This document is a seminar report on Internet of Things (IoT) and its latest technologies submitted by Mr. Shankaranand B. Banti. It discusses the introduction of IoT, characteristics including connectivity, intelligence, scalability, and safety. It describes the key components of IoT such as RFID, electronic product codes, barcodes, addressing schemes, wireless sensor networks, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee. The working of IoT is explained through connecting devices to platforms for data integration, analytics, and sharing valuable information with applications. Examples of using IoT sensors in a car manufacturing business are provided.
This document is a seminar report on Internet of Things (IoT) and its latest technologies submitted by Mr. Shankaranand B. Banti. It discusses the introduction of IoT, characteristics including connectivity, intelligence, scalability, and safety. It describes the key components of IoT such as RFID, electronic product codes, barcodes, addressing schemes, wireless sensor networks, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee. The working of IoT is explained through connecting devices to platforms for data integration, analytics, and sharing valuable information with applications. Examples of using IoT sensors in a car manufacturing business are provided.
This document is a seminar report on Internet of Things (IoT) and its latest technologies submitted by Mr. Shankaranand B. Banti. It discusses the introduction of IoT, characteristics including connectivity, intelligence, scalability, and safety. It describes the key components of IoT such as RFID, electronic product codes, barcodes, addressing schemes, wireless sensor networks, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee. The working of IoT is explained through connecting devices to platforms for data integration, analytics, and sharing valuable information with applications. Examples of using IoT sensors in a car manufacturing business are provided.
This document is a seminar report on Internet of Things (IoT) and its latest technologies submitted by Mr. Shankaranand B. Banti. It discusses the introduction of IoT, characteristics including connectivity, intelligence, scalability, and safety. It describes the key components of IoT such as RFID, electronic product codes, barcodes, addressing schemes, wireless sensor networks, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee. The working of IoT is explained through connecting devices to platforms for data integration, analytics, and sharing valuable information with applications. Examples of using IoT sensors in a car manufacturing business are provided.
(As a CTA Activity) Submitted by Mr. SHANKARANAND B. BANTI USN: 2SD20LDE04
Course Instructor Dr. Jayashree C Nidagundi Assist Prof. Electronic and Communication Department
In partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the post graduate degree In Digital Electronics Engineering (M.Tech)
SDM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
DHARWAD-580002, ACADEMIC YEAR 2021-2022
(An autonomous institution affiliated to VTU Belagavi)
CONTENTS
Content Page no
Introduction 1
Characteristics of IOT 2
Component of IOT 3-4
Working of IOT 4-5
Application of IOT 5
Advantages of IOT 5
Disadvantages of IOT 6
Reference 6 IOT AND ITS LATEST TECHNOLOGIES
I. INTRODUCTION
The IoT (Internet of Things) is one of the leading and advantageous technologies in the 21st century, which can give the high-level implementation feasibility in the field of wireless telecommunications.
The IoT can also be defined as a smart and interconnected network in a highly dynamic infrastructure. It also provides the feature of from anywhere at any time.
• The main aim of internet of things is to create a huge and complex information system by combining various trending technologies like sensor data, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Data science, Networking, big data and Clouds.
• The biggest deal in IoT is to collect the huge data and data security in maintaining the data confidentiality and providing the privacy for every entity. As a result of all these aspects, new difficulties are entering in improving and implementing the current technologies.
• There are many such technologies by which many more difficulties are entering. They all must be investigated further. This is a special issue which examines the most recent contributions of IoT platform as well as in the progress of the trending technologies.
• A statement from IoT is that, monitor and control any technology from anywhere, anytime, wireless, fastest.
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IOT AND ITS LATEST TECHNOLOGIES
II. CHARACTERISTICS OF IOT
I. Connectivity–Connectivity is an important requirement of the IoT infrastructure. Things of IoT should be connected to the IoT infrastructure. Anyone, anywhere, anytime can connectivity should be guaranteed at all times Without connection, nothing makes sense. II. Intelligence and Identity– The extraction of knowledge from the generated data is very important. For example, a sensor generates data, but that data will only be useful if it is interpreted properly. Each IoT device has a unique identity. This identification is helpful in tracking the equipment and at times for querying its status. III. Scalability- The number of elements connected to the IoT zone is increasing day by day. Hence, an IoT setup should be capable of handling the massive expansion. The data generated as an outcome is enormous, and it should be handled appropriately. IV. Dynamic and Self-Adapting (Complexity)–IoT devices should dynamically adapt themselves to the changing contexts and scenarios. Assume a camera meant for the surveillance. It should be adaptable to work in different conditions and different light situations (morning, afternoon, night). V. Architecture– IoT architecture cannot be homogeneous in nature. It should be hybrid, supporting different manufacturers ‘products to function in the IoT network. IoT is not owned by anyone engineering branch. IoT is a reality when multiple domains come together. VI. Safety – There is a danger of the sensitive personal details of the users getting compromised when all his/her devices are connected to the internet. This can cause a loss to the user. Hence, data security is the major challenge. Besides, the equipment involved is huge. IoT networks may also be at the risk. Therefore, equipment safety is also critical.
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IOT AND ITS LATEST TECHNOLOGIES
III. COMPONENTS OF IOT
• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID): Radio waves send’s the object identifies wirelessly in the form of series number. In the Internet of Things, RFID technology plays a critical role in resolving object identification challenges. It's categorized into three groups based on how it's processed: active, passive, and semi active. Tags, readers, antennas, access controllers, software, and servers are the major components of RFID. It is useful to take automatic definition that allots a distinctive digital identity to everything. It's used in a variety of wireless applications, including discoverability, health monitoring, and defense uses. • Electronic product code (EPC): It is made up of four parts object naming service, EPC discovery service, EPC information service, EPC security service. Electronic product code is 64-bit or 94-bit code that electronically registers on RFID tag and to develop better design of electronic product code bar code and hold data about the EPC type, product serial number, product information, manufacture specification. • Barcode: This is a unique method of encrypting numbers and messages that use series of spaces and bars of varying sizes. A barcode is a machine-readable optical label that is placed on goods to record information about the object. Alpha Numeric, Numeric 2, and Dimensional are the 3 types of barcodes. It is developed to be readable machine, but by using a camera • Addressing scheme: The Internet of Things establishes connections between objects with the goal of creating a smart environment. As a result, all items must be uniquely identifiable, location and function. This is necessary for the purposes of digitizing all IoT entities, and everything assigned a special number that identifies it from other objects for the purposes of remote control over the Internet. This is critical for the success of the Internet of Things. Individuality, as well as reliability and scalability, are critical factors to consider while creating a unique addressing system. IPV4 designates a geographically defined range of sensors. IPV6 is another effective solution for gaining unique remote access to sources. And laser scanner it can be read.
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IOT AND ITS LATEST TECHNOLOGIES
• Wireless sensor network: It is a made up of dispense devices that work together to
monitor physical or environmental factors such as temperature, sound, and so on, using smart sensors. The data is collected and forwarded to central system for analysis. • Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi): This is a networking technique which uses a wireless signal to connecting computers and other devices. • Bluetooth: This is a low-cost wireless technology that uses short-range radio waves to communicate. • Zig Bee: Zigbee is a low-cost, low-power wireless IoT network technology that was designed as an open worldwide standard. The IEEE 802.15. 4 physical radio specifications under pins the Zigbee standard, which runs in unlicensed bands such as 2.4 GHz, 900 MHz, & 868 MHz. A protocol was created to enhance the benefits of wireless sensor networks. • Internet Protocol (IP): It's the most used internet protocol for transferring information across circumference and network borders. IPV4 and IPV6 are the two versions of IP currently in use. On the Internet, IPV4 is now in use.
IV. WORKING OF IOT
• Devices and objects with built in sensors are connected to an Internet of Things platform, which integrates data from the different devices and applies analytics to share the most valuable information with applications built to address specific needs. • These powerful IoT platforms can pinpoint exactly what information is useful and what can safely be ignored. This information can be used to detect patterns, make recommendations, and detect possible problems before they occur. • For example, if I own a car manufacturing business, I might want to know which optional components (leather seats or alloy wheels, for example) are the most popular. Using Internet of Things technology, I can: • Use sensors to detect which areas in a showroom are the most popular, and where customers linger longest; • Drill down into the available sales data to identify which components are selling fastest; • Automatically align sales data with supply, so that popular items don’t go out of stock.
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• The information picked up by connected devices enables me to make smart decisions
about which components to stock up on, based on real-time information, which helps me save time and money. • With the insight provided by advanced analytics comes the power to make processes more efficient. Smart objects and systems mean you can automate certain tasks, particularly when these are repetitive, mundane, time-consuming or even dangerous. Let’s look at some examples to see what this looks like in real life.
V. APPLICATION OF IOT • Smart Homes • Smart City • Self-driven Cars • IoT Retail Shops • Farming • Wearable • Smart Grids • Industrial Internet • Telehealth • Smart Supply-chain Management
VI. ADVANTAGES OF IOT
• Improved productivity of staff and reduced human labor. • Efficient operation management. • Better use of resources and assets. • Cost-effective operation. • Improved work safety. • Through marketing and business development. • Improved customer service and retention. • Better business opportunities. • More trustworthy image of the company.
• Mohammad Abdur Razzaquae, Milojevic-Jevric, Andrei Palade, and Siobhán Clarke
“Middleware for Intertnet of Things: A Survey” IEEE Internet of Things Journal Vol 3, Issue No.1, February, 2016.
• Safa A. Ahmed, Nahla Fadil Alwan, Ammar Mohamed Ali “Overview of internet things Basics,components and applications” J. of Univercity of Anbar for pure science vol 1, issue No.3, 2018.
• P.Arun Mozhi Devan et al. “IoT based vehicle emission monitoring and alerting system” 2019 IEEE student conference on research and development October 15-17, 2019.
• G,Joga Rao, A.vinod, N. Priyanka, Ch.siva Hari Kumar.k, “IoT based web controlled home automation using Raspberry PI” Raghu institute of technology, Visakhapatnam, Andra Pradesh, India, vol 2, issueNo.2, March,2019.
