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GIS Data Capture:: Getting The Map Into The Computer

This document discusses methods for capturing GIS data, including primary data capture through remote sensing, GPS, and surveying, and secondary data capture through scanning and digitizing maps. It covers topics like vector and raster data collection techniques, managing data capture projects, and ensuring data quality.

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ridhuan
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73 views18 pages

GIS Data Capture:: Getting The Map Into The Computer

This document discusses methods for capturing GIS data, including primary data capture through remote sensing, GPS, and surveying, and secondary data capture through scanning and digitizing maps. It covers topics like vector and raster data collection techniques, managing data capture projects, and ensuring data quality.

Uploaded by

ridhuan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GIS Data Capture:

Getting the Map into the Computer


Overview
Introduction
Primary data capture
Secondary data capture
Data transfer
Capturing attribute data
Managing a data capture project
Error and accuracy
Data Collection
One of most expensive GIS activities
Many diverse sources
Two broad types of collection
Data capture (direct collection)
Data transfer
Two broad capture methods
Primary (direct measurement)
Secondary (indirect derivation)
Data Collection Techniques
Field/Raster Object/Vector

Primary Digital remote GPS


sensing images measurements
Digital aerial Survey
photographs measurements
Secondary Scanned maps Topographic
surveys
Stages in Data Collection Projects
Planning

Evaluation Preparation

Editing / Improvement Digitizing / Transfer


Primary Data Capture
Capture specifically for GIS use
Raster – remote sensing
e.g. SPOT and IKONOS satellites and aerial
photography
Passive and active sensors
Resolution is key consideration
Spatial
Temporal
Vector Primary Data Capture
Surveying
Locations of objects determines by angle and
distance measurements from known locations
Uses expensive field equipment and crews
Most accurate method for large scale, small areas
GPS
Collection of satellites used to fix locations on
Earth’s surface
Differential GPS used to improve accuracy
Total Station
Pen Portable PC and GPS
Secondary Geographic Data Capture
Data collected for other purposes can
be converted for use in GIS
Raster conversion
Scanning of maps, aerial photographs,
documents, etc
Important scanning parameters are spatial
and spectral (bit depth) resolution
Scanner
Vector Secondary Data Capture
Collection of vector objects from maps,
photographs, plans, etc.
Digitizing
Manual (table)
Heads-up and vectorization
Photogrammetry – the science and
technology of making measurements from
photographs, etc.
Digitizer
Data Transfer
Buy vs. build is an important question
Many widely distributed sources of GI
Clearing Houses
Available Digital Data
Price Factors of Digital Data
Nature of Data
Topographic Base Data is easier to obtain than
Elevation Data, which in turn easier to get than
Natural Resource or Census Data
Scale of Data
Obtaining Large Scale Data is more problematic
than Small Scale
Date of Production
Recent Data is more difficult to obtain than older
data.
Managing Data Capture Projects
Key principles
Clear plan, adequate resources, appropriate
funding, and sufficient time
Fundamental tradeoff between
Quality, speed and price
Two strategies
Incremental
‘Blitzkrieg’ (all at once)
Alternative resource options
In house
Specialist external agency
The Role of Error
Map and attribute data errors are the data
producer's responsibility,
GIS user must understand error.
Accuracy and precision of map and attribute
data in a GIS affect all other operations,
especially when maps are compared across
scales.
Components of Data Quality
positional accuracy
attribute accuracy
logical consistency
completeness
lineage

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