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    Micro Controller:: Applications of Microcontrollers

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    Lokesh Dahiya
    A microcontroller is an integrated circuit that contains a microprocessor, memory, and input/output components on a single chip designed to perform specific tasks. Microcontrollers are used to control many everyday devices like appliances, vehicles, medical equipment, and more. They are simpler than general-purpose computers as they are designed to perform only specific predefined tasks. A microcontroller includes components like a CPU, RAM, ROM, timers, and I/O ports to allow it to sense environmental conditions, receive input, and control mechanisms of the device it is embedded in.

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    Micro Controller:: Applications of Microcontrollers

    Uploaded by

    Lokesh Dahiya
    16 views3 pages
    A microcontroller is an integrated circuit that contains a microprocessor, memory, and input/output components on a single chip designed to perform specific tasks. Microcontrollers are used to control many everyday devices like appliances, vehicles, medical equipment, and more. They are simpler than general-purpose computers as they are designed to perform only specific predefined tasks. A microcontroller includes components like a CPU, RAM, ROM, timers, and I/O ports to allow it to sense environmental conditions, receive input, and control mechanisms of the device it is embedded in.

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    lab ed 1

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    ED LAB1

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    A microcontroller is an integrated circuit that contains a microprocessor, memory, and input/output components on a single chip designed to perform specific tasks. Microcontrollers are used to control many everyday devices like appliances, vehicles, medical equipment, and more. They are simpler than general-purpose computers as they are designed to perform only specific predefined tasks. A microcontroller includes components like a CPU, RAM, ROM, timers, and I/O ports to allow it to sense environmental conditions, receive input, and control mechanisms of the device it is embedded in.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    16 views3 pages

    Micro Controller:: Applications of Microcontrollers

    Uploaded by

    Lokesh Dahiya
    A microcontroller is an integrated circuit that contains a microprocessor, memory, and input/output components on a single chip designed to perform specific tasks. Microcontrollers are used to control many everyday devices like appliances, vehicles, medical equipment, and more. They are simpler than general-purpose computers as they are designed to perform only specific predefined tasks. A microcontroller includes components like a CPU, RAM, ROM, timers, and I/O ports to allow it to sense environmental conditions, receive input, and control mechanisms of the device it is embedded in.

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    of 3

    MICRO CONTROLLER :

    A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to perform specific


    operation. A typical microcontroller includes a processor , memory and input/output
    peripherals on a single chip.
    microcontrollers are found in vehicles, robots, office machines, medical devices,
    mobile radio transceivers, vending machines and home appliances, among other
    devices.
    For example-in a washing machine we provide an input and according to that it
    rotate and provides output .it is where the task is predefined. They are essentially
    simple miniature personal computers (PCs) designed to control small features of a
    larger component.
    In simple words we can say, microcontroller is an integrated circuit that contains a
    microprocessor along with memory and associated circuits and that controls some
    or all of the functions of an electronic device.
    The microcontroller includes a CPU , RAM , ROM , I/O ports and timers like a
    standard computer , but because they are designed to execute only a single specific
    task to control a single system, they are much smaller and simplified so that they can
    include all the functions required on a single chip.
    Features of a microcontroller:

     Far more economical to control electronic devices and processes as the size
    and cost involved is comparatively less than other methods.
     Operating at a low clock rate frequency, usually use four bit words and are
    designed for low power consumption.
     Architecture varies greatly with respect to purpose from general to specific,
    and with respect to microprocessor, ROM, RAM or I/O functions.
     Has a dedicated input device and often has a display for output.
     Usually embedded in other equipment and are used to control features or
    actions of the equipment.
     Program used by microcontroller is stored in ROM.
     Used in situations where limited computing functions are needed

    Applications of Microcontrollers
    Microcontrollers are widely used in various different devices such as −
     Light sensing and controlling devices like LED.
     Temperature sensing and controlling devices like microwave oven, chimneys.
     Fire detection and safety devices like Fire alarm.
     Measuring devices like Volt Meter.

    Difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller


    The following table highlights the differences

    Microcontroller Microprocessor

    Microcontrollers are used to execute Microprocessors are used for big applications.
    a single task within an application.

    Its designing and hardware cost is Its designing and hardware cost is high.
    low.

    Easy to replace. Not so easy to replace.

    It is built with CMOS technology, Its power consumption is high because it has to control the
    which requires less power to entire system.
    operate.

    It consists of CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O It doesn’t consist of RAM, ROM, I/O ports. It uses its pins to
    ports. interface to peripheral devices.

    Basically, a Microcontroller consists of the following components.

     Central Processing Unit (CPU)


     Program Memory (ROM – Read Only Memory)
     Data Memory (RAM – Random Access Memory)
     Timers and Counters
     I/O Ports (I/O – Input/Output)
     Serial Communication Interface
     Clock Circuit (Oscillator Circuit)
     Interrupt Mechanism
     Peripheral devices
    Microcontroller peripherals are parts of the device that serve a specific purpose
    which help the microcontroller achieve a certain task. Some common
    microcontroller peripherals are Timers, Analog to Digital converters (ADC), Serial
    Peripheral Interfaces (SPI), Pulse Width Modulation and 2 wire interfaces (I 2C). 

    Let’s take the Analog to Digital Converter (also better known as the ADC)
    peripheral as an example. 

    The ADC has one specific task, which is to take analog data it receives from a
    sensor (or other any device that outputs analog data), and convert it to digital
    values that the microcontroller can then process. 

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