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PHYS 1401 General Physics I Experiment 13 Latent Heat of Fusion

This experiment aims to determine the latent heat of fusion of ice using the method of mixtures. Warm water and pieces of ice are mixed in an insulated calorimeter cup. The initial and final temperatures are measured. The heat lost by the warm water is calculated and divided into portions that raised the ice temperature to its melting point, melted the ice, and raised the temperature of the melted ice. The latent heat of fusion is calculated using the heat required to melt the ice and the mass of ice.

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Alicia Haughton
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94 views

PHYS 1401 General Physics I Experiment 13 Latent Heat of Fusion

This experiment aims to determine the latent heat of fusion of ice using the method of mixtures. Warm water and pieces of ice are mixed in an insulated calorimeter cup. The initial and final temperatures are measured. The heat lost by the warm water is calculated and divided into portions that raised the ice temperature to its melting point, melted the ice, and raised the temperature of the melted ice. The latent heat of fusion is calculated using the heat required to melt the ice and the mass of ice.

Uploaded by

Alicia Haughton
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYS 1401

General Physics I

EXPERIMENT 13
LATENT HEAT OF FUSION

I. INTRODUCTION
The objective of this experiment is to determine the latent heat of fusion of ice
using the method of mixtures. This will be done by measuring the initial tempera-
tures of a certain amount of ice and warm water, mixing them in a calorimeter cup
and then measuring their final temperature as they come to thermal equilibrium.

BASIC CONCEPTS

1. When a solid is being melted, heat is added to it to melt it, yet its temperature
remains constant. In fact its temperature will remain the same (= the melting
point of the solid) until all the solid has melted.

2. The amount of heat needed to melt a solid depends on the type of solid and
its mass.

Heat to melt a solid = mass of the solid × its latent heat of fusion
Q = mLf (1)

3. When two substances are mixed in an insulated container such as a calorime-


ter cup, heat will flow from the hot substance to the cold substance. Assum-
ing the heat absorbed by the container and the heat lost to the environment
are both negligible, then

Heat lost by the hot substance = Heat gained by the cold substance. (2)

4. In this experiment, the heat lost by the warm water, Q, will divide into three
portions:

(a) One portion of the heat will raise the temperature of the ice from its
initial temperature to 0.0◦ C which is its melting point. This portion of
the heat will be called Q1 .
(b) The second portion of the heat will melt the ice. This portion of the heat
will be called Q2 .
(c) The third portion of the heat will raise the temperature of the water
formed by the melting ice from 0.0◦ C to the final temperature of the
mixture. This portion of the heat will be called Q3 .

5. We will write this in an equation form like this

Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 (3)

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III. APPARATUS
Calorimeter, thermometer, balance, ice and water.

IV. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

1. Measure the mass of the empty calorimeter cup, mc and record it in the data
table.

2. Fill the calorimeter cup about half full of warm water having a temperature
about 27◦ C.

3. Measure the mass of the calorimeter cup and water, mc+w .

4. Measure the initial temperature of the water, Tiw .

5. Measure the initial temperature of the ice, Tice . This should be a negative
number.

6. Dry small pieces of ice with paper towels to remove the adhering water. Add
these pieces of ice to the calorimeter containing the water and watch the tem-
perature drop. Gently stir the water.

7. When the ice is completely melted and the temperature of the water stops
decreasing, measure the final temperature of the mixture, Tf .

8. Measure the mass of the calorimeter cup and the water. Some of the water is
melted ice, mc+w+ice .

V. ANALYSIS

1. Calculate the mass of the water, mw and show your calculation below.

2. Calculate the mass of the ice, mice and show your calculation below.

3. Calculate the amount of heat lost by the water. Show your calculation below.
cw = 1.00 cal/g◦ C
Q = mw cw ( Tw − Tfinal ) (4)

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4. Calculate Q1 which is the amount of heat which raised the temperature of the
ice from its initial temperature Tice to 0.0. Take cice = 0.530 cal/g◦ C. Show
your calculation below.

Q1 = mice cice (0.0 − Tice ) (5)

5. Calculate Q3 which is the amount of heat which raised the temperature of the
melted ice from 0.0 to Tfinal . Take cw = 1.00 cal/g◦ C. Show your calculation
below and enter your result in the data table.

Q3 = mice cw ( Tfinal − 0.0) (6)

6. Calculate Q2 . This is the amount of heat which melted the ice.

Q2 = Q − Q1 − Q3 (7)

7. Usint the equation H2 = mice Lf , calculate the latent heat of fusion of ice, Lf .
Show your calculation below and enter your result in the data table.

Q2
Lf = (8)
mice

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8. The accepted value of the latent heat of fusion of ice is 80.0 cal/g. Calculate
the percent difference between your measured value and the accepted value.
Show your calculation below and enter your result in the data table.

9. Write a conclusion summarizing your results. Comment on the success of


this experiment. Explain any percent differences which are larger than 10%.
What do you think are the two most important sources of error in this exper-
iment?

Experiment (13) Data Table

Mass of Mass of Mass of Mass of Mass of

empty cup cup+water water cup+water+ice ice

mc m c+w mw mc+w+ice mice

(g) (g) (g) (g) (g)

Experiment (13) Data Table

Initial temp Initial temp Final temp Heat of

of warm water of ice of water+ice fusion of ice


% difference
Ti,w Tice Tf Lf

( ◦ C) ( ◦ C) ( ◦ C) (cal/g◦ )

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