UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 5: TRIGONOMETRY
5.1 INTRODUCTION OF TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTION
5.1.1 Angles

A plane angle is usually defined as the set of points consisting two rays with a common endpoint

The common endpoint is called the vertex of the angle

The rays are called the sides of the angle

The angle can be named by referring to its vertex alone or point on the sides of the angle

An angle is the union of two rays that have a common endpoint. The rays are the sides of the angle
and the common endpoint is the vertex of the angle.

TYPES OF ANGLES

Adjacent angles: angles that have the same vertex and a

common side between them

Vertical angles: two angles such that the sides of one angle
are extended through the vertex to form the sides of the
other angle.

Straight angle: an angle whose sides lies on the same straight

line and extend in opposite directions from the vertex.

A right angle: an angle whose sides are perpendicular.

Angles are usually measured in degrees ( ° ) . A degree can be divided into 60 smaller units called
minutes ( ‘ ) . A minute is also divided into 60 smaller units called seconds ( “ ) .

1° = 60 ‘ and 1’ = 60 “

What is the measure of a straight angle?
180°

What is the measure of a right angle?
90°

When the measure of an angle is given, we can find the measure of its supplement and its
complement.

1
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLE, COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES

Supplementary angles : two angles whose measures sum to that of a straight angle

Complementary angles : two angles whose measures sum to that of a right angle.

Example:

1. Find the measure of the supplement of an angle that measures 60°

Let x = 60° and x + y = 180° then y = 120°

2. Find the measure of the complement of an angle measuring 60°

Let x = 60° and x + y = 90° then y = 30°

An acute angle : an angle whose measure is greater than 0° and less than 90°

An obtuse angle : an angle whose measure is greater than 90° and less than 180° .

Consider the following lines:

Lines AB and CD are parallel and they are cut by a transversal line EF.
A transversal line: a line that intersects two or more lines. There are other types of angles in the
given figure.

Interior angles: angles formed by a transversal and a line and which are inside the lines cut by a
transversal (angles 3, 6, 4, 5)

Alternate interior angles: pair of nonadjacent interior angles on opposite sides of the transversal
(angles 3 and 5 or angles 4 and 6)

Corresponding angles: angle that have the same position with respect to their lines and the
transversal (angles 1 and 5 or angles 4 and 7 or angles 2 and 6 or angles 3 and 8 )

2
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then:
i. alternate interior angles are congruent
ii. corresponding angles are congruent
iii. interior angles on the same side of the transversal are supplementary

5.1.2 Degree and Radian Measurement, Arc Length

DEGREE MEASUREMENT

The size of an angle can be measured by using degree unit

The angle formed by a complete counter clockwise revolution has a measure of 360 °

1
Thus 1° = of a complete revolution
360

The following diagrams show angles of different degree measure and some commonly used
terminology

A 90° angle is called a right angle

( it’s one - fourth of a complete revolution )

A 180° angle is called a straight angle

( it’s one - half of a complete revolution )

An angle that measures between 0° and 90° is

called acute angle

An angle that measures between 90° and 180°

is called obtuse angle

A negative angle is an angle where the rotation

of the angle is in a clockwise direction

A positive angle is an angle where the rotation

of the angle is in the anti clockwise direction

3
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
In the degree system for angle measurement ,

# each degree is divided into 60 parts called minute ⇒ 1° = 60’

# each minute is divided into 60 parts called second ⇒ 1’ = 60”

Example :

An angle having a measure of 73 degrees , 12 minutes , 36 seconds can be written as

Solution 730 12’ 36”

We can convert the degree-minute-second to decimal form and otherwise.

if 1° = 60’ and 1’ = 60” then 1° = 3600 ”

Example:

1. Convert from D-M-S form to decimal form

o o
o  12   36 
o
73 12'36" = 73 +   +  
 60   3600 
= 73o + 0.2o + 0.01o
= 73.21o

2. Convert from decimal form to D-M-S form

73.21o = 73o + 0.2o ( 60' )

= 73o + 12.6'
= 73o + 12'+ 0.6 ( 60")
= 73o + 12'+ 36"
= 73o12'36"

RADIAN MEASUREMENT

The radian is another basic unit of angle measure. To define a radian we need to define the concept
of a central angle.

A central angle of a circle is an angle whose vertex is the centre of the circle

4
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
By definition

One radian is the measure of the central angle of a circle where the sides of the angle intercept an
arc equal in length to the radius of the circle .

θ is an angle of measure 1 radian

The circumference of a circle is given by C = 2πr and each arc of length r determines an angle of
one radian and there are 2 π r / r = 2 π radians in one complete revolution

Thus :

2 π radians = 360° or equivalently π radians = 180°

The two basic relationships between degree and radian measure are :

180
1 radian = degrees
π

π
1 degree = radians
180

Example:

1. Change 150° to radians

 π 
150o = 150 ×   radians
 180 
5π
= radians
6

3π
2. Change to degrees
4
3π 3π  180 
radians = × 
4 4  π 
= 135o

3. Complete the following table , and these are some basic conversions that would be useful

DEGREES 30o 45o 60o 90o 180o 270o 360o

π π π π 3π
RADIANS π 2π
6 4 3 2 2

5
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
ARC LENGTH

A circle of radius r and a central angle θ (in radians) , intercepts an arc of length s .

The arc length s compares to the total circumference of 2 π r and the θ radians compare to a
complete revolution of 2 π radians , thus we have the proportion :

s θ
= solving for s produces S = rθ
2π r 2π

Example:

How high will the weight in the figure below be lifted if the drum is rotated through an angle of 700?

Solution:
 π  7π
70o = 70  = radians
 180  18

Therefore , Po int A will move

S = rθ
 7π 
= 6 
 18 
= 7.3 inches

5.1.3 Trigonometric Functions

STANDARD POSITION ANGLE

The standard position of an angle is obtained by taking:

• the vertex at the origin

• the initial side coincide with the positive side of the x-axis

6
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
The angles below are each in standard position.

Angle θ is called a first quadrant angle Angle φ is called a second quadrant angle

Angle α is called a third quadrant angle Angle β is called a fourth quadrant angle

If the terminal side of an angle in standard position coincides with a coordinate axis , the angle is
called a quadrantal angle

BASIC TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Let θ be an angle in standard position ; let P(x,y) be any point (except the origin) on the terminal
side of θ
THE SIX TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTIONS ARE:

y r
sinθ = cscθ =
r y
x r
cosθ = secθ =
r x
y x
tanθ = cotθ =
x y

7
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
In the definition, r is the distance between the origin and the point P ( r is always positive ) . r is
determine by r = x2 + y2

Notice that csc θ , sec θ , cot θ are the reciprocals of sin θ , cos θ , tan θ respectively

That is to say :

1 r 1 r 1 x
cscθ = = secθ = = cotθ = =
sinθ y cosθ x tanθ y

Example:

1. Find the values of the six trigonometric functions of the angle θ if θ is in standard position
and the point (-3,4) is on the terminal side of θ .

x = −3, y = 4
2
r= ( −3 ) ( )
+ 4 2 = 25 = 5

y 4 x 3 y 4
sinθ = = cosθ = =− tanθ = =−
r 5 r 5 x 3
5 5 3
csc θ = secθ = − cotθ = −
4 3 4

2. Find sin θ and cos θ if the terminal side of θ lies on the line y = 2x in the third quadrant.

We can choose any point on the line y = 2x

in the third quadrant

Eg: x = -1, y = -2

∴r = 5

y 2 2 5
sinθ = =− =−
r 5 5

x 1 5
cosθ = =− =−
r 5 5

3. Find sin θ , cos θ and tan θ for θ = 30°

8
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY

1
By definition, in right triangle, if hypothesis is s, the side opposite to ∠ 30o is s
2

Choose : Or use: y 1
sinθ = =
r =1 r 2
y =1 x 3
cscθ = =
r 2 = x2 + y2 r 2
y 3
1 3 3 tanθ = =
x = 12 − = = x 3
4 4 2

4. Find the values of the six trigonometric functions of θ if θ = π/2

Use unit circle with radius = 1

Choose
r=1
x=0
y=1

π x
π
y 1
π y 1 cos = =0
sin = = =1 2 r tan = undefined
=
2 r 1 2 x 0
π 1 1
π sec = = undefined π x
csc =1 2 π 0 cot = = 0
2 cos 2 y
2

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF ANY ANGLE

In the figure below, name the four quadrants and determine the signs (positive or negative) of the
trigonometric functions in each of the quadrants.

QUADRANT POSITIVE NEGATIVE

CONTAINING Ɵ FUNCTIONS FUNCTIONS
I All None

II sin, csc cos, sec, tan, cot

III tan, cot sin, csc, cos, sec

IV cos, sec sin, csc, tan, cot

9
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
Complete the following table. This table summarizes the trigonometric functional values of some
special angles.

(It will be very helpful for you to have these values at your fingertips)

Ɵ Ɵ
SIN Ɵ COS Ɵ TAN Ɵ
IN DEGREES IN RADIANS

0o 0 0 1 0

π 1 3 3
30o
6 2 2 3
π 2 2
45o 1
4 2 2
π 3 1
60o 3
3 2 2
π
90o 1 0 Undefined
2

180o π 0 −1 0

3π
270o −1 0 Undefined
2

COTERMINAL ANGLES

If we consider the figure below

r1 = the initial side,

r2 = the terminal side ,

O is the vertex of the angle

Different angles can have the same initial and terminal sides (but the amount of rotation is different)

Any two such angles are called COTERMINAL

Example:

Angles of 45° and 405° are coterminal

10
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY

Coterminal angles differ from each other by a multiple of 360° or of 2π radians

The angles that are coterminal with any angle θ can be represented by θ + 360°n or θ + 2πn ,
where n is any integer

The trigonometric functions for the corresponding functions of coterminal angles are equal.

Example:
1 tan780o = tan60o = 3
sin390o = sin30o =
2
9π π 2
3 cos = cos =
(
sin −300 o
) o
= sin60 = 4 4 2
2

REFERENCE ANGLES

Let θ be any angle in standard position with its terminal side in one of the four quadrants . The
reference angle associated with θ ( we will call it θ’ ) is the acute angle formed by the terminal
side of θ and the x-axis .

The figure below indicates the reference angle θ’ for the four different situations in which the
terminal side of θ lies in quadrants I , II , III or IV .

Quadrant 1 Quadrant 2

Quadrant 3 Quadrant 4

THUS, the trigonometric functions of any angle θ are equal to those of the reference angle
associated with θ, except possibly for the sign. The sign can be determined by considering the
quadrant in which the terminal side of θ lies.

11
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
Example:

1. Find cos θ if θ = 225°

Terminal side in 3rd quadrant

Re ference angle : 225o − 180o = 45o

cos225o = − cos 45o
2
=−
2

2. Find sin θ if θ = 15π / 4

Terminal side in 4th quadrant

15π 7π
− 2π =
4 4
8π 7π π
Re ference angle : − =
4 4 4
15π π 2
sin = − sin = −
4 4 2

5.2 TRIANGLES
5.2.1 Introduction

A triangle is a polygon with three sides.

TRIANGLE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THEIR SIDES

Equilateral triangle

The measures of all three sides are equal

Isosceles triangle

Two sides are of equal length

Scalene triangle

No two sides are of equal length

12
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
TRIANGLE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THEIR ANGLES

Acute triangle

All the angles in the triangle are acute angles

Obtuse triangle

One of the angle is an obtuse angle

Equiangular triangle

The measures of all the angles in a triangle are

equal

Right triangle

One of the angle is a right angle

5.2.1 Pythagorean Theorem

Consider the right triangle ABC

The sides of this triangle that form the right angle are called the legs of the right triangle and the
side opposite the right angle is called the hypotenuse.

One of the most famous theorems in geometry dealing with the right triangle is called Pythagoras
Theorem

The theorem states that: “the square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the
squares of the legs. “

13
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
Example:

1. Find c

From the theorem :

c2 = a2 + b2

Then : c2 = 25 + 144
c2 = 169
c = 13

2. Find a

From the theorem :

c2 = a2 + b2

Then : b2 = c2 – a2
b2 = 25 - 16
b=3

5.2.2 Right Triangle Trigonometry

It is customary to designate the vertices of a triangle by capital letters and the sides opposite the
angles, A , B , C are designated by small letters .

If triangle ACB is a right triangle ,

then C denote right angle, 90°

side a is called the side opposite of angle A

side b is called the side adjacent of angle A

side c is called the hypotenuse

By using the right triangle we can define six trigonometric functions:

a opposite c hypotenuse
sin A = = csc A = =
c hypotenuse a opposite

b adjacent c hypotenuse
cos A = = sec A = =
c hypotenuse b adjacent

a opposite b adjacent
tan A = = cot A = =
b adjacent a opposite

14
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
Example:

Suppose that a 20 m ladder is placed against a building so that its lower end is 5 m from the base of
the building, what angle does the ladder make with the ground?

5
cosθ =
20

θ = 75.52o

In the figure below we indicate some terminology that is commonly used in line of sight problems.
The angles are measured with reference to a horizontal line.

• If the object being sighted is above the observer, then the angle formed by the line
of sight and the horizontal line is called an angle of elevation

• If the object being sighted is below the observer, then the angle formed by the line
of sight and the horizontal line is called an angle of depression

Example:

A tree is located on the opposite side of a pond from points A and B. From point B, the angle of
elevation to the top of the tree is 35°. From point A, the angle of elevation to the top of the tree is
25°. If points A and B are 30 meters apart, find the height of the tree to the nearest tenth of a meter.

( x + 30 ) tan25o = x ( tan35o )
x + 30 tan35o
= = 1.5
x tan25o
x + 30 = 1.5x
1.5x − x = 30
0.5x = 30
h x = 60 subs in equ 2
tan25o =
x + 30
(
⇔ h = ( x + 30 ) tan25o ) → equ 1

h h = 60 tan35o = 60 × 0.7 = 42m

(
tan35o = ⇔ h = ( x ) tan35o
x
) → equ 2

15
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
5.2.3 Oblique Triangles Trigonometry

Any triangle that is not a right triangle is called an oblique triangle

LAW OF COSINES

In any triangle ABC having sides of length a , b , and c , the following relationship are true .

a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc . cos A

b2 = a2 + c2 - 2ac . cos B

c2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab . cos C

Example:

1. Use the information given in the figure to find the value of c to the nearest tenth of a meter

Let a = 12.3 b = 17.6

c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C
=(12.3)2 + (17.6)2 – 2 (12.3)(17.6) cos 28.10
c = 8.9 m

2. Find the measure of each angle of a triangle having sides of length 9 m , 15 m and 19 m .

Let a = 9m, b = 15m , c = 19m

b2 + c 2 − a 2
a2 = b2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A, cos A = ∴ A = 27.63o
2bc

a 2 + c 2 − b2
b2 = a2 + c 2 − 2ac cos B, cos B = ∴B = 50.62o
2ac

a 2 + b2 − c 2
c 2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos C , cos C = ∴C = 101.75o
2ab

16
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
LAW OF SINES

In any triangle ABC having sides of length , a , b , and c , the following relationships are true .

a b c
= =
sinA sinB sinC

Example:

1. Suppose that in triangle ACB, A = 71°, C = 40° and a = 19 cm. Find c to the nearest tenth of a
cm.

a c
=
sin A sin C

a sin C 19sin40 o
c= = = 12.9cm
sin A sin71o

2. A straight road makes an angle of 19° with the horizontal. At a certain point A on the road,
the angle of elevation of a helicopter hovering in the air is 48° .At this same time, from
another point B, 150 m farther up the road, the angle of elevation is 55°. Find the distance
from point A to the helicopter.

AB = 150M

HAB = 48o − 19o = 29o
(

HBA = 180o − 55o − 19o = 144 o)

AHB = 180o − (144 o
)
+ 29o = 7o

AH 150
o
=
sin144 sin7o
AH = 723.5m

17
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
EXERCISE / ASSIGNMENT:

TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTION

1. Change the measurement given below from the degree-minute-second form to decimal
form and vice-versa.

a. 14°30’ b. 22.3° c. 8°45’18” d. 45.32° e. 150°10’

2. Change the following angles from radians to degrees and vice-versa. DO NOT USE
CALCULATOR.

a. 80° c. 210° e. 13π / 18 g. - 5π / 9

b. 150° d. 225° f. - π / 4 h. 13π / 6

3. Find to the nearest tenth of a cm, the length of the arc intercepted by a central angle of
(2π) / 3 radians if a radius of the circle is 22 cm long.

4. Find to the nearest tenth of a cm, the length of a radius of a circle if a central angle of 80°
intercepts an arc of 25 cm.

5. Find to the nearest tenth of a degree, the measure of a central angle that intercepts an arc
of 7.1 cm if a radius of the circle is 3.2 cm long.

6. How much will the weight be lifted if the drum is rotated through an angle of 150°? Express
the result to the nearest tenth of a cm.

7. Complete the following table.

θ in
θ Sin θ cos θ tan θ csc θ sec θ cot θ
radians
0°

30°

45°

60°

90°

180°

270°

18
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
8. Determine sin θ , cos θ and tan θ

a. 60° b. (3π/4) c. 225° d. –(π)/4 e. 585° f. 23π / 6

9. Point P is on the terminal side of θ and θ is a positive angle less than 360° in standard
position. Draw θ and determine the values of the six trigonometric functions of θ.

a. P ( 3 , -4 ) b. P ( -5 , 12 ) c. P ( 1 , -1 )

10. Point P is on the terminal side of θ and 0° < θ < 360° in standard position. Draw θ and
determine the values of the six trigonometric functions of θ.

a. P ( 3 , -1 ) b. P ( 0 , -1 ) c. P ( -2 , 2 )

11. Find the quadrant that contains the terminal side of θ if the given conditions are true.

a. sin θ > 0 and cos θ > 0 c. sin θ < 0 and cot θ > 0
b. sin θ < 0 and cos θ > 0 d. csc θ > 0 and cot θ < 0

12. Find α such that 0° < α < 360° and α is coterminal with θ

a. θ = 510° b. θ = 960° c. θ = -60° d. θ = -480°

13. Find α such that 0 < α < 2π and α is coterminal with θ

a. θ = 7π / 2 b. θ = 31π / 6 c. θ = -5π / 4 d. θ = 17π / 3

14. Find the reference angle θ for each of the given values of θ

a. θ = 265° c. θ = -73° e. θ = 5π / 4 g. θ = 13π / 4

b. θ = 431.8° d. θ = 285.3° f. θ = 8π / 3 h. θ = -5π / 6

15. Find the exact values , DO NOT USE CALCULATOR

a. sin 120° e. sec 420° i. cos ( - 300° ) m. cos 315°

b. cos 210° f. sin ( - 150° ) j. cot ( - 930° ) n. cos 11π/4
c. tan 300° g. tan 4π/3 k. sin 630°
d. csc 135° h. sin 2π/3 l. cot (13π/3)

19
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
TRIANGLE

1. RIGHT TRIANGLE: Refer to the right triangle and solve each of the right triangles and express
the lengths to the nearest unit, angles to the nearest degree.

a. A = 37° and b = 14
b. B = 23° and b = 12
c. A = 67° and c = 26
d. a=5 and b = 12
e. b = 12 and c=2

2. DIMENSIONS OF A RECTANGLE: A diagonal of a rectangle is 17 cm long and makes and angle

of 27° with a side of the rectangle. Find the length and width of the rectangle to the nearest
cm.

3. FINDING MEASURES OF ANGLES: The lengths of the three sides of an isosceles triangle are
18 cm, 18 cm and 12 cm. Find the measure of each of the three angles to the nearest tenth
of a degree.

4. HEIGHT OF A BUILDING: Two buildings, A and B are separated by an alley that is 15 m wide.
From a second floor window in building A , it can be determined that the angle of elevation
of the top of building B is 75° and the angle of depression of the bottom of building B is 50° .
Find the height to the nearest meter of building B.

5. LENGTH OF A SIDE: Find the length of x to the nearest tenth of a meter

6. RIGHT CIRCULAR CONE: The right circular cone has a radius of 3 m and a volume of 50 cubic
meters. Find the measure of angle θ to the nearest tenth of a degree. The volume of a right
1
circular cone is given by : V = π r 2 h
3

20
 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
7. LAW OF COSINES: Refer to the triangle ABC. B Express measures of angles to the nearest
tenth of a degree and lengths of sides to the nearest tenth of a unit.

a. b = 8 cm , c = 12 cm , A = 53° . Find a .
b. a = 11.6 m , b = 5.1m , C = 85° . Find c
c. a = 27 cm , c = 21 cm , B = 112° . Find b
d. a = 17 m , b = 25 m , c = 17 m . Find B
e. a = 8.3 m , b = 16.4 m , c = 11.8 m . Find A

8. In triangle ABC, if a = 7 m, b = 10 m and c = 4 m, find A, B and C to the nearest tenth of a

degree.

9. In triangle ABC, if a = 41 m , c = 32 m and B = 100° , find b to the nearest tenth of a meter

and A and C to the nearest tenth of a degree .

10. LENGTHS OF SIDES OF A PARALLELOGRAM: The diagonals of a parallelogram are of lengths

30 cm and 22 cm and intersect at an angle of 67°. Find the lengths of the sides of the
parallelogram to the nearest tenth of a cm.

11. ANGLE OF A TRIANGLE: A triangular plot of ground measures 50 m by 65 m by 80 m . Find to

the nearest tenth of a degree, the size of the angle opposite the longest side.

12. LAW OF SINES: Refer to the triangle ABC. Express measures of angles to the nearest tenth of
a degree and lengths of sides to the nearest tenth of a unit.

a. A = 64°, C = 47°, a = 17 cm. Find c.

b. A = 20.4° , B = 31.2° , b = 25 m . Find a
c. A = 41° , C = 37° , a = 14 cm . Find B and then b
d. A = 132° , C = 17° , a = 75 m . Find B and then b
e. B = 71.7° , a = 15 km , b = 17 km , c = 14 km. Find A
and C

13. DISTANCE ACROSS A RIVER: Two points A and B are on opposite sides of a river .Point C is
located 350 m from A on the same side of the river as A. In triangle ACB, C = 52° and A = 67°.
Find the distance between A and B to the nearest meter.

14. HEIGHT OF A TOWER: Two people 75 m apart are in line with the base of a tower. The angle
of elevation of the top of the tower from one person is 41.2° and from the other person is
32.6°. Find the height of the tower.

21