4/10/22, 3:25 PM Power plant and calculations: Questions & Answers on Power Transformers

More
Create Blog
Sign In

CLOSE ADS CLOSE ADS

Power plant and calculations

Power plant and calculation site basically includes the detailed study of power plant operation and maintenance, its related all
calculations and thumb rules. It also involves detailed troubleshooting guides for operation and maintenance of power plant proc
and equipments.

Questions & Answers on Power

Transformers
  

1-What do you mean by power transformer?

It is a static Electro-magnetic machine which transforms alternating current from one AC

voltage to another AC voltage at same frequency & at the same apparent power (KVA).

2-What is the principle of Power transformer operation?

Power transformers work on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Which states that, EMF
induced in a closed conducting circuit when the magnetic flux linking with that circuit changes
in time.

3-What is the main function of a power transformer?

Generally it is used for stepping up or stepping down of Voltage to desired level

4-What are the various parts of power transformer?

General arrangement of Power Transformer

Casing
Core
Primary & secondary windings

https://www.powerplantandcalculations.com/2020/10/30-selected-questions-answers-on-power-transformers.html 1/7
4/10/22, 3:25 PM Power plant and calculations: Questions & Answers on Power Transformers
LV & HV bushings
Radiators & cooling system
CLOSE ADS Conservator CLOSE ADS
Breather
Protection devices like Buchholz relay, relief valves, temperature sensors

5-Why does the oil conservator is placed at higher elevation?

Oil conservator is placed at a slightly higher level than that of the tank. It accommodates the
contraction & expansion of oil level during lower & higher loads respectively. At higher load, oil
temperature rises and hence level in the conservator rises & at lower load, oil temperature
decreases & level in conservator drops down.

The above cushioning in oil level is by cushioning bag present in conservator, the air cushion
in the conservator permits expansion & contraction of the oil tank without contact with moist air.

6-What is the function of breather in Transformers?

Breather is installed in a pipe from conservator. One end is connected to air cushion bag in the
conservator, other end is connected to external air.

Breather is filled with dry silica jel, generally pink in colour. When oil in the conservator rises,
air is let out through the breather. During low load when oil level in the conservator decreases,
air is sucked into the cushion bag through breather. Silica jet absorbs the moisture & lets only
dry air. Wet silica jells are blue in color.

7-What is the function of Buchholzs relay?

It is fitted in the pipe between conservator tank & main oil tank. It operates by gas during
arcing or short circuits

8-What are the various cooling methods employed in Power transformers?

ONAN: Oil Natural & Air Natural

ONAF: Oil natural & Air forced
OFAF: Oil forced & Air forced
OFWF: Oil forced & water forced
AN: Air natural

9-What is the function of Pressure relief valve in Transformers?

It is fitted on tank to vent out the gases formed in oil & hence protects the transformer from
explosion

10-What do you mean by small, medium & large transformers?

Small transformers: < 5 KVA

Medium transformers: 5 to 500 KVA
Large transformers :> 1 MVA

11-What do you mean by core type transformer?

In this type of transformers, winding surround the limbs of core

12-What do you mean by the Shell type transformer?

In this type of transformers, core surrounds the major portion of the windings

13-What is the relation between voltage, current and number of turns on coils in
a transformer?

https://www.powerplantandcalculations.com/2020/10/30-selected-questions-answers-on-power-transformers.html 2/7
4/10/22, 3:25 PM Power plant and calculations: Questions & Answers on Power Transformers
We have following relation:

Vp/Vs = Np/Ns = Is/Ip

CLOSE ADS CLOSE ADS

Where, Vp and Vs are Voltage on primary and secondary side.

Np and Ns are No. of turns on primary and secondary coils.

IP and Is are Primary side current and secondary side current of a transformer.

14-A 10 KVA single phase 2200/220 Volts Transformer has 60 turns on secondary
side, then calculate Primary current, no. of turns on coil and secondary side
current.

Given that,

Vp = 2200 V

Vs = 200 V

Ns = 60

Transformer rating = 10 KVA

We know that Vp/Vs = Np/Ns

Np = 60 X 2200/220 = 600 turns

Further, KVA rating of transformer is (Vp X Ip)/1000 and (Vs X Is)/1000

10 = 2200 X Ip/1000

Therefore, current on primary side Ip = 10 X 1000/2200 = 4.54 Amps

Similarly current on secondary side Is = 10 X 1000/220 = 45.45 Amps

15-A Power transformer’s input voltage is 11 KV & output voltage is 110

KV,then calculate the number of turns on secondary side, if Primary side
winding has 25 turns

We have
Cable
V1 / V2 = N1 / N2 Protection
11 / 110 = 25 / N2 Solutions
N2 = 250 Nos

16-A power transformer input voltage is 11 KV & output voltage is 220 KV,
Our flexible
then calculate the secondary side current if it has 2300 Amps of current on conduits and
primary side?
fittings can be
We have used in every
V1 / V2 = I2 / I1 industry.
11 / 220 = I2 / 2300

I2 = 115 Amps
Anamet Europe
17-What are the materials of composition of lamination cores?

Laminations are thin 0.2 to 0.3mm thick silicon sheets. These are further coated by
varnish or insulation oxide. Open
18-Why do the laminations are made up of silicon steel sheets?

Higher the silicon content in steel sheets increases the resistivity & reduces the
eddy current losses. But silicon percentage is restricted up to 3.25% max.to avoid
brittleness of sheet.

19-What are the various tests carried out on Transformers?

Meggering

IR value measurement
Magnetic balance test
Magnetizing current test
Capacitor measurement
Ratio test
Vector group test

https://www.powerplantandcalculations.com/2020/10/30-selected-questions-answers-on-power-transformers.html 3/7
4/10/22, 3:25 PM Power plant and calculations: Questions & Answers on Power Transformers
Induced voltage test
Temperature rise test
CLOSE ADS BDV test CLOSE ADS
No load current test
No load loss test

Turbine oil and transformer oil standard testing parameters

20-What is the significance of magnetizing current test?

Cable
Protection
This test is performed to locate the defects in the magnetic core structure,
To detect the shifting of winding, failure
To detect the problems in tap changers
Solutions
21-What are factors which affect IR value of transformer?

Surface condition of the terminal bushings Our flexible conduits

Quality of oil and fittings can be
Quality of winding insulation used in every
Temperature of oil industry.
Duration of application & value of test voltage

22-What are the various protections given for power transformers? Anamet Europe
Differential protection for earth faults
High oil temperature & high winding temperature protection
Over current protection
Over fluxing protection Open
Protection against fire
Protection against lightening
Buchholz relay for gas & arcing protection
Pressure relief valve

23-On what factors transformer loading depends on?

Transformer current
Winding temperature
Oil temperature

24-What are the effects of Transformer over loading?

Overloading results into

Cable
Cellulose insulation becomes mechanically weak & resulting in winding
failure Protection
Oil gets rapidly oxidized
Solutions
25-What is the function of tap changer in Power transformers?

Tap changer is for adjusting the secondary voltage Our flexible conduits
and fittings can be
26-What do you mean by No-load current?
used in every
The current flowing through the terminal of a winding when rated voltage is applied industry.
at rated frequency the other winding being left open circuited

27-What do you mean by no-load losses in Power transformers? Anamet Europe

The active power absorbed when rated voltage at rated frequency is applied to the
terminals of one winding, with other winding being left open circuited

28-What parameters of Transformer oil are tested yearly?

Open
Transformer oil qualities are recommended as per IS-335-1963

Density
Kinematic Viscosity
Flash Point
Pour point
Neutralization Number (Acidity)
Sludge
Moisture content
Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA)
Dielectric Dissipation test

https://www.powerplantandcalculations.com/2020/10/30-selected-questions-answers-on-power-transformers.html 4/7
4/10/22, 3:25 PM Power plant and calculations: Questions & Answers on Power Transformers
Interfacial tension
Break down Voltage
CLOSE ADS CLOSE ADS
29-What is the importance of Transformer BDV test?

BDV test is done to detect moisture, dirt & conductive particles in the oil. The BDV
value should be more than 50 KV

30-Briefly explain the BDV test of transformer oil?

This test applies an AC voltage of frequency 40 to 60 Hz through two polished

electrodes having diameter 12.5mm to 13 mm with oil gap around 2.5 to 4.0
mm.Rise in voltage between the electrodes is at uniform rate of 2 KV/sec.Thus
voltage is increased from zero to till breakdown.

The final value will be arithmetic mean of 6 consecutive tests

at
October 11, 2020

Labels:
Electrical & Instrumentation

No comments:

Post a Comment
Hi all,

This article is written based on practical experience..If liked, share with others, or any suggestions
leave in comment box.

Enter your comment...

Comment as:
Google Accoun

Publish

Preview

Newer Post Home Older Post

Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)

How do you carryout performance Guarantee (PG) test of power plant equipments??

  What do you mean by performance Guarantee (PG) test?   It is a test carried out to measure the
performance of an equipment as guaranteed...

https://www.powerplantandcalculations.com/2020/10/30-selected-questions-answers-on-power-transformers.html 5/7
4/10/22, 3:25 PM Power plant and calculations: Questions & Answers on Power Transformers

CLOSE ADS CLOSE ADS

Frequently visited posts

Calculation of heat rate & efficiency of the power plant
Heat rate  is the amount of energy used by an electrical generator/power plant to generate one kilo Watt-
hour (kWh) of electricity Hea...

Boiler feed pumps (BFP) questions & answers for interview

Boiler feed pumps (BFP) questions & answers for interview: 1-What is the function of Boiler
feed pumps (BFP) in power plant? ...

STEAM CONDENSER,VACUUM AND CALCULATIONS About Me

A steam condenser is device or an appliance in which steam condenses and heat released
by steam is absorbed by water. Heat is basi...

Basic things you must know about nut bolts & spanners
A Bolt is a mechanical device which has head on one end of a body and a thread on the
Powerplant and calculations
other end designed for fastening of two parts. Bo...
View my complete profile

Objective & Viva Questions & Answers for preparation of Boiler operation Engineer (BOE) exam & Boiler ► 
2022
(10)
Interview
1-Why Boiler is considered as explosive equipment / system? Boiler involves the generation of steam at ► 
2021
(45)
higher pressure & temperature u...
▼ 
2020
(58)
Boiler calculations for Boiler operation Engineer Exam (BOE) December
(2)
  1-Oxygen percentage in Boiler outlet flue gas is 4.9%, then what will be the percentage of excess air? We
have excess air EA = O2 X 100 / ... November
(2)

October
(4)
Questions answers & calculation on Boiler draught & Chimney
1-What do you mean by the term draught? It is the pressure difference, which causes flow of September
(3)
gases to take places. 2-What is the...
August
(5)

July
(11)

June
(8)

May
(23)

Labels
AVR
Boiler
Efficiency & performance

Electrical & Instrumentation

energy conservation & thumb rules in power
plant
ESP

fuel handling
Mechanical Engineering

pmg
power generation

https://www.powerplantandcalculations.com/2020/10/30-selected-questions-answers-on-power-transformers.html 6/7
4/10/22, 3:25 PM Power plant and calculations: Questions & Answers on Power Transformers

power plant
Power plant best operation & maintenance
CLOSE ADS books CLOSE ADS

power plant maintenance

power plants

pumps/compressors/fans
safety and energy

steam turbine
Water treatment plant

Report Abuse

Home
Boiler
Turbine

Maintenance
Fuel handling

Efficiency&Performance
WTP

E&I
Pumps/compressors/fans

Home Search This

Boiler Blog
Turbine Search
Maintenance
Fuel handling

Efficiency&Performa
nce

WTP
E&I
Pumps/compressors
/fans
Disclaimer

Privacy policy
About us

Contact us

Watermark theme. Powered by Blogger.

https://www.powerplantandcalculations.com/2020/10/30-selected-questions-answers-on-power-transformers.html 7/7