Math [4.3] Direct, Indirect, Partitive Proportion Mitsa Tutoring Organization || 2021.

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Direct, Indirect, Partitive Proportion

MEASURE Test your knowledge!

INSTRUCTIONS: Analyze the following scenarios and determine whether the

value of the required variable will increase or decrease.

1. What will happen to the travel time if the speed of a car is reduced from
80kph to 60kph?
2. If you increase your order from 6 kilos of mangoes to 8 kilos, will the total
price increase or decrease?
3. During a class trip, one of the buses broke down, forcing the students to
transfer to the rest of the functioning buses. What will happen to the
number of students per bus?

INSPIRE Set your goals!

Differentiate the different types of proportion

Identify the type of proportion exhibited by a given example

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TEACH Learn with us!

As mentioned in the previous module, proportion defines the equality of two ratios.
Did you know that there are different types of proportion? In this module, the three
types of proportion will be discussed. It is important to determine what type of
proportion is demonstrated by the problem before solving it.

Direct Proportion
- If an increase in quantity leads to an increase of another quantity at the same
rate (or vice versa), then they are directly proportional.
- Expressed as
Variable1A: Variable2A= Variable1B : Variable2B
Examples:
- Quantity and Price
- Exchange rate and Money received

Think about it!

Why do you think these are examples of a direct proportion?

Problem #1: If a scoop of ice cream costs 20 pesos, then how much will three
scoops of ice cream cost?

No. of ice cream scoopsA : PriceA = No. of ice cream scoopsB : PriceB
1:20 = 3:x
x = 60
(Three scoops of ice cream will cost 60 pesos)

The number of scoops is directly proportional to the price of the ice cream
because when the number of scoops increased, the price also increased.

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Problem #2: If 120 people are distributed evenly among three rooms, how many
people are in one room?

PeopleA : No. of roomsA = PeopleB : No. of rooms

B
120:3 = x:1
120 = 3x
x = 40
(There are 40 people in one bus)

The number of rooms is directly proportional to the number of people that can
be accommodated because when the number of rooms decreased, the number
of people also decreased.

Indirect Proportion
- If a decrease in quantity leads to an increase of another quantity, then they
are indirectly proportional. This is also true if an increase in quantity results in a
decrease in another quantity.
- Expressed as
Variable1A: Variable1B= Variable2B : Variable2A

Examples:
- Speed and time
- Work problems

Think about it!

Why do you think these are examples of an indirect proportion?

Problem #3: If six pipes can fill a swimming pool in 8 hours, then how long will it
take for four pipes to fill the same pool?
No. of pipesA : No. of pipe B = Time B: TimeA
6:4 = x:8
4x = 48
x = 12

(It will take 12 hours for four pipes to fill the pool)

The number of pipes is inversely proportional to the time it will take to fill the
pool because increasing the number of pipes will speed up the process while
decreasing the number of pipes.

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Problem #4: If Manny drives at a speed of 50 km/h, he can arrive at his office in an
hour. How long will it take him if he drives at the speed of 60 km/h.

Speed A:Speed B= Time B : Time A

50:60 = x:1
60x = 50
x = 5/6
(It will take him 5/6 of an hour or 50 minutes.)

The number of rooms is directly proportional to the number of people that can
be accommodated because when the number of rooms decreased, the number
of people also decreased.

Partitive Proportion
- This is used when a given whole is to be divided into several parts using a
given ratio.
- Steps in solving partitive proportion problems:
1. Add the values in the ratio
2. Divide the whole by the sum of the values in the ratio. This will be the
multiplier
3. Multiply each term in the ratio by the multiplier to get the final values

Examples:
- Dividing goods among a group of people
- Cutting an object into segments or pieces

Problem #5: A basket containing 30 candies is to be divided among 4 siblings in the

ratio 6:4:2:3. How many candies will each child receive?

Step 1: 6 + 4 + 2 + 3 = 15
Step 2: 30 ÷ 15 = 2
Step 3: 6 x 2 = 12
Step 3: 4 x 2 = 8
Step 3: 2 x 2 = 4
Step 3: 3 x 2 = 6

The siblings will receive 12, 8, 4, and 6 candies respectively.

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SUMMARIZE Wrap it up!

Type Definition Trend

Direct An increase(or decrease) in one value will result in Same

an increase (or decrease) of another value.

Indirect An increase(or decrease) in one value will result in Opposite

a decrease (or increase) of another value.

Partitive A given whole is divided into parts using a given Divide

ratio.

APPLY Check your learning!

I. INSTRUCTIONS: Write D if the given situation exhibits direct proportion, I if it

exhibits indirect proportion, and P if it exhibits partitive proportion.
1. Size of the tumbler and the amount of water it can hold.
2. Divide 200 into parts in the ratio 2:5:3.
3. The number of cleaners and the time it will take to clean a classroom.

II. INSTRUCTIONS: See the revised problems from the measure part. Identify if
it exhibits direct or inverse proportion and solve for the unknown.
1. The travel time from Ben’s house to Tagaytay is 3 hours if he drives at
80kph. What is the new travel time his speed was reduced to 60kph?
2. If you increase your order from 6 kilos of mangoes to 8 kilos, what is the
total amount you have to pay if six kilos of mangoes cost 900 pesos?
3. During a class trip, one of six buses broke down, forcing the students to
transfer to the rest of the functioning buses. What will happen to the
number of students per bus if each bus contained 60 students at the start
of the trip and assuming the bus can still accommodate more students?

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ANSWER KEY

Measure
1. increase
2. increase
3. increase

Teach ('Think about it!' section)

Direct Proportion
1. Quantity and Price
- If you increase the quantity of something that you want to buy, the
price you need to pay will also increase.
2. Exchange rate and Money received
- If the exchange rate increased, the money that you will get in return
will also increase.

Indirect Proportion
1. Speed and time
- If you increase your speed, then you will get to your destination faster.
2. Work problems
- If more people work, then the task will be finished faster.

Apply

Part I Part I
1. D. By increasing the size of the 1. Inverse - 4 hours
tumbler, it can hold a bigger amount 2. Direct - 1200 pesos
of water 3. Inverse - 72 students
2. P. Since you are given a whole value
and ratio on how to divide the whole
number, this is a partitive proportion.
3. I. By decreasing the number of buses
available, the number of students that
each bus can hold evenly will increase.

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