Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acid Final Revision

ALDEHYDES, KETONES & CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
1. Give one chemical test to distinguish between

(a) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one b)Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone.
2. Explain why?
a) Aldehydes are more reactive than Ketones towards Nucleophilic addition
reaction.
b) Chloroacetic acid is stronger than acetic acid.
3. Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity in
nucleophilic addition reactions
(i) Ethanal, Propanal, Propanone, Butanone.
(ii) Benzaldehyde, p-Tolualdehyde, p-Nitrobenzaldehyde, Acetophenone.
4. Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their (acid strength)
a)CH3CH2CH(Br)COOH,CH3CH(Br)CH2COOH,(CH3)2CHCOOH,CH3CH2CH2COOH
b) Propan-1-ol, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 3,5-dinitrophenol,
phenol, 4-methylphenol.
5. Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds
(i) Propanal and Propanone (ii) Acetophenone and Benzophenone
6. Distinguish between the following
a. CH3COCH2CH3 and CH3CH2CH2CHO
b. Ethanal and Ethanoic acid
c. CH3CH2CHO and CH3CH2COCH3
d. CH3COOH and HCOOH
e. C6H5COCH3 and C6H5COCH2CH3
f. Benzoic acid and Phenol
7. Arrange the following in the increasing order of their boiling points.
CH3CHO, CH3COOH, CH3CH2OH
8. Write structures of compounds A and B in each of the following reactions.
9. Aldehydes and ketones have lower boiling points than corresponding alcohols.
Why?
10. Give reasons: Chloroacetic acid is stronger than acetic acid.
11. Compete the reaction
12. Write the major products
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13. An organic compound A with molecular formula C8H16O2 was hydrolysed with
sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid B and an alcohol C. Oxidation of C with
chromic acid produced B. C on dehydration gives but-1-ene. Write equations for
the reactions involved.
14. Carry out the following conversions a) Propanone to Propene (b) Benzoic acid to
Benzaldehyde (c) Ethanol to 3-Hydroxybutanal
15. Illustrate the following name reactions giving a chemical equations in each case :
(i) Clemmensen reaction(ii) Cannizzaro reaction
16. Account for the following :
(i) CH3CHO is more reactive than CH3COCH3towards reaction with HCN.
(ii) There are two –NH2 groups in semicarbazide (H2NNHCONH2).
However, only one is involved in the formation of semicarbazone.
17. Give reasons :
a) Electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid takes place at meta-position.
b) Carboxylic acids do not give the characteristic reactions of carbonyl group.
18. a) Write the chemical reaction involved in Wolff-Kishner reduction.
b) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their reactivity toward
nucleophilic addition reaction.C6H5COCH3, CH3CHO, CH3COCH3
19. A and B are two functional isomers of compound C3H6O. On heating with NaOH
and I2, isomer B forms yellow precipitate of iodoform whereas isomer A does not
form any precipitate. Write the formulae of A and B.
20. Account for the following
(a) Aromatic carboxylic acids do not undergo Friedel–Crafts reaction
(b) pKa value of 4-nitrobenzoic acid is lower than that of benzoic acid.
21. How will you bring about the following conversions?
(a) Ethanal to but-2-enal (b) Propanone to propene
22. Identify A to E in the following reactions :
23. An organic compound (A) on treatment with ethyl alcohol gives a carboxylic acid (B)
and compound (C). Hydrolysis of (C) under acidified conditions gives (B) and (D).
Oxidation of (D) with KMnO4 also gives (B). (B) on heating with Ca(OH)2 gives (E)
having molecular formula C3H6O. (E) does not give Tollen’s test and does not
reduce Fehling’s solution but forms 2, 4- dinitrophenyl hydrazone. Identify (A), (B),
(C), (D) and (E).
24. Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic acids and their derivatives are collectively called
carboxyl compounds which are widely spread both in plants and animal kingdom.
They play an important role in biological processes. They are responsible for
fragrance and flavour of naturally occurring compounds e.g., Vanilline (from vanilla
beans), salicylaldehyde (from meadowsweet), cinnamaldehyde (from cinnamon) and
isoamyl acetate (from banana) have pleasant flavour. Acetone and acetic acid are
widely used as solvents. Various carboxylic acids are used to prepare drugs
(Analgesics, antipyretics etc.).
a. Convert benzaldehyde to Cinnamaldehyde?
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b.
c. Write the structural formula of Isoamyl acetate.
d. What happens when 2 moles of acetone are condensed in presence of Ba(OH)2
Write chemical equation.
e. What happens when acetic acid is heated with P2O5?
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ALDEHYDES, KETONES & CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

1. Give one chemical test to distinguish between

12. Write the major products

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