z. Use tbis answer booklet when responding to the questions. For EACH question, write your answer in the space provided and return the answer booklet at the end of the examination.
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Answer ALL questions.
DO NOT spend more than 30 minutes on Question 1.
1. A srudent plotted the graph shown in Figure I after carrying out an investigation on the effect of temperature on the rate of enzyme reaction.
14
12 c A Time for 10 reaction to be completed 8 (minutes) 6
2 B
00 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Temperature °C
Figure 1. Graph sh owing the effect of temperature on the rate of enzyme activity
(a) (i) Describe the reaction rate between points A and B, and between points B and C in Figure 1.
Between A and B
Between B and C
(2 marks)
(ii) What is the optimum temperature for the enzyme in this reaction?
( 1 mark)
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(b) Using information in Figure l, construct in the space provided below, a table to show the data obtained by the student in investigating the rate of enzyme re<~ction. Your table should contain six rows of data/information.
(8 marks)
(c) (i) If the enzyme used in this investigation were amylase, describe fully the method you would use to obtain the data for the graph. Identify the materials and apparatus.
Materials and apparatus
Method
(ii) Identify ONE source of error in the investigation.
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(d) Green papaya (paw paw) fruits may be used as a means of softening meat. The green papaya is crushed and rubbed on the meat and then left for a few hours before cooking.
(i) What process might be taking place to soften the meat?
(1 mark)
If the crushed papaya is added to the meat while cooking bas started, the cooking time for the meat is not significantly shorter.
(ii) Suggest why this may be so.
(2 marks)
(e) fn order to germinate, seeds also require a softening agent. In this case they are softened by water. (i) Suggest TWO ways in which water helps the process of germination.
(2 marks)
(ii) Apart from water, state TWO environmental conditions needed for germination.
(2 marks) (f) Environmental conditions impact not only on germination of seeds but also on the functioning of soil inhabitants, including microorganisms. (i) Name TWO important groups of microorganisms whose activities are influenced by environmental conditions.
(2 marks)
(i i) Identify ONE cycle which depends on the activities of microorganisms.
(1 mark)
(iii) Explain the importance of the microorganisms named in (f)(i) in natural cycles.
(2marks)
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2. In conducting an ecology swdy, a group of Biology srudents investigates gaseous exchange in
pond snails and in a waterweed species. The students set up five test rubes as shown in Figure 2. All tubes are filled with an indicator solution, stoppered with rubber bungs and exposed to light for one hour.
Aluminium foil wrapped aU around lUbe
Th~A Th~6 Th~C Th~D Th~E
Figure 2. Set up of test tubes for investigating gaseous exchange in two species
The students use the colour changes in hydrogen carbonate indicator solution as shown in Table I to determine the carbon dioxide concentration in each tube.
TA 8 LE 1
CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION AND BICARBONATE lND ICATO R
Carbon dioxide concent rntion Colour of bicarbonate indicator solution
Same as in the air Reddish brown
Less than that in the air Purple
More than that in the air Yellow
(a) Identify ONE tube in which, afierone hour, the colour of the hydrogen carbonate indicator becomes yellow and ONE in which the solution becomes purple. In each case explain your answer.
Tube with yellow indicator:
Explanation:
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3. Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section through the human heart.
Figure 3. Diagram of a longitudinal section through the human heart
(a) (i) Using FOUR arrows ONLY show the direction of flow of blood into and out of the human heart illustrated in Figure 3. (4 marks)
(ii) Name the blood vessels labelled P and Q respectively.
(iii) Some babies are born with a small opening in the wall/septum between the two upper chambers of the heart. Suggest how tbis condition would affect the functioning of the heart when the atria contract.
(2 marks)
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(b) Heart muscle cells obtain their requirements from blood transported in the coronary arteries.
(i) Name TWO substances that the heart muscle cells will receive in this blood supply.
(2 marks)
(ii) Identify ONE substance found in the blood supply that can cause the walls of the coronary artery to thicken.
(1 mark)
{iij) How does the thickening of the coronary arterial wall nffect the heart?
(2 marks)
(c) PI am cells obtain their requirements from transport vessels with which they are associated. Identify TWO types of transport vessels in plants and for EACH identify ONF. suhstnnce which it transports.
(iv) Give TWO reasons why BOTH types of cell division are important in the life cycle of a plant. Cell division 1:
Cell division ll:
(4 marks)
(b) After egg cells from a female rabbit had undergone one form of cell division their nuclei were repi3Ced with nuclei from somatic (body cells) of !he rabbit. These cells produced offspring that were identical lO lhe female rabbit. (i) What is the name given to this process?
(1 mark)
(ii) Suggest ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of this process.
Advantage:
Disadvantage:
(2 marks) (c) Egg cells are found in both plants and animals. Egg cells in plants are protected within an ovule.
(i) Into what structure will the ovule develop?
(1 mark)
(ii) Name TWO features which will show that the structure you identified at (c)(i) developed from an ovule.
(2 m ar ks)
Total 16 m arks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/JANUARY/F 2008 • 12 •
S. Figure 5 below shows the nitrogen cycle.
Nitrogen in Ute air
P Q
Protein in plants and animals
Nitrates in the Excretion R
so.il and egestion Death and decay
OD Figure 5. An incompletely labeUed nitrogen cycle
(a) (i) Name the process carried out by bacteria at EACH of the stages indicated by P. Q, Rand$.
P:
Q:
R: S: (4 marks)
(ii) Explain how nitrates from the soil become protein in plants and animals.
(3 marks)
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(iii) Leguminous plants have bacteria in !heir root nodules, which are involved in !he oi1r0gen cycle. The relationship berween lhe legumes and !he bacteria is described as mutualistic. Explain why this description is appropriate.
(Z marks)
(b) Apan from mutualism. identify TWO OTHER types of relationships !hat occur among living organisms. Give ONE example of each relationship you identify.
