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Water Level Indicator Kit

The circuit uses a moisture sensor, LM393 comparator IC, and relay to detect water levels. The moisture sensor detects moisture and feeds the signal to the LM393 comparator. When moisture is detected, the LED turns off, otherwise it turns on, indicating the absence of moisture. The circuit operates on 5V DC and uses a relay to control an external water pump. The variable resistor R2 allows adjusting the sensitivity of moisture detection. The circuit provides a simple and low-cost way to monitor water levels and control pumps.

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Vijay Krishna
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94 views4 pages

Water Level Indicator Kit

The circuit uses a moisture sensor, LM393 comparator IC, and relay to detect water levels. The moisture sensor detects moisture and feeds the signal to the LM393 comparator. When moisture is detected, the LED turns off, otherwise it turns on, indicating the absence of moisture. The circuit operates on 5V DC and uses a relay to control an external water pump. The variable resistor R2 allows adjusting the sensitivity of moisture detection. The circuit provides a simple and low-cost way to monitor water levels and control pumps.

Uploaded by

Vijay Krishna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Water level indicator Kit

Abstract:
Water Level Indicator circuit is presented here is based on the readily available moisture
sensor, comparator IC LM393 and relay. The moisture sensor is used as moisture
detector while IC LM393 used as comparator. In the absence of water, no moisture is
sensed. As a result moisture sensor start conducting and turn ON the LED. However,
when there is a moisture present the moisture sensor detect moisture and LED stays off.

Application of the circuit:


Most of the moisture sensor based circuits available in market use one or another kind of
moisture detector probe which increases the cost and also require complicated circuitry
around it. But this moisture sensor based circuit uses readily available moisture detector
probe as moisture detector. The functioning of this Water Level Indicator circuit is to
detect the moisture and automatically activate the LED in absence of moisture. Water
pump is ON continuously indicating the absence of moisture till it detects moisture on
moisture sensor.

Why this particular circuit:


Moisture detector probe used here as a moisture detector. The variation in moisture
wanted can be easily done by introducing water. The circuit operates normally over a DC
voltage of 5V which can be obtained by DC supply cable.

Explained working of circuit:


The basic idea behind the circuit operation is to turn ON LED in absence of moisture. The
moisture detector probe is needed for this purpose. Moisture detector probe is a device
that converts moisture to electric energy. Here, Water Level Indicator circuit works as
moisture detector while moisture detector probe working as moisture sensor that turns ON
LED. IC LM393 is used as comparator. Moisture detector probe output is connected as
input to comparator.  Pin no. 4 of LM393 is pulled towards ground. Relay is used as a
switch. When relay is activated, normally closed contact becomes open and normally
open contact becomes closed. In normal condition, there is moisture and LED stays off.
Now consider second scenario when there is no moisture, the LED turns ON.
How to build:
First of all read the given manual thoroughly and study the circuit given in the figure. Also
have look at PCB and components supplied along with the kit. Each component has to be
soldered in its position on PCB.
Identification of resistors is done by color coding. The color band on each resistor
corresponds to its exact value.
There are different methods in which values are defined on capacitors. But usually values
are specified numerically on them.
Can you make out the whole working of circuit and are you able to identify each
component separately as to where each of them has to be placed?
If yes only then proceed further to actually mounting and soldering the parts.
Not ICs but their sockets are to be soldered on PCB. This is to make mounting and
dismounting of ICs easy while troubleshooting.
Start from left most corner of PCB and solder the components one by one on their correct
position on PCB.
Before soldering any component see that you have placed it at its right position and with
correct polarity. Give due attention to diodes and electrolytic capacitors as they are
polarity dependent.
Do the soldering of other components in the same way while keeping in mind that
components with long and sensitive leads like capacitors and transistors are soldered
last.
Testing the kit:
After assembling and soldering of components on PCB, connect external DC power
source of 5V.
For testing purpose manually water is induced. LED turns on in absence of water.
Now set the desired intensity at which you want detection of light. This can be done by
changing the resistive value of R2 variable resistor.
Install the unit in tank.

ICs used here:


The only IC used here is LM393
It is dual differential comparator IC.
This 8 pin IC is popular and commonly used IC
Part List:
Semiconductors
U1               – LM393
Base            – 8 pin
Resistors(all ¼ watt +/-5% carbon unless stated otherwise)
R2               – 10k Ohm(variable)
R3               – 1k Ohm
R4               – 1k Ohm
R5               – 10k Ohm
R6               – 10k Ohm
Capacitor
C1               – 1uF
Miscellaneous
D4:              – Moisture sensor
D1:              – Red LED
D2:              – Green LED
5 V USB Cable
PCB
LED
Relay

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