Decks 23

Beam and Slab Eridge

3.2.1 Reaction Factors for Longitudinal Girders
3
or tiie
load P at the centre Crod
A Cross section of a ypical hridge deck witn a concentrated live
section i8 shown in fig. 3.1(2). The deck being very stiff in the
transverse direction undere
eccentricity e. the deck wil
Chapter a
unitorm deformation. If this concentrated load P is applied at an
undergo a deflection and a rotation. The deflection due to rotation is indicated
in lig. 3.1(0D
BEAM AND SLAB BRIDGE DECKS
L
(a)
p*****es*e**sossese1AAe ..
r**** (D)
3.1 GENERAL ****
deck of a very small width could be
a T beam with flange portions ..
The simplest form of a bridge
and this can only be a pedestrian bridge. For road bridges, the width of
wide enough for movement will be a minimum of 3.5m for single lane
the roadway as defined by Indian Roads Congress (IRC) for kerb and handrail (crash
bridges. Beyond this there
should facility be a
and 7.5m for 2-lane
the width becomes larger. Hence C)
barier). If iootpath orpedestrian walkways are also required,
as a simple beam. They
have to be considered only as a plate or a slab
they cannot be considered
a number of 7 beams in
with 2-side supports. This plate may be paysically achieved by providing
and at intervals. This forms a beam
connected y cross beams at ends
longitudinal direction laterally
and slab bridge deck.
In
be analyzed by a simple beam theory or plate analogy.
a
The beam and slab bridge decks can
as a wide beam. Transverse
case of simple beam theory
the entire structural deck is assumed
or ignorably small.
Hence unidirectional bending with Fig.3.1 Defomation ofcross section of a stiff deck
bending of the slab is either non-existent the flexural stiffness is
is assumed. In transverse direction
flexural stiffness in longitudinal direction
In the transvese direction the
deck will have the capacity to only rotate The total deflection at a point at any one of tihe beams in the cross section due to concentrated
assumed to be very high. developed by Courbon
assumptions a method of analysis was
load acting at an eccentricity e can be defined in two parts. First part is the deflection due to load
and not to deform. Based on these
and that is called Courbon's method of analysis. acting as if it is at the centre of the deck and the Second part of the deflection is due to the rotation
caused by the moment P.e. Correspondingly the load camied by individual girders is arrived at as the
sum of the load caused on the girder due to the central load on the deck and that due to the moment (P.e).
ANALYSIS
3.2 COURBON'S METHOD OF The load shared by each girder due to the uiforn deflectiou (6) be P{ for ith girder. The
in view of uniform deflection () can be expressed as a function of load and stifiness of the girder.
analysis of bridge decks and very popular
is
This is one of the earliest forms of rational
The bridge deck is assumed to be well
interconnected by adequate number of fairly
its simplicity. Hence
stiff cross beams or diaphragms.
the total load
for individual longitudinal girders (share of
The expressions for the reaction factors where k is a constant depending on the span and the modulus of elasticity. P is the load shared by
by the individual longitudinal girder;) according to this
method are derived below. ith
girder due to deflection , 1, is the moment of ineria of ith girder.
 Decks
255
and Siab Bridge
Beam
24 Britpe Superstructure
deck.
where of girders
is the vumbsr suppnting the
In geneal, i can take any valte up * Then
al the ginkeis asT.Ning tke Jcck wiil have sanie stiffness.
Nomally in a bridge deck
is alsu ctstant fo all the heams. 1hen the loads
Under symmetrical load is constar: i.d k stitfness Multiplying byd,
carried by individual girders. namely, P: etc. are pruportional to the corresponding
of the girders. P4 1,d
Heace Pi:P:P :I.
Total load P P + P+ P+. + P
P:P+th.+ = Pe
=l Replacingwith
Hence in generai P= P
i=l
Ped-6i
The second component P; is due to the etfect of moment P.e, where e is the effective eccentricity
in some girders and
of ue ioad irum dhe zeite ine of the bridsc deck. These loads will be positive
on the mment
Girecion of tiie iomet. The causes ä
negative in some other girders depending the beams wil
0. Normally in a bridge deck system all
rotation of the deck about the axis through Multiplying both sides by 1
about the central
have the same flexural The bridge deck as a whole will be symmetrical
rigidity.
line, as shown in fig. 3.1c).
Pel,d
due to moment be 4=P
beam situated at a distance d. The second component of the load
Consider ith
P. Then, The total camied by the ith beam P is given by,
P " , =Pe P=P+ P
The additional deflection
Consider another girder j situated at a distance d from the centre. When the longitudinal have equal moments of inerta,,1 = nl.
Hence the expression simplifies to
the central line,
Since the deck is assumed to rotate as a rigid body about
Hence
4-4