Activity Worksheets

Biotechnology
SY 2020-2021

Pavia National High School

Prepared by:

Ma. Cecilia H. Jaranilla

Teacher

PAVIA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

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 Biotechnology

Name: ________________________________ Grade & Sec.: _________________ Score: _____________

Cells
Activity # 1

The cell (from Latin cella, meaning “small room”) is the basic structural,
functional, and biological unit of all organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life.
Cells are often called the “building blocks of life”. The typical cell is usually
microscopic – can only be seen using a microscope. It is also composed of
smaller parts inside called cellular organelles. The study of cells is called
cell biology, cellular biology, or cytology.

Objectives:
1. Identify the characteristics of cells.
2. Describe the 3 main parts of the cell based on its location.
3. Enumerate the importance of the cell to an organism.

A. Based on the paragraph above, kindly identify the characteristics (5) of a typical cell and list them down
below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

B. Describe the 3 main parts of a typical cell based on its location.

The 3 main parts of the cell are the Cell membrane, Nucleus and the Cytoplasm. By looking at the
illustration, can you please describe these 3 main parts according to its location (outer, inner, middle).

Cell Membrane - ______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Cytoplasm - __________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

Nucleus - ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

C. List down the importance of cells.

Cells are important in maintaining the basic structure and processes that are happening inside the body
of each organism. In order to continue living, cells should function in different ways. Can you name some of
these functions? (Example – transport water throughout its body.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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 Biotechnology

Name: ________________________________ Grade & Sec.: _________________ Score: _____________

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

Activity # 2

Prokaryotes are simple, small cells, whereas eukaryotic cells are complex, large structured and are present in
trillions which can be single celled or multicellular.  Prokaryotic cells do not have a well-defined nucleus but DNA
molecule is located in the cell, termed as nucleoid, whereas eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus, where genetic
material is stored.  Based on the structure and functions, cells are broadly classified as Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic.

Objectives:
1. To identify prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
2. To differentiate prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells.
3. To classify organisms as prokaryote or eukaryote.

I. Illustrations of a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell. Identify which illustration is a prokaryotic and which is a
eukaryotic cell. Write the correct answer below the illustration. (Write prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell only.)

_____________________________________
_____________________________________

II. List down the parts that you can observe in a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell. Write your answers on the
table provided.

Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Questions:
1. What is the difference of prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells in terms of its genetic material or nucleus?

2. How about in terms of its cellular organelle contents?

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III. Given the following organisms, Identify if it is a prokaryotic or a eukaryotic cell. Write the name of the
organism on the provided table corresponding to your answer.
.

Ameba Protozoa Alogbati

Banana Turtle Bacteria

Jasmine Streptococcus

Mango Lactobacillus

Prokaryotic Celled Organisms Eukaryotic Celled Organisms

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Biotechnology

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Name: Trinity Marie J. Hablan Grade & Sec.: 8 – Aster Score: _____________

Cellular Organelles
Activity # 3

An organelle (think of it as a cell’s internal organ) is a membrane bound structure found within a cell. Just like
cells have membranes to hold everything in, these mini-organs are also bound in a double layer of phospholipids to
insulate their little compartments within the larger cells. You can think of organelles as smaller rooms within the factory,
with specialized conditions to help these rooms carry out their specific task (like a break room stocked with goodies or a
research room with cool gadgets and a special air filter). These organelles are found in the cytoplasm, a viscous liquid
found within the cell membrane that houses the organelles and is the location of most of the action happening in a cell.

Objectives:
1. To label the different organelles found in different types of cells.
2. To classify whether these organelles can be found if animal or plant cells.
3. To differentiate plant from animal cells based on the organelle present in each.

A. Below is an illustration of a plant and animal cell. Please label the name of the organelle that is indicated.
Write your answer inside the blank box.

B. Classify whether the following parts are found in plant cell only, animal cells only and both. Write P before
the item that belongs to plant cells only, A for animal cells only and B if it is found in both.
_B_ _ 1. Mitochondria _A __ 6. Nucleus _P __ 11. Chloroplasts
_B_ _ 2. Golgi Apparatus _B __ 7. Cytoplasm _P_ _ 12. Cell Wall
_A __ 3. Central vacuole _B __ 8. Smooth ER _A __ 13. Plasmodesmata
_B __ 4. Ribosomes _B_ _ 9. Rough ER _A __ 14. Flagellum
_A __ 5. Centrioles _A __ 10. Nucleolus _A__ 15. Lysosome

C. In one statement, differentiate plant from animal cells in terms of its cellular organelle.
While both animal and plant cells have microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs), animal cells also have centrioles associated with the
MTOC: a complex called the centrosome. Animal cells each have a centrosome and lysosomes, whereas plant cells do not. Plant cells have a
cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole, whereas animal cells do not.

PAVIA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Biotechnology

Name: ________________________________ Grade & Sec.: _________________ Score: _____________

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 Functions of Cellular Organelles
Activity # 4

Cell organelle is a specialized entity present inside a particular type of cell that performs a specific
function.There are various cell organelles, out if which, some are common in most types of cells like cell membranes,
nucleus, and cytoplasm. However, some organelles are specific to one particular type of cell-like plastids and cell walls in
plant cells.

Objectives:
1. To identify the functions of individual cellular organelles.
2. To match the name of the organelle with its appearance.

A. Fill in the blanks with its appropriate answer.

1. The nucleus is often considered to be the cell’s control center.
2. The cytoplasm consists of everything inside the plasma membrane of the cell.
3. The plasma membrane forms a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell.
4. The cytoplasm is essentially a “skeleton” inside the cell.
5. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is imbedded with ribosomes .
6. Lysosomes use enzymes to break down foreign matter and dead cells.
7. Plant cells specifically have a cell wall, a large central vacuole, and chloroplasts.
8. The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps make and transport Smooth ER and lipids.
9. Mitochondria are sometimes referred to as the powerhouses of the cell
10. Human beings have ____________-level organization, in which groups of organs work together to do a
certain job.
11. Centrioles help make sure each daughter cell has the correct number of chromosomes after the cell
divides.
12. Cilia and flagella are extensions of the plasma membrane of many cells.

B. Match the name of the organelle with its appearance. Match the number of the organelle in the illustration
with its corresponding appearance function.

___ 1. It regulates what can be allowed to enter and exit the cell through channels, acting as a semi-permeable
membrane, which facilities the exchange of essential compounds required for the survival of the cell.
___ 2. The critical function of this organelle is protecting and maintaining the shape of the plant cell. It also
helps the cell withstand the turgor pressure of the cell.
___ 3. During cell division, they have a crucial role in forming spindle fibers which assist the movement of
chromatids towards their respective sides.
___ 4. These are responsible for the movement of the organisms as well as for the movement of various
particles present around the organisms.
___ 5. Contains an essential pigment called chlorophyll necessary to trap sunlight for the production of
glucose.
___ 6. Refers to everything present inside the cell except the nucleus.
___ 7. Act as a storage for nutrients as well as waste materials to protect the cell for toxicity.
___ 8. Contains many of the enzymes required for several metabolic processes, and the surface is essential
for other operations like diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.
___ 9. Responsible for the packaging of macromolecules into vesicles so that they can be sent out to their site
of action.
___ 10. Responsible for intracellular digestion where the larger macromolecules are degraded into smaller
molecules with the help of enzymes present in them.
___ 11. Synthesis of energy in the form of ATP required for the proper functioning of all the cell organelles.
___ 12. Responsible for controlling all cellular activities as well as a center for genetic materials, and it’s
transferring.
___ 13. Responsible for the synthesis of ribosomes. 

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___ 14. Are tiny passages or channels that allow the transfer of material and communication between different
cells.
___ 15. Site of biological protein synthesis in all living organisms.

D
H
C
B E
A
F I

J
O

L
K
N
M

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Biotechnology

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Name: ________________________________ Grade & Sec.: _________________ Score: _____________

Cell Cycle: How it works?

Activity # 5

A cell cycle is a series of events that takes place in a cell

as it grows and divides. A cell spends most of its time in what is
called interphase, and during this time it grows, replicates its
chromosomes, and prepares for cell division. The cell then l
eaves interphase, undergoes mitosis, and completes its division.
The resulting cells, known as daughter cells, each enter their own
interphase and begin a new round of the cell cycle.

Objective:
1. To state the 3 main stages of the cell cycle.
2. To describe what happens to the cell during each stage and sub stages.
3. To list down the importance of the cell cycle.

A. Identify the 3 main stages of the cell cycle. Given the illustration of the cell cycle above, answer the
following questions to find out the 3 main stages of the cell cycle.
___________________ 1. What stage of the cell cycle wherein the cell grows, chromosomes are replicated
and makes repairs in preparation for division?
___________________ 2. What stage is composed of 4 stages in which chromosomes divide and travels to
opposite poles in preparation for actual cell division?
___________________ 3. Which stage shows the actual cell division into two daughter cells.
4. What are the 3 main division of the cell cycle? ____________________, ____________________,
_________________

B. Based on the illustration below, describe what happens to each individual stages of the cell cycle that is
asked.

I. Interphase
a. Gap 1/G1 phase - _________________________________________________________________

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 b. Synthesis/ S phase- _______________________________________________________________
c. Gap 2/G2 phase- _________________________________________________________________
II. Mitosis
a. Prophase- ______________________________________________________________________
b. Metaphase- _____________________________________________________________________
c. Anaphase- ______________________________________________________________________
d. Telophase- ______________________________________________________________________
III. Cytokinesis- __________________________________________________________________________

Questions: (Research on this)

1. What is the difference between karyokinesis from cytokinesis? ___________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. How long will one cell cycle occur? (in terms of minutes or hours) For bacteria ______________________,
For plant cells____________________________ and for animal cells ______________________________
3. How does G0 takes place and why does it takes place in some cells? _____________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

C. List down importance of the cell cycle.

1.
2.
3.

Critical Thinking: Answer this question.

What is the role of the cell cycle in CANCER?

PAVIA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Biotechnology

Name: ________________________________ Grade & Sec.: _________________ Score: _____________

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 Chromosomes: Its Anatomy and Physiology
Activity # 6

Chromosome, the microscopic threadlike part of the cell that

carries hereditary information in the form of genes. A defining
feature of any chromosome is its compactness. The compactness
of chromosomes plays an important role in helping to organize
genetic material during cell division and enabling it to fit inside
structures such as the nucleus of a cell. Each chromosome is made
up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones
that support its structure.

Objectives:
1. To state the function of the chromosomes.
2. To label the parts of the chromosomes.

A. Label the parts of a chromosome. Write your answer inside the box.

Reference for the

answers:

Centromere
p arm
DNA
Chromatids
Q arm

B. Understanding the characteristics, functions and importance of a chromosome. Answer the following
questions.
1. What organelle of the cell are chromosomes located? ____________________
2. What is a genetic material? Does all organisms have these? ____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. What are genes? ______________________________________________________________________
4. Does chromosomes carry genes? ___________
5. What is the role of chromosomes in the transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring? ____________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
6. What is a centromere? __________________________________________________________________
7. What are sister chromatids? ______________________________________________________________
8. How many chromosomes are there in a human cell? ________ Does all organisms have the same number
of chromosomes? ________

PAVIA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Biotechnology

Name: ________________________________ Grade & Sec.: _________________ Score: _____________

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 Mitosis: Somatic Cell Reproduction
Activity # 7

Mitosis is a type of cell division in which one cell (the mother) divides to produce two new cells (the daughters)
that are genetically identical with it. In the context of the cell cycle, mitosis is the part of the division process in which the
DNA of the cell's nucleus is split into two equal sets of chromosomes.

Objectives:
1. To sequence properly the stages of mitosis using illustrations.
2. To describe the mechanism of the cell in each stage.
3. To state the importance of mitosis in an individual organism.

A. Given the illustrations of the cell in different stages of mitosis, sequence them correctly by writing numbers
below each illustration (1-5).

B. Given the illustration of the 5 stages of mitosis, identify and write the correct name of each stage of mitosis
in the box. Then describe briefly what can you observed in each stage. Write it on the table below each stage.

1. 2.
Stage
Description

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 3. 4. 5.

Stage
Description

C. The pictures below show the importance of mitosis in an organism. Can you specifically state how
important is mitosis to us.

1. ____________________________ 2. ___________________________ 3. __________________________

______________________________ _____________________________ ____________________________

______________________________ _____________________________ ____________________________

PAVIA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Biotechnology

Name: ________________________________ Grade & Sec.: _________________ Score: _____________

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 Meiosis:
Activity # 8

Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of
genetic information. These cells are our sex cells – sperm in males, eggs in females. Meiosis has two
main divisions which is divided into four stages each. Meiosis 1 and meiosis 2.

Objectives?
1. To sequence the stages of meiosis.
2. To match the illustration of the stages with its description.
3. To differentiate meiosis 1 from meiosis 2.
4. To explain why meiosis is only undergone by sex cells.

A. Correctly sequence the stages of meiosis. The illustration is shown in two main parts. Arrange the stages
of meiosis 1 first and followed by meiosis 2. Write the number of your answer below the pictures.

I. Meiosis 1

_____ _____ ______ _____

II. Meiosis 2

______ _____ _____ _____

B. The description below describes the stages of meiosis. Connect with arrows the name of the correct stage
that is described in each item.

Meiosis 1 The chromosome condense and Anaphase 1

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the nuclear envelope Chromosomes in each cell Metaphase 2
breaksdown. Crossing-over condense.
occurs. Chromosomes line up at the Anaphase 2
Homologous chromosomes Prophase 1 equator
moves to the equator of the cell. Centromeres divide. Chromatids Telophase 2
Homologous chromosome move Telophase 1 move to the opposite poles of the
to the opposite poles of the cell cell.
Chromosomes gather at the Metaphase 1 A nuclear envelope forms around Prophase 2
opposite poles of the cells. The each set of chromosomes. The
cytoplasm prepares to divide cytoplasm in each cell prepare to
divide to produce 4 cells.
Meiosis 2

C. Fill up the table below about the differences between mitosis and meiosis.

Category Mitosis Meiosis

Number of stages
Number of cells produced
Type of cells that undergo the process
Daughter cells (Diploid/Haploid)
Number of divisions

D. Critical Thinking: Answer the question.

Meiosis happens only to sex cells or gametes (egg and sperm cells). Why do you think that only these
types of cells undergo this type of cellular reproduction?

Answer:

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C. Fill up the table below about the differences between mitosis and meiosis.

Category Mitosis Meiosis

Number of stages
Number of cells produced
Type of cells that undergo the process
Daughter cells (Diploid/Haploid)
Number of divisions

D. Critical Thinking: Answer the question.

Meiosis happens only to sex cells or gametes (egg and sperm cells). Why do you think that only
these types of cells undergo this type of cellular reproduction?

Answer:

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