COURSE CODE COURSE NAME L T P C

Theory          
BM0502 Biosensors 3 2 0 4

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

 An introduction to the field of biosensors and an in-depth and quantitative view of

device design and performance analysis
 An overview of the current state of the art to enable continuation into advanced
biosensor work and design
 To define the major performance characteristics of any biosensor and design an
experiment to measure that characteristic
 To evaluate a sensor based on standard performance criteria and appropriateness for
an application

Study of biological sensors in the human body and their basic mechanism of action,
organization of nervous system - neuronal mechanism and circuit processing - Study of
various corpuscles like pacinian - functions and modeling - Chemoreceptor, hot and cold
receptors, baro receptors, sensors for smell, sound, vision, osmolality and taste.
Different Transduction principles - Temperature transducers - thermo resistive transducers,
thermoelectric, p-n junction, chemical thermometry. Displacement transducers -
potentiometric - resistive strain gauges - inductive displacement - capacitive displacement
transducer.
Pressure transducer - indirect method - measurement of blood pressure using
sphygmomanometer - instrument based on Korotkof sound, strain gauge and LVDT
transducers, capacitive and piezo electric type, catheter tip transducers - measurement of
intracranial pressure - catheter tip - implantable type.
Biosensors - Introduction, Advantages and limitations, various components of Biosensors,
Biocatalysts based biosensors, bioaffinity based biosensors & microorganisms based
biosensors, biologically active material and analyte. Types of membranes used in biosensor
constructions.
Ion exchange membrane electrodes - oxygen electrodes - CO2 electrodes enzyme electrode -
construction - ISFET for glucose, urea etc. Electrolytic sensors - optical sensor - fiber optic
sensors. Biosensors in clinical chemistry, medicine and health care - Commercial prospects
for biomolecular computing systems.
REFERENCE BOOKS

 Michael R. Newman, David G. Flemming, "Physical Sensors for Bio Medical

Applications", CRC Press Inc, Florida, 1980
 Aboul - Enein, H. V., Stefan, R. and Van Staden, (1999) Chemiluminiscence - based
biosensors - An overview crit Rev. Anal. Chem
 Pearson, J.E. Gill, A., and Vadgama, P. (2000) Analytical aspects of biosensors Ann
Clin Biochem 37, 119-145
 R.S.C Cobbold, "Transducers for Biomedical Instruments", Prentice Hall
  D L Wise, "Applied Bio Seonsors", Butterworth London

BM0504 Digital Image Analysis 3 1 2 4

PURPOSE
The course is designed to give basic knowledge about digital image analysis and how the
same can be applied to Medical Images. It gives fundamental idea on image representation,
preprocessing, analysis and classification. It also focuses on reconstruction of medical
images and transmission of the same.
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

 To give basic working knowledge on digital images analysis

 Enable the students to analyze and appreciate various imaging techniques

Image perception, Computer graphics and Image processing. MTF of the visual system,
Image fidelity criteria, Image model, Image sampling and quantization, Windowing,
Neighborhood operations. 2D - sampling theory, Image quantization, optimum mean square
quantizer, Image transforms - 2D - DFT and other transforms. Rotation, resizing,
mathematical transforms of image.
Image enhancement, point operation, Histogram modeling, spatial domain operations,
Frequency domain operations, Image restoration, Image degradation Model, Inverse and
Wiener filtering.
Image Analysis, Image Spatial feature extraction, edge detection, Image segmentation,
Classification techniques, Color image processing.
Image reconstruction from projections, Random transform, filter back projection algorithm,
Algebraic methods, 3D Tomography, Imaging methods in CT scanners, Reconstruction of
CT images, Imaging methods in MRI images, Fourier reconstruction of MRI. 3D imaging.
Depth from Triangulation, Time of flight, multiple projections.
Image compression - Lossy & Lossless compression, transform coding, pixel coding,
predictive coding, Interference coding.
REFERENCE BOOKS

 Gonzalaz. R and Wintz P. "Digital Image Processing:, Addision Wesley Publishing

Co, 2007
 Anil. K.J "Fundamentals of digital Image Processing", Prentice Hall of India Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi, 1995
 Bernd Jahne "Digital Image Processing", 6th revised and extended edition, Springer
 Semmlow John L. "Biosignal & Biomedical Image Processing - MATLAB based
applications", Marcel Dekker Inc.,
 Albert Macouski, "Medical Imaging systems", Prentice Hall, New Jersey
 Eric Kresetl, "Imaging Systems for Medical Diagnosis", Siemens
 Alfred Horowitz, "MRI Physics for Radiologist-Visual Approach", Springer Verkerg,
New york
BM0506 Physiological control systems 3 1 2 4

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

 Develop simple mathematical models of physiological control systems

 Apply the basic analytical techniques in control theory to determine the dynamic
characteristics of linear closed-loop systems
 Apply basic system identification methods to estimate the parameters of
physiological models
 Analyze and simulate the dynamics of simple nonlinear oscillators, neuronal models
and closed-loop nonlinear systems with delayed feedback
 Use MATLAB and SIMULINK software to analyze and simulate models of
physiological systems

System analysis - fundamental concepts - Physiological control systems analysis -

Differences between Engineering and Physiological Control Systems - The science of
modeling - Generalised system properties - Models with combinations of System Elements -
Linear Models of Physiological systems - Linear and Non Linear Compartmental model for
regulation of glucose - Distributed parameter versus Lumped Parameter models - Linear
systems and Superposition Principle - Impulse Response and Linear convolution - State
Space Analysis. Open loop versus closed loop Systems - Determination of the steady State
Operating point - Regulation of cardiac Output - Chemical Regulation of Ventilation.
Linearized Respiratory Mechanics - Open loop and closed loop Transient Response - First
Order Model - Second Order Model - Descriptors of Impulse and Step Responses - Open
loop versus closed loop Dynamics - A Model of Neuromuscular Reflex motion.
State Space Responses to Sinusoidal Inputs - Graphical representation of Frequency response
- Frequency response of a model of circulatory control - Frequency response of Glucose -
Insulin Regulation.
Stability and Transient Response - Root Locus Plots - Routh - Hurwitz Stability Criterion -
Nyquist Criterion for Stability - Relative Stability - Stability Analysis of the Pupillary light
Reflex - Model of Cheyne - Stokes Breathing.
Basic problems - Parametric, Non Parametric and Modular approach for Identification -
Identification of closed loop systems - Identification under closed loop conditions,
Optimization - Single Parameter Optimization, Constrained Optimization - Adaptive Control
- Neural Networks for Physiological Control.
REFERENCE BOOKS

 Michael C.K. Khoo, Physiological Control Systems - Analysis, Simulation and

Estimation, Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd., New Delhi, 2001
 David O Cooney, "Bio-Medical Engineering Principles", Marcel Decker Pub, Co,
 Rushmer, "Medical Engineering", Academic Press
  Milsum, Biological Control System Analysis
 Milhorns, The Application of Control Theory to Physiological Systems

BM0508 Neural Engineering 3 0 0 3

PURPOSE
This course gives an overview of Neural Engineering students with engineering background.
It provides fundamentals of Neurophysiology through applications of neural prosthesis
devices such as retinal and cochlear implants. Other important aspects of Neural Engineering
to be discussed include instrumentation for interfacing electronics to the nervous system, and
sensors for neural research.
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

 Systems-level functions and dysfunctions of the nervous system from a scientific and
engineering perspective
 To develop the skills of students in the area of human nervous system,
neurophysiology

Central and peripheral nervous systems - Structure and function of neurons - types of
neurons - Synapses - Glial cells - myelination - Blood Brain barrier - Neuronal differentiation
- Characterization of neuronal cells - Meninges and Cerebrospinal fluid - Spinal Cord.
Resting and action potentials; Mechanism of action potential conduction - Voltage dependent
channels - nodes of Ranvier - Chemical and electrical synaptic transmission - information
representation and coding by neurons.
Synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters and their release - fast and slow neurotransmission -
characteristics of neuritis - hormones and their effect on neuronal function.
Visual Prosthetics - Auditory Prosthetics - Prosthetics for pain relief - Motor Prosthetics -
Bladder control, Prosthetics for conscious control of movement - Sensory Prosthetics.
EEG - Event Related Potential - fMRI, PET, SPECT in Brain Imaging - Single and Multi
Unit Recording.
REFERENCE BOOKS

 Mathews G.G. Neurobiology, 2nd edition, #CCCCCC;well Science, UK, 2000

 Neural Engineering, ed. Bin He, Bioelectric Engineering Series, vol. 3, 2005
 Neural Engineering (Bioelectric Engineering) Bin He (Editor) Springer; 1 edition
(March 4, 2005)
 Handbook of Neural Engineering (IEEE Press Series on Biomedical Engineering)
Metin Akay (Editor) Wiley-IEEE Press; 1 edition (January 9, 2007)
BM0554 Occupational Health and Industrial Safety 3 0 0 3
PURPOSE
The course gives comprehensive knowledge about occupational health hazards and industrial
safety standards.
OBJECTIVES

 To learn the factors that affect occupational and industrial safety;

 To understand the occupational and industrial hazards;
 To know about the industrial safety standard

Parameters of safety factors affecting the conditions of occupational and industrial safety -
safety regulations.
Role of ergonomics in designing work place effects of work environment - light, ventilation,
vibration, noise. Work physiology and its relevant to safety. Performance evaluation of
systems involving man and environment.
Occupational health & hazards - physical - chemical - biological hazards. Occupational
diseases - prevention and control. Health protection measures for workers - health education
- medical first - aid. Management of medical emergencies.
Industrial safety standards. Accidents - definition - frequency rate - prevention and control.
Work study - work measurements - measurement of skills. Safety cost and expenses.
Principles of functions and safety management.
Concepts of Safety Management systems. International safety certifications. OSHA
compliance.
REFERENCE BOOKS

 Scott. R. M., Basic Concepts of Industrial Hygiene, Lewis Publishers, New York,
1997
 Peterson. R.D., and Cohen, J.M, The Complete Guide to OSHA compliance. Lewis
Publishers, New York, 1997
 Diberardinis L.J., Hand book of Occupational Safety and health, John Wiley, New
York, 1998