaglabanan shrine. This is the closing point
the lessons that students should express their thoughts, insights and statements that could summarized the lesson

Analysis Phase
1. Pre-test results on student
content knowledge History,
Geography, Socio-cultural
landscapes of Camarines Norte
2. Teachers, administrators, expert’s
comments on contextualization

Evaluation Phase
Jurors assessment on the
developed contextualized
referenced material
Comments and Design Phase
Recommendations for 1. Learning objectives
possible enhancement 2. Learning activities
Post-test 3. Assessment
activities

Development Phase
Implementation Phase
 Making of contextualized Reference
Field trials
material
Demo –teaching
 Identifying content topics
Students gained knowledge

Figure 2. ADDIE Model

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III. Jurors’ Assessment in the Developed Contextualized Instructional Material in Social
Studies
This study is anchored on the thrust of improving the current educational system of the Philippines
which is not yet consistent not only with international standards but also on geographical, historical and socio-
cultural landscapes of the province of CamarinesNorte. The used of the developed teacher-made instructional
material is deemed significant in the light of improving the level of mastery of the students along level of
integrity on the desired learning competencies, level of contextualization, level of innovativeness as to features,
level of acceptability as to desired activities, strategies and assessment, and level of effectiveness. The material
could allow the students to evaluate their own progress and utilizetheir spare time to read the lesson as many
time as his ability to master requires. But, before doing so, the selected expert jurors evaluated the said
instructional materials. The foregoing discussion deals with the result of the evaluation.

Level of Integrity on the Desired Learning Competencies.Table 2 below shows the level of integrity
on the desired learning competencies as evaluated by the expert jurors. Evaluation on the level of integrity on
the desired learning competencies, generally got “high integrity”level with an overall composite mean of 3.91 as
rated by the expert jurors. Along with this criterion, all the indicators got “high integrity” level as indicated by
their respective means.
Table 2
Level of Integrity on the Desired Learning Competencies

Weighted
Indicators Verbal Interpretation
Mean
1. The objectives of the lessons are congruent to
Social Studies thrust to produce citizens who are
3.89 High Integrity
socially conscious, critical thinkers and socially
responsible.
2. The lessons shape students value on local
3.83 High Integrity
geography, history and culture.
3. The lessons strengthen collaborative learning as
3.94 High Integrity
well as independent learning.
4. The lessons shape students’ patriotism, love to
3.94 High Integrity
cultural heritage and issues of society.
5. The lessons are responsive in shaping citizens who
3.94 High Integrity
are Humane, Godly and Nationalistic .
Grand Mean 3.91 High Integrity

Legend: Scale Range Interpretation

3.26 to 4.00 High Integrity
2.51 to 3.25 Average Integrity
1.76 to 2.50 Fair Integrity
1.00 to 1.75 Poor Integrity

All of the indicators were rated with high integrity. There were 3 indicators which got the highest
weighted mean of 3.94 and these are the indicators on the lessons strengthening collaborative learning, as well
as independent learning; the lessons shaping students’ patriotism, love to cultural heritage and issues of society,
and lessons are responsive in shaping citizens who are humane, godly, and nationalistic. The lowest weighted
mean of 3.89 was on the objectives of the lessons being congruent to Social Studies thrust to produce citizens
who are socially conscious, critical thinkers and socially responsible.

This shows that the expert jurors find the developed instructional material in Social Studiesto be of
extraordinary truthfulness and reliability. It should have a tendency to communicate the truth and correspond to
fact or reality. Thus, learners spend less time finding what they need in the utilization of the instructional
material. As such, a usable instructional material allows leaner to move more quickly to a more enduring,
authentic learning.

Level of Contextualization.According to the Baker, et.al (2009) which produced Contextualized

Teaching and Learning: A Faculty Primer as part of the California Basic Skills Initiative and in partnership with
the Statewide Academic Senate and the Bay Area Workforce Funding Collaborative, contextualized teaching

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 American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2022
and learning (CTL), or the concept of relating subject matter content to meaningful situations that are relevant to
students’ lives, offers one promising approach to helping students learn more effectively. In terms of
components, most practitioners cite curriculum and instructional material development as central to
contextualized teaching and learning design and implementation. This requires the development of new
instructional materials due to the artificial nature of application in traditional texts and their lack of relevance to
students. Practitioners often acquire instructional resources from community partners or from students’ own
workplace experiences. Faculty frequently point out the significant time and resources required to develop,
document, and produce these materials at the beginning of a new practice.

Table 3 shows the assessment of the jurors along level of contextualization.

Table 3
Level of Contextualization
Weighted
Verbal Interpretation
Indicators Mean
1. The lessons provide geographical, historical and cultural
landscape of the province that the students should learn as 3.89 Highly Contextualized
member of the community.
2. The lesson provides students a chance to develop a mental
schema to understand the purpose of learning geography, 3.89 Highly Contextualized
history and culture of the province of Camarines Norte.
3. The lessons are unfolded in a relevant, meaningful and useful
ways that will sense the entire learning experience of the 3.94 Highly Contextualized
students.
4. Contextualized technologies are used in the language of the
locality that makes the students relate to the content of the 3.89 Highly Contextualized
lesson.
5. The lessons strengthen student knowledge and inspiration on
4.00 Highly Contextualized
local history, geography and culture.

Grand Mean 3.92 Highly Contextualized

Legend:
Scale Range Interpretation
3.26 – 4.00 Highly Contextualized
2.51 – 3.25 Averagely Contextualized
1.76 – 2.50 Fairly Contextualized
1.00 – 1.75 Poorly Contextualized
Relative to the above discussion, the developed instructional material in Social Studies was evaluated
by the selected expert jurors in terms of the level of contextualization. A result of such evaluation is shown in
Table 3. Evaluation on the level of contextualization, generally got “highly contextualized”level with an overall
composite mean of 3.92 as rated by the expert jurors.

Along with this criterion, it was found out that the lessonsstrengthened student knowledge on local
history, geography and culture with a mean of 4.0 and interpreted as “highly contextualized”. It was also found
out that the expert jurors find the instructional material acceptable since the lessons are unfolded in a relevant,
meaningful and useful ways that will sense the entire learning experience of the students, (Mean = 3.94). As a
whole, all the indicators got “highly contextualized” level as indicated by their respective means.

With the changes in the curriculum now, it is a necessity for every teacher to contextualize teaching
and learning processes and the instructional materials used because these engage teachers and students in active
classroom activities, ensuring that learning is student-centered and engaging. This finding is somehow similar to
that of Arce, Torres (2018) wherein she found out that her developed programmed instruction was evaluated as
excellent and highly contextualized.

Level of Innovativeness as to Features.The role of education all over the world is becoming more and
more significant and requires an in depth study since the life of the people is advanced, expanded and
complicated. Educators are once again asked to address problems which have arisen within their own society.
Thus, the search for ways to improve quality of education is global especially in line with social sciences

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including geography, history and culture. One area of focus is that managing and promoting learning inside the
classroom, how teachers’ utilized instructional materials are such an issue. Indeed, qualifications and resources
are not the only factors that influence teachers' effectiveness, equally important are teachers' motivation,
commitment, resourcefulness, innovativeness and creativeness in dealing with instructional materials. Lack of
these things will produce poor attendance and unprofessional attitudes towards students. Hence, in this study the
researcher selected 19 expert jurors to evaluate the developed instructional materials along level of
innovativeness as to features. Results of such evaluation are revealed in Table 4 as displayed on the next page.
Analysis of the data of the evaluation of the expert jurors of the developed instructional materials –
Sarong Bantayogare as follows: the Sarong Bantayog provides a framework of the entire learning material as to
how it will be used and assessed had the highest rating of 3.94, or “highly innovative”, indicating that the jurors
found the material provides a functional and adequate framework for learning. The indicators the Sarong
Bantayog provides easy to use and ready-made materials for collaborative and independent learning; the Sarong
Bantayog lessons uses tables, maps and figures for easy facilitation of instruction and learning; and the Sarong
Bantayog lessons provide students new learning experience that motivates students’ interest, excitement and
lover for learning were all rated 3.89 or “highly innovative”. This means that the jurors found the lessons
contained in the material were considered relevant to the course content, suitable to the target learners, the
learning activities were believed to able to carry out the objectives of Social Studies in a motivating, interesting
and exciting form of learning.
Table 4 : Level of Innovativeness as to Features

Weighted
Indicators Verbal Interpretation
Mean
1. The Sarong Bantayog provides a framework of the entire
3.94 Highly Innovative
learning material as to how it will be used and assessed.
2. The Sarong Bantayog progresses from the value to
knowledge and knowledge and skills acquisition which 3.83 Highly Innovative
are the thrust of the outcomes-based education.
3. The Sarong Bantayog provides easy to use and ready-
made materials for collaborative and independent 3.89 Highly Innovative
learning.
4. The Sarong Bantayog lessons use tables, maps and
3.89 Highly Innovative
figures for easy facilitation of instruction and learning.
5. The Sarong Bantayog lessons provide students new
learning experience that motivates students’ interest, 3.89 Highly Innovative
excitement and love for learning.
Grand Mean 3.89 Highly Innovative
Legend:
Scale Range Interpretation
3.26 – 4.00 High Innovative
2.51 – 3.25 Averagely Innovative
1.76 – 2.50 Fairly Innovative
1.00 – 1.75 Poorly Innovative

Meanwhile, the indicator that the Sarong Bantayog progresses from the value to knowledge and
knowledge and skills acquisition which are the thrust of outcomes-based education was rated 3.83 or “highly
innovative”, indicating that the lessons included in the material are suited to the target learners, the learning
activities are believe to be able to carry out the objectives of Social Studies. They were likewise found adequate,
varied and properly sequenced with provision for individual and group participation.

In comparison with the study of Seco-Macarandan (2019) where she concluded that the students found
the module interesting and moderately difficult. They learned much from the module and can work with it with
teacher as facilitator and instructor. They had ease in receiving the instruction, interested and motivated to learn
the subject, and gained significant learning using the module. Qualitative assessments however suggest that the
students have difficulty in understanding “sipi” (passages), which were written in English. Materials
unavailability due to limited number of copies of the module reaching the students affected the students’
appreciation of its content and their interest in learning the subject declined or hampered. The adoption of the
modules for use in Grade 7 is recommended however there is a strong need to translate “sipi” (passages) to the
English language. Thorough in-service training for teachers particularly on the implementation of the program is
implied. Subsidization of the cost of instructional materials was also suggested.

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Level of Acceptability as to Desired Activities, Strategies and Assessment.Table 5 reveals the result
of the evaluation of jurors of the developed instructional materials as to desired activities, strategies and
assessment. It was found out that the jurors find the instructional material generally “highly acceptable” as
evidenced by the composite mean of 4.0. All the indicators as to acceptability were rated 4.0 or “highly
acceptable”.

Table 5 : Level of Acceptability as to Desired Activities, Strategies, and Assessment

Weighted Verbal
Indicators
Mean Interpretation
1. The lessons are useful in conceptualizing Highly
4.00
lessons in Social Studies Acceptable

2. The contents are informative, appropriate Highly

4.00
and research-based. Acceptable
3. The Sarong Bantayog instructional material Highly
4.00
is readable and easy to use. Acceptable
4. The lessons observe the thrust of outcomes-
based education that thrives from purpose Highly
4.00
to knowledge to skills acquisition of the Acceptable
students.
5. The Sarong Bantayog instructional learning
Highly
material is properly lay-out and is usually 4.00
Acceptable
appealing.
Highly
Grand Mean 4.00
Acceptable
Legend:
Scale Range Interpretation
3.26 – 4.00 Highly Acceptable
2.51 – 3.25 Averagely Acceptable
1.76 – 2.50 Fairly Acceptable
1.00 – 1.75 Poorly Acceptable

The results above indicate that the developed material is acceptable for teaching and learning Social
Studies among freshmen students and it is responsive of the high requirement for the K to 12 curriculum.

Level of Effectiveness of the Instructional Material.Table 6 shows the results of the evaluation of
jurors of the developed instructional materials in Social Studies .

Table 6 : Level of Effectiveness of the Instructional Material

Weighted
Indicators Verbal Interpretation
Mean

1. The contents of the lessons focus of comprehensive ideas. 3.89 Highly Effective
2. There is clarity of direction and explanation. 3.89 Highly Effective
3. The activities employ active participation of students. 3.83 Highly Effective
4. The entire lesson is aligned to the expected outcomes. 3.94 Highly Effective
5. The instructional material is easy to use 3.83 Highly Effective
Grand Mean 3.88 Highly Effective
Legend:
Scale Range Interpretation
3.26 – 4.00 Highly Effective
2.51 – 3.25 Averagely Effective
1.76 – 2.50 Fairly Effective
1.00 – 1.75 Ineffective

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Data revealed that the developed instructional material, the Sarong Bantayog was generally “highly
effective” as shown by the composite mean of 3.88. The entire lesson is aligned to the expected outcomes, with
mean 3.94 or “highly effective”. On content of the material, it focuses on comprehensive ideas and there is
clarity of direction and explanation, which both had mean of 3.89 or “highly effective”. Furthermore, the
activities employ active participation of students and the instructional material is easy to use, both had mean of
3.83 or “highly effective”.
This result implies that the developed instructional material, the Sarong Bantayog can help schools,
students and teachers become more efficient. It points to the fact the more able students could work through
independent learning as rapidly as they could; while able students, although taking more time to complete a task,
would learn just as much as the more able ones.
To sum up, Table 7 presents the summary of evaluation of the Sarong Bantayog: A K to 12
Contextualized Reference Instructional Material in Social Studies .

Table 7 : Summary of the Assessment of the Reference Instructional Material

In Social Studies

Criteria Grand Mean Interpretation

1. Integrity on the desired competencies 3.91 High Integrity
2. Contextualization 3.92 Highly Contextualized
3. Innovativeness as to features 3.89 Highly Innovative
4. Acceptability as to desired activities,
4.00 Highly Acceptable
strategies and assessment
5. Effectiveness of the instructional
3.88 Highly Effective
material

IV. Effectiveness of the Implemented Contextualized Instructional Material in Social Studies as

Per Assessment of the Jurors

Table 8 shows the mean difference of pretest and posttest scores.

Table 8 : Mean Difference of Pretest and Posttest Scores

Pretest Posttest Difference
Areas
Mean MPS (%) Mean MPS (%) Mean MPS (%)
Geography 12.29 63.96 23.28 76.45 10.99 12.49
History 13.27 63.83 24.68 75.70 11.41 11.87
Culture 9.20 62.10 12.23 66.09 3.03 3.99
Average 34.76 63.37 60.18 73.14 25.42 9.77
Legend: MPS Description

96 – 100% Mastered
86 – 95% Closely approximating Mastery
66 – 85% Moving Towards Mastery
35 – 65% Average
15 – 34% Low
5 – 14% Very Low
0 – 4% Absolutely No Mastery

Data in Table 8 reveal the students’ pretest and posttest scores where the average pretest score in MPS
is 63.37 percent and the average posttest score in MPS is 73.14 percent. Thus, there is the average difference in
MPS of 9.77 percent. It can be seen that there is the shift from “Average” (MPS = 63.37) in the pretest to
“Moving towards Mastery” (MPS = 73.14) in the posttest. The obtained mean difference ranging from 3.03 to
11.41 in the pretest and posttest scores showed the narrow distribution of the scores under each area, reflecting
the similarity of the students in relation to their pretest and posttest scores in Social Studies along geography,
history and culture.

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American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2022
The t-test result for the difference in the pretest and posttest scores of the freshmen students in Social
Studies are shown in Table 9. This means that the scores obtained by the freshmen students were statistically
computed if the pretest and posttest results differ significantly.

Table 9 : t-test Result for the Difference in the Pretest and Posttest
of the Freshmen Students

Mean

Compared df Pre Post t- Critical Conclusion Interpretation

ratio
Groups test test t-value

Geography 12.29 23.28 8.425 There is a

significant
History 238 13.27 24.68 5.748 1.645 Reject Ho difference
Culture 9.20 12.23 6.764

In Geography, with the set degree of freedom at 238, the computed t-ration is 8.425 which is higher
than the critical t-value of 1.45 that the null hypothesis is rejected. This is interpreted that there is a significant
difference between the pretest and posttest evaluation of the freshmen students. This means that the increase in
the scores when the developed instructional material was applied implies the effectiveness of the said material.
Likewise in History, using the same degree of freedom: 238, the t-ratio of 5.748 is higher than the
critical value of 1.645. The null hypothesis, that there is no significant difference between the pretest and
posttest scores of the freshmen students, is thus rejected. This means that there is a significant difference
between the scores of the students and implies that the use of the developed instructional material is effective to
be used in History.
Further, when tested in Culture, the pretest and posttest showed using 238 as the degree of freedom, the
t-ratio of 6.74 is higher than the critical t-value of 1.645. Thus, the action is to reject the null hypothesis and
accept the alternative hypothesis that there is significant difference in the pretest and posttest scores of the
freshmen students. This means that statistically, the scores are significantly different and that the use of the
developed instructional material in the subject content of culture is effective.
Therefore, results showed that the developed instructional material, dubbed as Sarong Bantayog is
effective to be used in Geography, History, and Socio-cultural landscapes of CamarinesNorte. This
similarperformance might be attributed to the fact that before the posttest the developed instructional material –
Sarong Bantayog which could have enhanced the performance of the students. Hence, it is claimed the
developed instructional material is effective in improving the mastery level of the students along content
knowledge in Social Studies.
The effectiveness of the developed contextualized reference instructional material in Social Studies is
supported by the comments and recommendations given by the expert jurors is shown on Table 10 below.

Table 10 : Comments and Recommendations of the Expert Jurors

Aspects Comments Recommendations

Level of Integrity on the Desired A noble contribution to Camarines Norte Schools must be given a copy for teachers
Competencies teachers that enriches knowledge on and students use in Social Studies Subject
local,geographical and cultural landscape of
Camarines Norte
Level of Contextualization Well-written in a way students will understand Must be endorsed to DepEd for utilization
to help Social Studies teachers in teaching-
learning process

Level of Acceptability Highly commendable Add visual aspect

Very timely and relevant
First of a kind in
Camarines Norte
Pride of Camarines Norte
Level of Innovativeness First of a kind in
Camarines Norte
Pride of Camarines Norte

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American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR) 2022
Level of Effectiveness Contains creative teaching strategies and Enhance visual presentation
engaging activities
Can be used in Revitalized Homeroom
Lessons in Daet as a town of Camarines Norte Guidance Program (RHGP ) to inculcate
are presented in a creative and innovative love for their own town
way

The book contains stories that can be used in

contextualizing lessons in Social Studies

Contains comprehensive lessons about Daet

which makes it interesting

CONCLUSIONS

The following conclusions are derived from the findings of this study:

1. The freshmen high school students have average content knowledge in Geography, History, and
Socio-cultural landscapes of CamarinesNorte.
2. There is a contextual learning material called “Sarong Bantayog” that was developed for Social
Studies.
3. The jurors assessed the developed contextualized material in Social Studies as with high integrity,
highly contextualized, highly innovative, highly acceptable, and highly effective.
4. The developed contextualized material in Social Studies is effective.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The following recommendations are hereby forwarded:

1. To enhance the student’s content knowledge in geography, history and socio-cultural landscape of
CamarinesNorte and inspire the students on the situation of the province, it is hereby recommended
that the research based instructional supplemental material in contextualizing lessons in Social Studies
called Sarong Bantayog shall be used after securing ISSBN to legally protect the book.
2. It could be proposed that Sarong Bantayog Test be an exit point before moving up to grade 12 as part
of their citizenship education and allegiance to the locality they live.
3. The school head in her/his capacity should endorse the use of SARONG BANTAYOG: A K to 12
Contextualized reference material to Social Studies or even in other discipline/subject teachers. Each
teacher in CamarinesNorte is encouraged to buy a copy of the Sarong Bantayog: A K to 12
Contextualized Reference in Teaching the subject they handled. This is to provide them of reference
during contextualization of their lessons.
4. Based on the result of the of jurors’ assessment on the contextualized reference material in Social
Studies and the Teacher’s Manual which aim to raise and strengthen content knowledge and awareness
of students along Geography, History and Culture of CamarinesNorte, the author hereby recommends
the use of the Sarong Bantayog: A K to 12 contextualized reference material in Social Studies and the
Teacher’s Manual as these offer simultaneous lesson about CamarinesNorte.
5. To further make the SARONG BANTAYOG: A K to 12 Contextualized Reference Material in Social
Studies more comprehensive source of information about socio-cultural aspect (as one of its three
phases) second edition must be created by the researcher which contains contemporary achievers,
famous products and untold stories of Camarines Norte worthy to be known by every Camnorteno.
6. Recommendation for future study can include development of other instructional materials in other
content courses or subjects in the K to 12 curriculum and testing for its effectiveness.

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