Principle of Management Report - Group 6
Principle of Management Report - Group 6
Principle of Management Report - Group 6
MID-TERM REPORT
Submitted by : Group 6
Course : Principles of Management
Class: : QTRE303(GĐ2-HK1-2021).3
Instructor : PhD. Hoang Anh Duy
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2
1. Rationale of study ............................................................................................ 2
2. Research objective ........................................................................................... 2
3. Research object ................................................................................................ 2
LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................... 4
1. Definition of Leadership: ................................................................................ 4
2. Types of power: ............................................................................................... 4
2.1. Coercive power .............................................................................................. 4
2.2. Reward power ................................................................................................ 4
2.3. Legitimate power ........................................................................................... 4
2.4. Expert power .................................................................................................. 5
2.5. Referent power ............................................................................................... 5
3. Leadership Approaches .................................................................................. 5
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...................................................................... 7
1. Approaches ...................................................................................................... 7
2. Research methods ............................................................................................ 7
3. Analysis methods ............................................................................................. 7
FINDING AND ANALYSIS OF LEADERSHIP ............................................. 8
1. Overview of the scene: “Harry Potter - Transformational Leadership” .. 8
2. Leadership traits ............................................................................................. 8
3. Leadership styles ........................................................................................... 11
RECOMMENDATION .................................................................................... 12
1. Recommendation from the video ................................................................. 12
2. Recommendation from the reality ............................................................... 13
2.1. Start by Understanding Your Leadership Style ......................................... 13
2.2. Being confident............................................................................................ 13
2.3. Understand strengths employees’ and weaknesses .................................... 13
2.4. Giving useful and consistent feedback ....................................................... 13
CONCLUSION .................................................................................................. 15
REFERENCES .................................................................................................. 16
APPENDIX ........................................................................................................ 17
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ABSTRACT
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INTRODUCTION
1. Rationale of study
Leaders have played an important role in the development of organizations
all around the world. Leadership is defined as the capacity to influence, change,
and exert control over the conduct of others in a group. It refers to a person's or a
group's capacity to influence and guide members of an organization. Leadership
entails setting a clear objective, conveying the vision so that people would freely
follow, and providing the knowledge, information, and processes needed to
achieve the goal. Simply described, leadership is the capacity of an individual or
an organization to lead or guide others.
Managing with outstanding leadership has grown even more challenging in
today's globally competitive business climate, highlighting the need of analyzing
and developing the skill. People are becoming more aware of the importance of
leadership in today's businesses. Leadership is described as a willingness to
assume responsibility for the organization and a strong drive to achieve its goals.
Effective leadership requires both experience and competence, yet the skill and
the characteristics that contribute to it may be developed through time. Individuals
and organizations are now worried about the factors and expressions, which we
shall discuss throughout the research.
2. Research objective
Our study aims to provide an insightful analysis of leadership through
leaders' personal traits, behaviors, and styles, supported by theoretical frameworks
for fundamental understanding, using all the knowledge gained in the Principle of
Management course, as well as additional research and reference. We would also
address specific recommendations to improve leadership strategy and execution
after obtaining specific findings and results.
3. Research object
Leadership is not a skill that can be learned from a book; it must be gained
by experiences such as holding a leadership position, organizing an event,
speaking in front of a group, or participating in a leadership program. Only a few
people are born with the ability to lead. If you have it in you, consider yourself
lucky. We might become so engaged in the influence of others (mostly parents
and teachers) – how they want us to be or how they would respond to our decision
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– that we lose sight of our true selves and start acting in ways they have
taught/expect us to perform.
Because leadership is such a crucial skill for managing one's personal life,
dealing with relationships, and working in organizations, we believe the study will
be beneficial to anyone wanting to develop their personal value, produce valuable
experiences, and improve their employability. Recruiters and businesses can use
the findings to evaluate qualified candidates for leadership positions or to develop
creative training sections to improve the skills of their employees. If you think
you have what it takes to be a successful leader but aren't sure, the information
below could help.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Definition of Leadership:
The process of leading and persuading a group to reach a common goal is
known as leadership. Effective leadership is built on original and borrowed ideas
that are effectively communicated to others in a way that entices people to perform
in the way the leader desires.
A leader motivates people to take action while also directing the way they
act. They must be convincing enough for others to follow their directions, and
they must have critical thinking and leading skills to know how to best use the
resources available to an organization.
2. Types of power:
Great leader’s influence can determine how well common goals are met by
using power as a key tool. There are 5 types of power: coercive power, reward
power, legitimate power, expert power, and referent power.
2.1. Coercive power
Coercive power is the ability of a manager to force an employee to follow
an order by threatening the employee with punishment if the employee does not
comply with the order. The most important concept to understand about coercive
power is that it uses the application of force. It seeks to force or compel behavior
rather than to influence behavior through persuasion. This type of power can be
used to set high expectations for employee performance. Leaders can use coercive
power to establish innovation as part of their employee’s responsibilities – if
people aren’t able to come up with new and inventive ways of doing things, then
they might get replaced with someone who can provide that value.
2.2. Reward power
Reward power is simply the power of a manager to give some type of
reward to an employee as a means to influence the employee to act. This may be
done through giving bonuses, raises, promotions, additional time off from work,
etc. It is a positive way to motivate employees while they are on the job. No matter
how big or small the prize is, the allure of it can foster creativity, healthy
competition, and excitement across your team.
2.3. Legitimate power
Legitimate power comes from the formal position or office you have in the
organization's hierarchy of authority. For example, the president of a corporation
has certain powers because of the office he holds in the corporation.
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Legitimate power, like most other forms of power, is based upon perception and
reality. It is based on the reality that a person holds a particular position in an
organization. It's also based on the perception of an employee that someone
holding that position has authority to exert control over him.
2.4. Expert power
Expert power is power based upon employees' perception that a manager
or some other member of an organization has a high level of knowledge or a
specialized set of skills that other employees or members of the organization do
not possess. Because expert power is not restricted to the formal leaders of an
organization, it has the potential to turn power dynamics upside down. Any
member of an organization who has a high level of knowledge or a set of
specialized skills that others in the organization do not possess may exert expert
power to get others to help the organization meet their goals.
2.5. Referent power
Referent power in leadership is the ability of a leader to build the respect
and admiration of his followers in such a way that they wish to be like him. In
other words, referent power comes from being trusted and respected. Referent
power is based upon a leader modeling his behavior to demonstrate appropriate
conduct and decision making. Employees will observe a manager's behavior and
act as they believe their managers would act in the same situation.
If you have referent power, it means you have already made progress towards
changing your organizational culture. And with each successful project, this
reference will only grow, encouraging your employees to take bigger, smarter
risks and keep moving forward.
3. Leadership Approaches
Leadership has an important and critical role in determining the success of an
organization. In the study of leadership, there are three basic approaches or
theories: the traits or psychological approach, the situational or contingency
approach, and the behavioral approach. The trait approach to leadership was one
of the earliest theories of leadership. Although it is not a fully articulated theory
with well-developed hypotheses, the trait approach formed the basis of most early
leadership research. This approach focuses on the personal attributes (or traits) of
leaders, such as physical and personality characteristics, competencies, and
values. It views leadership solely from the perspective of the individual leader.
Implicit in this approach is the assumption that traits produce patterns of behavior
that are consistent across situations. That is, leadership traits are considered to be
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enduring characteristics that people are born with and that remain relatively stable
over time. Furthermore, trait theories ignored the impact of situational factors. It
has been possible to define universal and unique leadership attributes. Because
leaders do not live in a vacuum, their social, cultural, and physical environments
play an important influence in their development and survival. Researchers have
concluded that successful leadership is the result of the interaction between the
traits of the leader and the situation itself (i.e., the contingency approach to
leadership). They have realized that the interaction between the leader and the
situation is key to understanding leadership, along with the specification of
important trait and situational variables.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1. Approaches
These research papers explain the process of analyzing the leadership traits
and styles of a give person based on the existing studies and theories on leadership
as well as giving recommendations. With all the things we have learned about
leadership from interesting and beneficial exercises in every lecture during the
“Principles of Management course” in Foreign Trade University as well as our
group’s research results, we apply it to analysis the leadership traits and styles of
Harry Potter in the short video “Harry Potter and the order of Phoenix”
2. Research methods
Most of our data basically came from online sources. We collected our data
with some useful tools that are available on the Internet. As for academic
knowledge, we visit some academic websites which are in the reference part of
this report and most important the materials which were provided by our teachers
in “Principles of Management course” - Mr. Hoang Anh Duy.
The length of our research lasted for around two weeks. First, we started by
choosing a promising video that can give people a proper understanding of
leadership traits and styles used in it. Then, we verified the most suitable theories
that would help our analysis be more understandable. It gave us materials in order
that we categorized and analyzed.
3. Analysis methods
After collecting all the information we need, we studied the data to understand
it properly and gave some suitable worthy pieces of information to appear in our
work. Each member of our group presented the understandings about leadership
traits and styles used in the video based on academic knowledge and then, we
worked together and decided the main point of our research. Finally, we
developed the recommendations using the data from analysis of traits and styles
of leadership in the video “Harry Potter”.
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FINDING AND ANALYSIS OF LEADERSHIP
1. Overview of the scene: “Harry Potter - Transformational
Leadership”
In the scene, Harry Potter is the leader of Dumbledore's Army - a secret
organization whose purpose is teaching Hogwarts students practical defensive
magic. He organizes classes training the members how to implement advanced
magical techniques. Based on his own experience and skills, Harry Potter shows
his fellows how to do them and guides each member by his own. Moreover, he
always inspires all of the members to do their best job. He encourages Seamus,
George to do the magic; gives Ginny an incentive compliment when she does a
good job; and reminds Luna to stay focused. Harry reassures Neville, who is
having difficulty performing magic and personally tutors him as well as Cho
Chang how to implement those techniques. He cares about everyone and always
praises the members whenever they make progress. At the end of the video, after
the speech, we can see that the applause means that all the members really love
and respect Harry Potter.
2. Leadership traits
• DRIVE
- The short video points out that Harry Potter has certainty and persistence during
the practice sessions.
- Throughout the video, we can see him putting a lot of effort into training his
friends about the use of magic. Also, he is quite strict about each member's
practice.
- Besides, his tireless persistence in the training sessions can be noticed in his
continuous tracking of each member while walking around the room: "Keep
trying, Seamus"; "George, your turn now"; "So, focus, Luna"... Especially, when
it comes to Neville (the guy in the opening scene whose wand flows out of his
hand then almost hits the others in the room), who appears to be the worst one,
although Neville thinks that he is hopeless, Harry Potter is still persistent on
teaching him step by step until he can successfully perform the magic.
• DESIRE TO LEAD
- Harry shows his willingness to take responsibility for carefully teaching his
friends how to control their magic.
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- Firstly, one of the most noticeable pieces of evidence is the room in the video
where they are practicing the magic, which Harry finds. He takes the initiative to
find a place for practice sessions even when the school's rules still prevent him
from doing so.
- Secondly, he has a significant impact on his members' performance by
consistently using words that raise their spirit, promoting dynamism and
efficiency in practice: "You're doing so well"; "Very good, keep your
concentration"; "Great work"; "Fantastic."
- Last but not least, Harry demonstrates his strong desire to lead the way when he
keeps walking around the room to observe and guide all members to practice
correctly.
• SELF-CONFIDENCE
- Harry convinces his members of the rightness of goals and decisions by showing
self-confidence in what he says, what he does, and what he decides. He was full
of confidence in several details in the short clip.
- Besides words to boost the spirit, he is also confident in his instruction, noting:
"A full-bodied Patronus is the most difficult to produce, but shield forms can also
be equally useful against a variety of homes." His dedication to helping Neville
do the magic successfully also contributes to his confidence.
→ All these make him different from the rest, becoming a leader who can make
all members feel that they are stepping on solid ground.
• INTELLIGENCE
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- It is true that leaders need to be intelligent enough to synthesize and interpret a
large amount of information; they also need to create visions, solve problems, and
make correct decisions. We can also find this in Harry Potter's traits.
- His intellect is initially demonstrated by finding out a place where all others can
perform magic, despite any restrictions from external factors.
- Furthermore, he is so intelligent that after having studied, he has decided to
suggest that his friends practice the basics first, which are the magic they practice
in the first half of the video. Besides, by understanding that everyone here has a
unique perspective, Harry walks to each member, correcting those doing the spell
wrong personally. It is the right choice of Harry to let his members experience the
magic and grow with them doing it, rather than his doing it for them.
• JOB-RELEVANT KNOWLEDGE
- Through the short video, we could see that Harry Potter clearly understands the
use of magic and the key factors in achieving their goal of winning the competitor.
Therefore, he can make well-informed decisions and understand about
implications of those decisions.
- His professional knowledge is evident in various situations as he discusses the
nature of magic, such as: "Just remember, your Patronus can only protect you for
as long as you stay focused", or "Shield forms can also be equally useful against
a variety of homes."
- It is clear that Harry stands out among the rest in the room and gains the absolute
trust of others, implying that he is the most knowledgeable one.
• EXTRAVERSION
- Throughout the video, Harry exposes to being energetic, sociable, and assertive.
His strong voice and his assertiveness when guiding the magic influence his
members a lot.
- He is also a good communicator that he knows well how to encourage to boost
his members' spirit and make them more confident.
In conclusion, Harry owns all the 7 traits required to be an effective leader. The
loud applause from his members in the video's last scene can be the final spot to
prove it.
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3. Leadership styles
Leadership is beyond a major skill, due to its complexity and requiring lots
of other related skills.
The Harry Potter series is proof that leadership is of supreme importance,
and the main character, Harry Potter, has proved himself to be an effective and
excellent leader, with a transformational style.
According to Bass, these are the hallmarks of a transformational leader that sets
them apart from other leadership styles. A transformational leader is someone
who:
- Encourages the motivation and positive development of followers
- Exemplifies moral standards within the organization and encourages the same
of others
- Fosters an ethical work environment with clear values, priorities, and standards.
- Builds company culture by encouraging employees to move from an attitude of
self-interest to a mindset where they are working for the common good
- Holds an emphasis on authenticity, cooperation, and open communication
- Provides coaching and mentoring but allows employees to make decisions and
take ownership of tasks
Truth and transparency are one of the most important must-have qualities
creating an outstanding leader, and obviously, Harry's character has them in
spades. Though the truth isn't always easy to face, addressing it with caution and
respect allows everyone involved to be held accountable for the outcomes. Harry
has a strong ability to communicate with others. In many challenging situations,
effective communication is the best option. Throughout the seven-part series,
Harry faces problems, hurdles, and foes when it would have been easier to flee,
surrender, or not show up at all, but he faces them head-on and uses his
communication abilities to conquer the issue and the people around him. When
the time came, Harry had the courage to go it alone. He also had the patience to
teach his allies protective spells so that they could form a formidable army to
defend themselves and defeat Voldemort.
He is open to hearing other people's perspectives when it comes to
determining where their army should train or listening to their concerns about
Voldermort. He has created an environment in which others feel heard and where
progress leads to leadership achievement. Harry is a fantastic leader in general.
He shows all of the attributes listed above and establishes himself as a great leader
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RECOMMENDATION
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results. Other students Harry Potter, then followed his instructions without any
doubt. Harry also believed in his friends, so he let them practice themselves
2. Recommendation from the reality
2.1. Start by Understanding Your Leadership Style
Understanding your current leadership style is essential. Being aware of
your leadership style allows you to claim ownership, take responsibility, and help
your company evolve and succeed.
Individuals can exhibit a combination of styles, but we all have a
predominant style that is the most natural and comfortable manner in which we
lead. Through self-awareness, you can learn to adapt and try new approaches as
well as learn how to best leverage your predominant style.
2.2. Being confident
All great leaders have to exhibit an air of confidence if they’re going to
succeed.
Confidence is important because people will be looking to you on how to
behave, particularly if things aren’t going 100% right. If you remain calm and
poised, team members are far more likely to as well. As a result, morale and
productivity will remain high, and the problem will be solved more quickly.
If you panic and give up, they will know immediately, and things will
simply go downhill from there.
2.3. Understand strengths employees’ and weaknesses
From a manager's perspective, identifying strengths and weaknesses is the
secret to unlocking the potential of every employee and every team. This
information enables leaders to make smarter decisions about assignments, deliver
more effective performance reviews, and ensure that every employee can grow
and succeed.
2.4. Giving useful and consistent feedback
The saying goes, “Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day; teach a
man to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime.” It’s the same with feedback. Give
your employees an annual review and you give them something to think about for
a day. However, giving frequent feedback every few weeks teaches your
employees to fish. Through helping them recognize their accomplishments and
letting them know what works and what doesn’t teach them a long term, useful
skill.
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Providing frequent feedback not only guides your employees toward
recognizing their weaknesses and strengths, but it also helps them learn how to
work with these characteristics. Rather than both of you ignoring a flaw, bring it
up so that it can be dealt with.
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CONCLUSION
Jim Rohn has said: "A good objective of leadership is to help those who are
doing poorly to do well and to help those who are doing well to do even better."
Good leadership is essential to business, government, and the numerous
groups and organizations that shape the way we live, work and play. It is a crucial
factor for making an organization successful. Leadership transforms potential into
reality. An organization without a leader is like a ship without a captain as they
guide the sails.
After spending over two months attending the Principles of Management
course and producing the final report about the leadership analysis through the
short video about Harry Potter, our group recognized the relevance of leadership
styles in a team or organization. It defined the essential skills needed to be an
effective leader. Based on our examination of Harry Potter's leadership attributes
and styles, we can conclude that leaders must develop their management
techniques and self-reflect on what their beliefs entail for their leadership styles.
Future leaders and managers need to identify and build a personal leadership style
to succeed in a future society. It’s also essential to realize that leadership is a social
process. It’s less about a solid or charismatic individual and more about a group
of people working collectively to achieve results together. Moreover, leadership
isn’t a destination — it’s something that we will have to work at regularly
throughout our career, regardless of what level we reach in our organization.
Moreover, we propose some recommendations that we think will help future
leaders in the management process. It is critical to improve on the weaknesses and
strengths of one's leadership style to become more successful and balanced in
leading others. This knowledge points leaders in the right direction for developing
goals and a training plan to help them become better leaders.
Besides, thanks to this course, we learned how to drive team members through
positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and inspiration.
Knowing how to use such approaches is an essential soft skill, and we can utilize
them in our careers, studies, and daily life.
All in all, we would like to express our thankfulness to Mr. Hoang Anh Duy
for being so encouraging and doing everything you can to keep us motivated and
supported throughout our group work. We wholeheartedly appreciate your
warmth and willingness to clarify information. We wish you the best with your
career and your future life!
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REFERENCES
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APPENDIX
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JOB DESCRIPTION
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