8

English
Quarter 4 - Module 1:
Using Appropriate Grammatical
Signals or Expressions Suitable to
Each Pattern of Idea Development
English – Grade 8
Self-Learning Module
Quarter 4 – Module 1: Using Appropriate Grammatical Signals or Expressions Suitable
to Each Pattern of Idea Development
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Regional Director: Tolentino G. Aquino
Asst. Regional Director: Ronald B. Castillo
CLMD Chief: Arlene A. Niro

DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Writer: Jonald Q. Fabia
Editors: Jenelle M. De Vera, Menaliza T. Cortes
Reah B. Castro, Noraliza B. Abalos
Rachel J. Malicdem
Reviewers: Arlyn V. Garcia
Ferdinand S. Bravo
Layout Artist: Jonald Q. Fabia
MANAGEMENT TEAM:
OIC, Schools Division Superintendent: Ely S. Ubaldo
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent: Marciano U. Soriano, Jr.
Chief Education Supervisor, CID Carmina C. Gutierrez 0
Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS: Rustico P. Abalos, Jr.
Michael E. Rame
Education Program Supervisor, English: Marilou D. Roldan
District Supervisor: Arlyn V. Garcia
School Head-in-Charge: Ferdinand S. Bravo

Printed in the Philippines by Schools Division Office 1 Pangasinan

Department of Education – Region 1
SDO1 Pangasinan
Office Address: Alvear Street, East Capitol Ground, Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telefax: (075) 522-2202
E-mail Address: [email protected]

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 8
English 9
Quarter 4- Module 1
Using Appropriate Grammatical Signals
or Expressions Suitable to Each Pattern
of Idea Development

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover Page……………………………………………………………………………….i
Copyright Page………………………………………………………………………….ii
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………………iii
Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………… iv
Introductory Message…………………………………………………………………. v
What I need to Know…………………………………………………………………....1
What I Know…………………………………………………………………..................2
What’s In…………………………………………………………………........................3
What’s New…………………………………………………………………....................4
Activity: Environmentalist for a Cause
What is It…………………………………………………………………………………...5
What’s More……………………………………………………………………… ……….9
Activity 1: Signal Select
Activity 2: Fill Me Out
Activity 3: Puzzle Perfect
What I Have Learned………………………………………………………………….....11
What I Can Do…………………………………………………………………................12
Activity 1: Construct It
Activity 2: Problem, Solved!
Assessment…………………………………………………………………...................14
Answer Key…………………………………………………………………....................16
References………………………………………………………………….....................17

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Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the English 8 Self-Learning Module on Using Appropriate Grammatical
Signals or Expressions Suitable to Each Pattern of Idea Development!

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the English 8 Self-Learning Module on Using Appropriate Grammatical

Signals or Expressions Suitable to Each Pattern of Idea Development!
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create and accomplish.
Hence, the hand in this learning resource, signifies that you, as a learner, are capable and
empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace
and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning
resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to check
What I Know what you already know about the lesson to take.
If you get all the answers correctly (100%), you
may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced

What’s New to you in various ways, such as a story, a song, a
poem, a problem opener, an activity, or a
situation.

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 This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent practice

What’s More to solidify your understanding and skills on the
topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.

This includes questions or blank sentences/

What I Have Learned
paragraphs to be filled in to process what you
learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will help

What I Can Do you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

Assessment mastery in achieving the learning competency.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key module.

At the end of this module, you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this

module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator, once you are through with it.

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 If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

Adopted from: Department of Education-

Alternative Delivery Mode

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 What I Need to Know

This module was written and designed to help you master the skills in using
grammatical signals or expressions appropriately in various patterns of idea development.
The activities are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the lesson, but the order in
which you read them, can be changed to correspond with the Learner’s Material (LM) you are
now using.

Here, you are expected to develop your knowledge and skill in identifying and using
grammatical signals to improve writing, especially in achieving coherence in sentences or
paragraphs.

The Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) covered in this module is the
use of appropriate grammatical signals or expressions suitable to each pattern of idea
development: general to particular; claim and counterclaim; problem-solution; cause-effect;
and comparison and contrast.

Objectives:

As learners of this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify grammatical signals or expressions used in sentences and
paragraphs;
2. Use appropriate grammatical signals or expressions to achieve sentence
coherence; and
3. Construct sentences and paragraphs using appropriate grammatical signals
or expressions in various patterns of idea development.

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 What I Know

In your journey as a learner, have you encountered grammatical signals? The activity
that follows will serve as a pre-test to determine your knowledge about it. Your whole new
adventure starts here!

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate grammatical signals or expressions in each
of the sentences below. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. The parade of Miss Binmaley candidates in the downtown area ____________heavy

traffic.
a. answered b. challenged c. caused d. remedied

2. __________________ my research, learners like me have about 10 to15 minutes

attention span.
a. Apparently believe c. Perhaps
b. Although d. According to

3. Teddy enjoys running on the bay walk and working out; __________________, Jaime
loves playing Mobile Legends all day.
a. on the other hand b. as well as c. as a result d. for instance

4. Educating youth at an early age through media, news, and medical services is
__________________ to cigarette smoking addiction.
a. to respond c. the answer
b. an account of d. consequently

5. __________________the previous year, the price of seafood products in Binmaley is

much lower this year.
a. Compared to b. According to c. An account of d. Respond to

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 Lesson
Using Grammatical Signals or Expressions
1 Suitable to Each Pattern of Idea Development

As you continue this lesson, your goal in this section is to learn and understand the
key concepts of grammatical signals or expressions, their uses, and importance to achieve
coherence.

What’s In

In your previous lesson, you have learned about the use of Parallel Structures. Let us
see how well you remember their important concepts.

Activity: Review It!

Directions: Read aloud the sentences below and study the underlined words and the ideas
that they express.

1. The Binmaley Arcade is known for its remarkable qualities, such as cleanliness,
safety, and orderliness.
2. Mrs. Quinto told her learners that they should clean the room, arrange the chairs, and
water the plants to respond to the classroom’s problem on cleanliness and
orderliness.
3. Teachers do not only teach lessons; they also mold future leaders. Hence, teaching
is the noblest profession.
4. Because of her effective teaching strategies, the Grade 8 class enjoys reading books,
reciting poems, and writing stories.
5. Julia usually writes essays about personal experiences. In fact, almost all her essays
depict the different aspects of adulthood: handling emotions, coping with social
conflicts, and considering changes in physical aspects.

Do the underlined words show balance in form? Do the sentences provide clarity in
meaning? What do they express?
 You are right! The underlined words express appropriate parallel structures.

Parallel Structures can be achieved through these ways: use parallel structures when
connecting two clauses using coordinating conjunctions, such as for, and, nor, but, or, yet,
and so (FANBOYS); use parallel structures when writing elements in the form of a list or a
series; use parallel structures when making a comparison; and use parallel structures when

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using correlative conjunctions, such as either-or, neither-nor, not only- but also, and whether-
or.

 Have you noticed the words written in bold print?

 What do the words such as, respond to, hence, because, and in fact express?

What’s New

You have just done reviewing your previous lesson on using parallel structures and
you have known that grammatical signals, like such as, respond to, hence, because, and in
fact, can also be used to express cohesive ideas in sentences. This time, as you go through
the next activities, you will be learning about the correct use of grammatical signals or
expressions suitable to each pattern of idea development.

Activity: Environmentalist for a Cause

Directions: Study and analyze the statement of an environment advocate.

The world’s climate started changing several

years ago due to human actions, but we just realized
about the negative change in the last century. We
started experiencing changes on climate and its
effect to human life. We became conscious on what
climate change is and came to know that the earth
temperature is rising due to greenhouse effect.
Climate change causes rise in sea levels, intense
drought, extreme weather events, and other severe
natural impacts.

Self-check:

 How did the environmentalist express her points regarding climate change?
 What causes the rise of temperature?
 What are the effects of warming up of earth’s surface?
 Notice the underlined words in the statement. What do you think are these words?
 These words are examples of grammatical signals or expressions that express
cause and effect.

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 What Is It

Did the previous activity help you? This part of the module will deepen your learning
about grammatical signals or expressions used in each pattern of idea development.

What are patterns of idea development?

 You use patterns of idea development to express yourself. When you tell the
similarities and differences between the past and the future, you are using a pattern of
idea development called comparison and contrast. When you give several reasons
and effects regarding climate change, you are using cause-effect.

 Patterns of idea development show the relationships between supporting details in

sentences, paragraphs, and essays. The organization of the supporting details helps
you understand how an author thinks and helps you remember what you read.

Why do you need to use grammatical signals or expressions?

 Good writing must be designed so that it moves clearly and smoothly from one idea to
the next. This is the reason why the use of appropriate grammatical signals or
expressions is important. Grammatical signals or expressions can help you connect
the ideas in your sentences or paragraphs, whatever pattern of idea development is
used.

 Grammatical signals or expressions help you let readers follow the direction of your
thought.

Grammatical Signals or Expressions Used in Each Pattern of Idea Development

1. GENERAL TO PARTICULAR OR SPECIFIC

It is a pattern of development that starts with a general idea and is followed by

specific or supporting details to support and explain it.

The writer gives a general statement or idea that is supported by one or more
examples.

The signal words or expressions used in this pattern are:

such as for example like

namely in other words indeed
for instance that is in fact

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 Examples:

Teresita can dance a number of Pangasinan folk dances, such as Binislakan,

Oasioas, and Binasuan,

Great leaders are servant leaders because they are passionate towards
others. In fact, they advocate human rights, they promote equity and equality, and
they lead by example.

2. PROBLEM-SOLUTION

It is a pattern of idea development, composed of two main parts: the problem

and the solution.
The text presents a significant problem and explains it in detail. Then, a
possible solution is suggested.
It is used in persuasive writing where the writer convinces the reader to support
an idea, a belief, or a certain course of action.
The signal words or expressions used in this pattern are:

improve the problem is remedied

answer challenge indicate
the question is to solve plan a need
one answer is respond to propose

Examples:
Since pollution has a harmful impact on modern living standards, a key
solution is to increase recycling of waste products.
Dengue victims have commonly experienced fever accompanied by headache
and pain behind the eyes or muscle and joint pain for at least two days. The DOH
reminds that one of the most effective ways to solve the spread of the disease is by
ensuring cleanliness in communities, so that the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which
carries the dengue virus, would not be able to breed.

3. CAUSE- EFFECT

A pattern of idea development that describes or discusses an event/action that

is caused by another event/action.
The cause is the reason something happens. An effect is the outcome or what
happens because of the cause.

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 The writer discusses the relationship between two or more events or
experiences. The writer focuses on both the cause and the effect or addresses either
only the cause or the effect.
The signal words or expressions used in this pattern are:
Cause Effect
because therefore
since hence
due to as a result
for thus
as consequently
an account of for this reason

Examples:
The Filipinos are known all over the world because of their English fluency,
passion, hard work, camaraderie, and honesty.
As a result of her dedication and passion, Mrs. Buenafe has received several
recognitions and awards. In 2004, she was hailed as the most outstanding community
volunteer in Pangasinan.

4. CLAIM AND COUNTERCLAIM

A claim is a statement that presents an arguable position. It persuades,
argues, convinces, proves, or provocatively suggests something to a reader who may
or may not initially agree with you.
To reply or respond to a claim by denying it with corresponding reasons or
evidences is to make a counterclaim. A counterclaim is a statement that provides an
opposing or different belief, stance, or opinion.
The signal words or expressions used in this pattern are:

claim assert truth false contradict

challenge correct affirm agree confirm
according to imagine likely might perhaps
probably seem suggest apparently believe

Examples:
One parent claims that excessive use of gadgets has a negative effect on
strong family relationship.
I strongly agree that prevention is better that cure.

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5. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
A pattern of idea development used to emphasize the similarities and/or
differences between two or more items or topics.
Comparison means what things have in common while contrast means the
differences between items or concepts
The signal words or expressions used in this pattern are:
Comparison Contrast
Also as well as Although as opposed to
Both correspondingly But despite
compared to in comparison differs from even though
in the same way just as however Instead
likewise resembles nevertheless on the contrary
share similarly on the other hand in contrast
the same as instead in spite of
unlike whereas
while yet

Examples:
Green plants are able to manufacture their own food from substances in the
environment. This process is known as photosynthesis. In contrast, animals,
including man, get their food either directly from plants or indirectly by eating animals
which have eaten plants.
The American Flag and the British Flag are similar in some ways. They have
the same colors: blue, red, and white. They are also the same in size.

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 What’s More

In this part of the module, you will practice what you learned about grammatical signals
or expressions. The next set of activities will help you enrich your learning.
Activity 1: Signal Select

Directions: From the brick wall, select the grammatical signals or expressions. Write your
answers on separate sheet of paper.

Activity 2: Fill Me Out

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate grammatical signals or expressions.
Choose your answers from the grammatical signals or expressions in Activity 1 Signal
Select. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper
1. I really enjoyed the Princess Urduja movie. ______________, I prefer the book version
of it.
2. To ________________ the increasing waste management problem in Pangasinan, we
have to be responsible and sensitive individuals.
3. The solution to __________________ discipline among the Binmaley beach goers.
4. The teachers of Binmaley School of Fisheries _________________ their support to
online distance learning.

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 5. Learning never stops amid pandemic through different modalities, ______________,
blended learning.
6. This typhoon is nothing ______________ what we got last year here in Pangasinan.
7. The suggestions of the Binmalenians ____________the plans of the councilor.
8. Over the last six decades, several technological innovations have changed how we
communicate, _____________ the Internet and the smartphone
9. We did not achieve our goal _______________ we are not united.
10. The people who live near the Barangay Balogo river, damp their garbage anywhere.
______________, water pollution occurred and many fishes died.

Activity 3: Puzzle Perfect

Directions: Fill in the crossword puzzle with modal nouns defined below. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Down: Across:
1. Affirm and assert are used in this pattern 3. As well as is used in this pattern of
of idea development. idea development.
2. An example of grammatical signal used 5. An answer to the problem in a
is on the contrary. sentence or paragraph.
4. Being resolved in a sentence or paragraph. 7. This idea serves as supporting details
6. The outcome or what happens because of in general-specific pattern of idea
the cause. development.
8. The reason something happens.

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 What I Have Learned

What are your realizations as you journey through this lesson? Before moving forward,
reflect on the important points that you found helpful and challenging by completing the
sentences.

My Takeaways from this Lesson

After doing all the activities in this module, I learned that grammatical signals are
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.

I realized that I need to improve my _______________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.

For me, the most difficult part of the lesson is_______________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.

I believe, using appropriate grammatical signals is important because ____________

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.

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 What I Can Do

In this part of the module, you will apply what you learned from the lesson by doing
the activities below.
Activity 1: Construct It!
Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, construct sentences about each illustration using
the given grammatical signals or expressions for claim and counterclaim.
1. in fact 2. to solve

3. thus 4. suggest

5. in comparison 6. on the other hand

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 Activity 2: Problem, solved!

Due to COVID-19 pandemic, “new normal”

education became a trend and changes to
different aspects of learning happened such as
the implementation of the different learning
modalities. As a learner, what are the
problems or challenges you have
encountered and what are the solutions you
have made to continue education amid
pandemic?

Directions: Write a five- sentence paragraph using grammatical signals or expressions suited
for problem-solution pattern of idea development. Observe coherence and mechanics in
writing. Write your paragraph on a separate sheet of paper. You will be graded according to
the rubrics below.

Rubrics in Writing a Paragraph

Poor (1) Fair (2) Good (3) Excellent (4)
Organization Paragraph is not Some sentences Most of the Paragraph is in
in order. One or in the paragraph sentences in the order. Consistently
fewer transitional are in order. Used paragraph are in used transition
words were used. two or more order. No steps were words at the
transitional forgotten. Used appropriate time.
words. three or more
transitional words.
Conventions Lots of errors in Uses some A few errors but There are no errors
spelling and spelling and most spelling and in grade
punctuation. punctuation punctuation are appropriate
Makes the text correctly but there correct. spelling or
very difficult to are distracting punctuation.
read. errors.
Focus The writer does The writing is The writer stays on Writing is
not stay on topic. somewhat clear topic nearly all of the consistently on
but strays a bit off time. topic and keeps
the topic. reader interested.
Source: https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?sp=yes&code=Y27CA4&

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 Assessment
To test how far you’ve learned in this lesson, do the given activity below.

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate transition signals or expressions in each of
the sentences below. Choose the letter of your choice. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Teddy enjoys running on the bay walk and working out; __________________, Jaime
loves playing Mobile Legends all day.
a. on the other hand b. as well as c. as a result d. for instance

2. Educating youth at an early age through media, news, and medical services is
__________________ to cigarette smoking addiction.
a. to respond c. the answer
b. an account of d. consequently

3. They brought a lot of food, __________________ adobo, pancit palabok, kare-kare,

and buko juice.
a. indicating b. such as c. hence d. seem

4. __________________ my research, learners like me have about 10 to15 minutes

attention span.
a. Apparently believe b. Although c. Perhaps d. According to

5. The parade of Miss Binmaley candidates in the downtown area ____________heavy

traffic.
a. answered b. challenged c. caused d. remedied

6. Jenny studies well for several reasons: __________________, to maintain her grades,
to make her parents proud, and to achieve her dreams.
a. in other words b. like c. indeed d. in fact

7. A parent __________________ that television has a negative effect on children’s

health.
a. answers b. resembles c. hence d. argues

8. One __________________ to the problem of water pollution in some rivers of

Binmaley is proper waste management.
a. indeed b. solution c. result d. effect

9. Briana loves to go to parties. __________________, Bea loves to stay at home with

her family.
a. Because b. For this reason c. In contrast d. Although

10. I __________________ that fishery education will open many opportunities for me.
a. unlike b. challenge c. believe d. thereafter

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11. The weather has been very unpredictable. __________________, all the scheduled
activities of Sigay Festival were cancelled.
a. In other words c. In the same way
b. The question is d. For this reason

12. I love to write essays. __________________, I really enjoy joining writing contests and
receiving writing assignments from my teachers.
a. Instead b. Similarly c. In fact d. Likewise

13. The cook that they hired got sick. __________________, the event team ordered food
from a fast food chain.
a. Correspondingly b. As a result c. On the contrary d. Similarly

14. The new ordinance was passed to the towns of Pangasinan _________________the
increasing animal bite cases.
a. the same as b. whereas c. due to d. instead

15. __________________the previous year, the price of seafood products in Binmaley is

much lower this year.
b. Compared to b. According to c. An account of d. Respond to

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Answer Key

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References

Department of Education. “Alternative Delivery Mode English Grade 8.”

cairn.edu. “Signal Words.” Accessed March 2, 2021.

https://cairn.edu/documents/2016/10/writing-lab-signal-words.pdf/

cpp.edu. “Recognizing Transitions or Signal Words.” Accessed February 17, 2021.

https://www.cpp.edu/ramp/program-materials/recognizing-transitions.shtml

mpc.edu. “Patterns of Organization.” Accessed February 3, 2021.

https://www.mpc.edu/home/showdocument?id=12632

really-learn-english.com. “Compare and Contrast in English.” Accessed March 1, 2021.

https://www.really-learn-english.com/compare-and-contrast-in-english.html

une.edu.au. “Paragraph Types: Compare and/ or Contrast.” Accessed February 17, 2021.
https://www.une.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/12959/paragraph-comp.pdf

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – SDO 1 Pangasinan
Alvear St., Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone No.: (075) 522-2202

Email Address: [email protected]

We value your feedback and recommendations.