AS 1929—2009

AS 1929—2009

Australian Standard®

Non-destructive testing—Glossary of
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terms
 This Australian Standard® was prepared by Committee MT-007, Non-destructive Testing of
Metals and Materials. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on
9 June 2009.
This Standard was published on 31 August 2009.

The following are represented on Committee MT-007:

• Australian Aerospace Non-Destructive Testing Committee

• Australian Industry Group
• Australian Institute for Non-Destructive Testing
• Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation
• Australian Pipeline Industry Association
• Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia
• Engineers Australia
• Metals Trade Industry Association
• National Association of Testing Authorities Australia
• New Zealand Non-Destructive Testing Association
•
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NSW WorkCover Authority

• Victorian WorkCover Authority
• Welding Technology Institute of Australia

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 07269.

Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation of the expert individuals that
contributed to the development of this Standard through their representation on the
Committee and through the public comment period.

Keeping Standards up-to-date

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systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions
are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued.

Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are
using a current Standard, which should include any amendments that may have been
published since the Standard was published.

Detailed information about Australian Standards, drafts, amendments and new projects can
be found by visiting www.standards.org.au

Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improvements, and encourages readers to

notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at
[email protected], or write to Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001.
 AS 1929—2009

Australian Standard®

Non-destructive testing—Glossary of
This is a free 7 page sample. Access the full version online.

terms

Originated as AS B259 Parts 1-5 (1968).

Previous edition AS 1929—1981.
Third edition 2009.

COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 9233 2
 AS 1929—2009 2

PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Australian members of the Joint Standard Australia/New
Zealand Committee MT-007, Non-destructive Testing and Metals and Materials. This
Standard supersedes AS 1929—1981, Non-destructive testing—Glossary of terms.
After consultation with shareholders in both countries, Standards Australia and Standards
New Zealand decided to develop this Standard as an Australian Standard rather than an
Australian/New Zealand Standard.
The objective of this Standard is to provide a list of current terms used in the non-
destructive testing industry and to delete terms from the Standard that have become
redundant.
The objective of this edition is to revise the terms used in non-destruction testing and to
introduce terms that relate to condition monitoring, in particular infrared thermography.
During the revision of this Standard, the committee considered only those terms in constant
use in the non-destructive testing industry in Australia, and which relate to non-destructive
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testing methods.
During the preparation of this Standard, cognisance was taken of the following Standards:
ISO
5576 Non-destructive testing—Industrial X-ray and gamma ray radiography—
Vocabulary
5577 Non-destructive testing—Ultrasonic inspection—Vocabulary
12706 Non-destructive testing—Terminology—Terms used in penetrant testing
12716 Non-destructive testing—Acoustic emission inspection—Vocabulary
13372 Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines—Vocabulary
18434 Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines—Thermography
18434-1 Part 1: General procedures
Terms that specifically relate to a particular field of testing have been placed in the
appropriate section, and cross referencing has been used where terms are related.
 3 AS 1929—2009

CONTENTS

Page

FOREWORD.............................................................................................................................. 4

SECTION 1 GENERAL TERMS AND DEFINITIONS .......................................................... 5

SECTION 2 ACOUSTIC EMISSION INSPECTION .............................................................. 8

SECTION 3 ULTRASONIC INSPECTION

3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 15
3.2 WAVES..................................................................................................................... 16
3.3 ANGLE ..................................................................................................................... 17
3.4 PULSE AND ECHO.................................................................................................. 18
3.5 PROBE ...................................................................................................................... 19
3.6 ULTRASONIC TEST INSTRUMENT...................................................................... 21
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3.7 TEST BLOCKS ......................................................................................................... 23

3.8 TEST TECHNIQUES ................................................................................................ 23
3.9 TEST OBJECT .......................................................................................................... 25
3.10 COUPLING ............................................................................................................... 26
3.11 LOCATION............................................................................................................... 26
3.12 EVALUATION METHODS...................................................................................... 26
3.13 DISPLAY METHODS .............................................................................................. 27

SECTION 4 ELECTROMAGNETIC INSPECTION ............................................................. 46

SECTION 5 MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION ........................................................... 50

SECTION 6 PENETRANT INSPECTION ............................................................................ 55

SECTION 7 RADIOGRAPHIC INSPECTION

7.1 RADIOGRAPHIC INSPECTION.............................................................................. 58
7.2 COMPUTERIZED RADIOGRAPHY ....................................................................... 70

SECTION 8 CONDITION MONITORING

8.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 72
8.2 MACHINE CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................ 73
8.3 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE...................................................................... 73
8.4 FAULTS.................................................................................................................... 74
8.5 DATA COLLECTION (ACQUISITION).................................................................. 74
8.6 DATA CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................... 75
8.7 DATA (SIGNAL) PROCESSING ............................................................................. 75
8.8 ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................... 76
8.9 DIAGNOSTICS......................................................................................................... 77
8.10 PROGNOSTICS ........................................................................................................ 77

SECTION 9 INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY ...................................................................... 78

 AS 1929—2009 4

FOREWORD
Many terms that relate to the non-destruction testing industry are known by more than one
name, but, unfortunately, each name is not always used with the same meaning; moreover,
in the case of some defects/methods, the same name may be used by two persons to indicate
two entirely different types of defects/methods. Such variations in meaning have led to
confusion, especially where writing is the only form of communication in the exchange of
ideas.
This Standard concentrates on definitions of those terms that relate to the non-destructive
testing industry.
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 5 AS 1929—2009

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard
Non-destructive testing—Glossary of terms

S E C T I O N 1 G E N E RA L T E RM S A N D
DE F I N I T I O N S

Term Definition
acceptable quality level Maximum percent defective or the maximum number of
(AQL) units defective per hundred units which, for the purpose of
a sampling test, can be considered satisfactory as a process
average.
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acceptance criteria Criteria against which the specimen is examined in order to

determine its acceptability.
acceptance level Set of prescribed parameters setting the threshold for
acceptance or rejection.
acoustic testing The method of non-destructive testing which uses acoustic
energy usually within the frequency range 1 MHz to
10 MHz.
artificial discontinuity Discontinuities such as holes, grooves or notches that are
introduced into a piece by machining or any process.
calibration, instrument Comparison of an instrument with, or the adjustment of an
instrument to, known reference(s).
defect One or more flaws whose aggregate size, shape,
orientation, location or properties do not meet specified
acceptance criteria and are rejectable.
detection sensitivity Capacity of an NDT technique to detect discontinuities
NOTE: The higher the detection sensitivity, the greater its
capability of detecting a small discontinuity (see detection
threshold).
detection threshold Lowest limit of detection of indications.
discontinuity Lack of continuity or cohesion by way of an intentional or
unintentional interruption in the physical structure or
configuration of a material or component.
eddy current testing The method in which eddy current flow is induced and
monitored in the product under test. Changes in current
flow are subsequently analysed.
electromagnetic testing The method of non-destructive testing which uses
electromagnetic energy having frequencies less than visible
light. It covers eddy current, magnetic field, leakage field
pick-up and direct current conduction tests.

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AS 1929-2009 Non-destructive testing - Glossary

of terms
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