Bulk storage and handling of solvents

and coalescents

Introduction
This publication provides information for solvent storage, No warranty is made of the merchantability or fitness
tank construction materials, and unloading tank cars and of any product, and nothing herein waives any of the
tank trucks containing Eastman solvents and coalescents. Seller’s conditions of sale.
The discussion and drawings are given as information
only and should be used solely as a guide in developing
procedures and facilities for handling these materials.
Storage equipment
Customers must determine for themselves the appropriate Tank construction and facilities for tank car and tank
procedures and facilities for their operations. truck handling of Eastman solvents and coalescents are
described and illustrated in this publication. The drawings
The information in this publication, along with the data
and discussions are given as information only and should
and information contained in Eastman’s Safety Data Sheets
be used solely as a guide in storing and handling these
(SDS), needs to be reviewed and understood to help ensure
products. Customers must determine for themselves the
the safe storage and handling of Eastman solvents and
appropriate procedures and facilities for their storage and
coalescents. It is the customer’s responsibility to direct and
handling operations.
control the unloading of any chemical or material into or
from bulk storage and handling facilities. Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of a typical storage tank.
For the location, fabrication, installation, inspection, and
Federal, state, and local regulations regarding the handling
testing of solvent storage tanks, the designer should refer
and storage of chemicals may vary widely in the United
to appropriate standards including the following:
States. The Federal Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA), Environmental Protection Agency •  ASME Boiler Pressure Code, Sect. VIII, Div. 1
(EPA), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), and a
•  API Standard 510—American Petroleum Institute
user’s insurance company also impose safety standards.
Inspection Codes
In addition, the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)
prescribes rules and regulations for unloading hazardous •  API Standard 570—Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and
materials from tank cars and tank trucks (see 49 CFR 100- Rerating of In-Service Piping
199). Knowledge of these and other appropriate federal •  API Standard 620—Rules for Design and Construction
and state laws and regulations as well as consultation of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks
with the proper authority should provide guidance for •  API Standard 650—Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
developing adequate handling procedures and constructing
appropriate storage and drumming facilities. •  API Standard 653—Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration,
and Reconstruction
Neither Eastman Chemical Company nor its marketing
•  API Standard 2000—Venting Atmospheric and Low-
affiliates shall be responsible for the use of this
Pressure Storage Tanks
information, or of any product, method, or apparatus
mentioned, and you must make your own determination •  29 CFR 1910.106—Flammable and Combustible Liquids
of its suitability and completeness for your own use, for •  NFPA 30—Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
the protection of the environment, and for the health and
safety of your employees and purchasers of your products.

1
Figure 1 Storage tank

Nitrogen or Vent to atmosphere or

inert gas Emergency vapor recovery device
blanketing pressure/vacuum via open pipe, conservation
system relief vent or flame arrestor
Measuring Vacuum as appropriate
nozzle

To vapor
Pressure recovery device

1/2-in.(13-mm)
antisiphon hole Fill and recirculate
line
Fill line

20-in.
Manhole To process

From tank car

or tank trailer

Tank
hold-down lug
Sloped bottom
Liquid level
gauge or level Centrifugal pump
transmitter
Ground
cable

Note: A leak detection system with provisions for secondary containment away from tanks or equipment is recommended.

Bonding and grounding are important to prevent the Piping

accumulation of static electricity and provide for its The lines used for transferring solvents and coalescents
safe discharge. Bonding and grounding are required into and away from the tank may be stainless or carbon
for all equipment, piping, tank cars, tank trailers, and steel. Carbon steel lines may cause contamination from
interconnections. Designers should refer to the appropriate rust. The lines should have as few flanged connections as
standards including the following: possible.
•  API Standard RP 2003—Protection Against Ignitions Pumps
Arising Out of Static, Lightning, and Stray Currents
For solvent transfer, stainless steel centrifugal or positive-
•  NFPA 77—Recommended Practice on Static Electricity displacement pumps with mechanical seals instead of
For maintenance of storage tanks and relief devices, it is packing glands are suggested. Where suction lift is needed,
recommended that the customer establish a schedule for a centrifugal pump should not be used unless specifically
the inspection of the tanks, relief devices, and piping on a designed for that purpose.
regular basis.
Valves
Tank construction materials Ball and plug valves with Teflon™ 1 plastic (or equivalent
The basic construction material suggested for tank PTFE2) seats, sleeves, and packing should be considered for
storage of Eastman solvents and coalescents is stainless solvent transfer lines.
or carbon steel. To reduce corrosion of the tank bottom
Gaskets
exterior, a coating should be applied between the tank and
CycleTite™ 3 or Teflon plastic (or equivalent PTFE) gaskets
foundation.
should be considered for use with solvents and coalescents.
1
DuPont
2
Poly(tetrafluoroethylene)
3
CycleTite

2
Vents Handling
If environmental laws and regulations of federal, state, The method of unloading will depend on the customer’s
and local agencies permit, tank vents may be open to equipment. Figures 2, 3, and 4 show typical unloading
the atmosphere. The vents should be angled at 45° facilities for transferring solvents and coalescents from
from vertical and cut off vertically to prevent rain from tank car to storage tank. All tank trailers and tank cars
entering. It is recommended that solvent storage tanks should be vented or pressurized with inert gas when
be provided with a blanket of inert gas or nitrogen and unloading. Figure 5 illustrates possible arrangements of
equipped with a pressure/vacuum conservation vent valve equipment for tank trailer unloading. The contents may be
piped away to a safe location. Refer to 29 CFR 1910.106 unloaded by using a pump supplied by the customer
for some federal requirements relative to flammable and
combustible liquids. It is recommended that combustible
solvents and coalescents handled at or above their flash
points be treated as if they were flammable solvents and Bulk unloading
coalescents.

Tank fill line

The tank fill line should extend to within 2 to 3 inches of
the bottom of the tank to help inhibit the accumulation of
static charges.

Figure 2 Tank car top unloading—fixed piping with swivel joints

Vapor balance return or Tank car

inert gas supply for flammable liquid
or vent for combustible liquid

Swivel joint Safety

Flexible metal hose Vacuum warning sign
breaker valve
Ground lines
Swivel
Flanged ball valves joint
(on car)
3 in. (7 mm) and
2 in. (51 mm) for
20,000-gal. car, Wheel chocks
2 in. (51 mm) and
1 in. (25 mm) for Grounding
10,000-gal. car

Fixed well To storage tank

line in car

Self-priming centrifugal or
positive-displacement pump

3
Figure 3 Tank car top unloading—flexible hose with flanged elbow

Vapor balance return or

inert gas supply for flammable liquid Tank car
or vent for combustible liquid
Vacuum
breaker valve
Swivel joint
Safety
Ground lines warning sign

Flanged ball valves Swivel

(on car) joint
3 in. (76 mm) and
2 in. (51 mm) for
20,000-gal. car, Wheel chocks
2 in. (51 mm) and
1 in. (25 mm) for Grounding
10,000-gal. car

Fixed well To storage tank

line in car

Self-priming centrifugal or
Flexible positive-displacement pump
metal hose

Figure 4 Tank car top unloading­— removable well pipe with swivel joints

Tank car

Ground lines
Swivel joint Safety
warning sign

Manhole, Swivel
18 or 20 in. joint
(457 or 508 mm)

Wheel chocks

Grounding

Removable
well pipe
To storage tank

Self-priming centrifugal or
positive-displacement pump

4
The following procedures for unloading tank cars and tank 1. Read storage tank liquid level gauge, record reading,
trailers are for information only. The comprehensive United convert inventory to gallons, and make certain that
States Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations tank will accept contents of tank car.
should also be consulted and observed. It is the customer’s
2. Spot tank car at unloading station and set hand brake.
responsibility to be aware of and comply with all laws and
Apply chocks to wheels to help prevent movement of
regulations governing the unloading of tank cars and tank
car in either direction. Position warning sign on each
trucks.
side of car along rails and, if necessary, attach derailing
Eastman solvents and coalescents are shipped in steel, device to rails or lock switch to spur track involved.
aluminum, or stainless steel tank cars and/or stainless
3. Attach a ground wire to tank car.
steel and aluminum tank trailers. The usual tank car sizes
are 10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 gallons. Tank trailer sizes 4. Read and record tank car number, numbers on metal
vary between 4,000 and 6,500 gallons. Compartmented tape seals located at various openings on car, and
tank trailers or tank cars are available for delivery of mixed product identification tags on manhole and bottom
loads. The unloading area should be provided with an outlet. If these do not agree with information in
emergency containment and drainage system to direct shipping papers, check with shipper before unloading.
the contents of the delivery vehicle to a safe location
other than the sanitary sewer or surface waters in the 5. Depending on type of unloading facilities, connect
event of a spill. Also, a vapor return can be used to comply flexible stainless steel or chemical rubber hose
with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) venting to outlet valve on car, or lower well pipe through
requirements. manhole.

A properly designed system utilizing vapor return can be 6. Make certain car is vented. For top unloading through
used to reduce vapor generation and increase recovery flexible well line, open smaller ball valve next to
of solvents and coalescents. It is also recommended that unloading line. For bottom unloading, prop open
a nitrogen or inert gas blanket be used during loading or manhole cover on car a few inches. For flammable
unloading of materials at or above their flash points. material, start inert gas purge.

Tank car unloading 7. Open all valves in transfer line between tank car and
bulk storage tank. Start pump and immediately check
Unloading operations must be performed in accordance
transfer line for leaks.
with 49 CFR 174.67. It is recommended that tank cars be
unloaded from the top, making it easier to shut off the 8. Check liquid level gauge on storage tank to ensure
flow if a transfer line leaks or ruptures. This helps minimize liquid is being transferred.
the chance of an accidental discharge. Figures 2 through
4 show several unloading arrangements for tank cars. In 9. When tank car is empty, stop pump and close valves
Figures 2 and 3, the unloading lines are connected to the on car. Close valves in transfer line. For flammable
fixed well line in the car. This arrangement provides a more material, stop inert gas purge.
nearly closed system and minimizes personnel exposure. 10. Disconnect flexible hose or raise well pipe. Walk all
The unloading method shown in Figure 4 involves lowering flexible hoses into proper catch containers, ensuring no
a well pipe through the open manhole of the car. For top product is lost onto the ground. Collect the drainings
unloading, an approach platform is suggested. for proper waste disposal. Close up car to its original
condition as required by DOT regulations. Remove
chocks, warning signs, derails, and switch locks.
Typical unloading procedure for tank cars
11. Read storage tank liquid level gauge and
record reading.

5
Tank trailer unloading
A cargo tank must be attended by a qualified person
designated by the customer at all times during unloading in
accordance with 49 CFR 177.834(2). Tank trailer unloading
connections (Figure 5) show the liquid being unloaded
through a stationary pump.

Figure 5 Tank trailer unloading stationary pump

Inert gas supply for flammable liquid

or vent for combustible liquid

Steel or aluminum
tank trailer

Chocks
Grounding
To storage tank

Centrifugal pump
Flexible hose
(on trailer)
3-in. (76-mm) female quick-
Grounding connect fitting on pump outlet

Typical unloading procedure for tank trailers

1. Read storage tank liquid level gauge, record reading, 7. Open trailer manual outlet valve and trailer hydraulic
convert inventory to gallons, and make certain that outlet valve. Advise that customer’s pump may be
tank will accept contents of tank trailer. started.

2. Position tank trailer at unloading station and set hand 8. Check transfer lines for leaks. Check storage tank liquid
brake. Apply chocks to trailer wheels to help prevent level gauge to ensure liquid is being transferred.
movement in either direction.
9. When tank trailer is empty, close hydraulic outlet
3. Attach a ground wire to tank truck. valve, stop pump and close trailer manual outlet valve.
For flammable liquids, stop inert gas purge. Close
4. Read and record tank trailer number, numbers on seals
dome lid or trailer vent valve. Close valves in transfer
located on various openings on trailer, and product
line.
identification tags on manhole and bottom outlet.
If these do not agree with information on shipping 10. Disconnect and walk all hoses into proper catch
papers, check with shipper before unloading. containers, ensuring no product is lost onto the ground.
Collect the drainings for proper waste disposal.
5. Connect flexible stainless steel or chemical rubber hose
to tank trailer outlet and to quick-connect fitting on 11. Secure all manholes, valves, closures in closed position
inlet of customer’s pump (Figure 5). and verify no leaks.

6. Make certain flexible hose is connected correctly. Open 12. Remove chocks from trailer wheels.
valves in line between trailer and storage tank. Open
13. Read storage tank liquid level gauge and record
dome lid or vent valve. For flammable liquids, start
reading.
inert gas purge. Proceed with unloading.

6
Safety precautions
Information
A Safety Data Sheet (SDS) providing toxicity information,
physical and chemical data, and spill and emergency
response information is available for each Eastman solvent.
The user should review this publication before undertaking
to handle, store, or use any Eastman solvent. For copies,
contact your Eastman representative.

Protective clothing
Protective clothing such as gloves, goggles, face shields,
boots, and aprons—appropriate for the chemical being
handled—should be readily available and should be worn
by personnel involved in the handling operation. Consult
the SDS for recommended practices.

Technical assistance
If you have questions concerning the handling of
Eastman solvents and coalescents, contact your Eastman
representative. The information in this publication, along
with the data and information contained in Eastman’s
Safety Data Sheets, needs to be reviewed and understood
to help ensure the safe handling of Eastman solvents and
coalescents. It is the customer’s obligation to direct and
control unloading of any chemicals or materials into or
from bulk storage and handling facilities.

7
Eastman Chemical Company
Corporate Headquarters
P.O. Box 431
Kingsport, TN 37662-5280 U.S.A.
Telephone:
U.S.A. and Canada, 800-EASTMAN (800-327-8626)
Other Locations, (1) 423-229-2000
Fax: (1) 423-229-1193

Eastman Chemical Latin America

9155 South Dadeland Blvd.
Suite 1116
Miami, FL 33156 U.S.A.
Telephone: (1) 305-671-2800
Fax: (1) 305-671-2805

Eastman Chemical B.V.

Fascinatio Boulevard 602-614
2909 VA Capelle aan den IJssel
The Netherlands
Telephone: (31) 10 2402 111
Fax: (31) 10 2402 100

Eastman (Shanghai) Chemical

Commercial Company, Ltd. Jingan Branch
Although the information and recommendations set forth herein are presented
1206, CITIC Square
in good faith, Eastman Chemical Company makes no representations or
No. 1168 Nanjing Road (W)
warranties as to the completeness or accuracy thereof. You must make your
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own determination of their suitability and completeness for your own use,
Telephone: (86) 21 6120-8700 for the protection of the environment, and for the health and safety of
Fax: (86) 21 5213-5255 your employees and purchasers of your products. Nothing contained herein
is to be construed as a recommendation to use any product, process, equipment,
Eastman Chemical Japan Ltd. or formulation in conflict with any patent, and we make no representations or
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OTHER NATURE ARE MADE HEREUNDER WITH RESPECT TO INFORMATION
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OR THE PRODUCT TO WHICH INFORMATION REFERS AND NOTHING HEREIN
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WAIVES ANY OF THE SELLER’S CONDITIONS OF SALE.
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#05-04 Winsland House handling and storing our products are available online or by request. You
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Singapore 239519 our products. If any materials mentioned are not our products, appropriate
industrial hygiene and other safety precautions recommended by their
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manufacturers should be observed.
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© 2013 Eastman Chemical Company. Eastman is a trademark of
Eastman Chemical Company. All other brands are the property of their
www.eastman.com respective owners.

M-190F 6/13