GEd 102 – Mathematics in the Modern World

Problem Set No. 2

Name: Sophia Alessandra P. Bautista

Section: BSTM 1202

Note: The instructions on how to submit your answers to this problem set were given in
the Google Classroom.

I. Translate each of the following phrases into a mathematical expression. Use the letter x
to represent the unknown. If there are two unknowns, then use x and y; and if three
unknowns, use x, y and z.

1. A number increased by five

=x+5
2. Twice the square of a number
= 2x²
3. The square of the sum of two numbers
= (x + y) ²
4. The sum of the squares of two numbers
= x² + y²
5. A number less by three
=x-3
6. Twice of a number added by four
= 2x + 4
7. The cube of a number less than five
= x³ < 5
8. The area of a rectangle whose length is seven more than its width
= A= (L + 7) W
9. The difference of the squares of two numbers
= x² - y²
10. The quotient of the sum of two numbers by another number
= x + y/2
II. Do as indicated.

1. State whether each of the following is true or false:

a. An empty set is also called a unit set.

True
b. is an empty set.
True
c. A set with two elements has two subsets.
True
d. An equivalent set is also an equal set.
False
e. The set of counting numbers is an example of a finite set.
True

2. List down all the subsets of the set: A = {a, b, c, d}

= {a}, {b}, {a,b}, {c}, {a,c}, {b,c}, {a,b,c}, {a}, {b}, {a,b}, {c}, {a,c}, {b,c}, {a,b,c},
{d}, {a,d}, {b,d}, {a,b,d}, {c,d}, {a,c,d}, {b,c,d}, {a,b,c,d}
3. If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {i, o, u}, then what is A x B.
= (1, i), (1, o), (1, u), (2, i), (2, o), (2, u), (3, i), (3, o), (3, u)
4. Find x and y given that (x – y, x + y) = (6, 10)
x+y= 10, x-y 2x=16
x=16
2
8+y=10
y=10-8
y=2

5. Let U = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, A = {1, 3, 5, 7}, B = {2, 4, 6, 8} and

C = {3, 6, 9, 0}. Find the following:

a.) A= {1,3,5,7} union B= {2,4,6,8}

A ∪ B= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
b.) B= {2,4,6,8} interest C= {3,6,9,0}
B ∩ C= {6}
c.) If A= {2,4,6,8}
A= {2,4,6,8,9}
B= {2,4,6,8}
B= {0,1,3,5,7,9}
A ∩ B = {0,9}
d.) If A ∪ B = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
Let ∪ = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} then
(A ∪ B) = {0,9}

6. A group of students were asked whether they like basketball, softball, or both. If 456
like basketball, 384 like softball, and 252 like both games, how many students were
there?
= 456 + 384 – 252 = 588 students
7. A survey of 100 fourth year high school students revealed that 42 like Mathematics, 62
like Filipino, 44 like History, 22 like both Mathematics and History, 25 like both
Mathematics and Filipino, 17 like Filipino and History, and 10 like all the three subjects.
How many like (a) Mathematics only; (b) Filipino only; and (c) History only? (d) How
many did not like any of the three subjects?

Math only 42 – (22+25) + 10 = 15 students

Filipino only 62 – (25+17) + 10 = 10 students
History only 44 – (22 + 17) + 10 = 5 students
Did not like any of the three subjects 100 – (42 + 62 + 44 - (22 + 25 + 17) +10 =
26 students

III. Choose the letter of the correct/best answer.

B 1. Which of the following is the mathematical translation of the expression: the square
of the sum of the squares of two numbers?

2. The mathematical translation of the sentence “The product of the sum and difference
of two numbers is the difference of the squares of two numbers.” is:

3. The mathematical translation of the phrase “a number raised to the third power
increased by one” is:

4. Which of the following is the correct translation to an English phrase of the

mathematical expression: ?

a. The sum of two numbers

b. The cube of the sum of two numbers
c. The sum of the cubes of two numbers
d. Two numbers raised to the third power

5. The perimeter (P) of a rectangle is twice of its length (L) and twice of its width (W). If
you are going to translate this mathematically, which of the following should be the
mathematical sentence?

6. Which of the following is true?

7. Which of the following is false?

 d. The set of nice car is not a well-defined set.

8. Let A=

Which of the following is false?

a. C is a proper subset of A
b. C and B have at least one element in common
c. C is a subset of C
d. B is a subset of A

9. Which of the following is false?

10. Which of the following is NOT an empty set?

11. Which of the following is false?

12. Which of the following is false?

13. It is the mathematical analogue of an English noun.

a. equation c. mathematical sentence

b. expression d. equal sign

a. Cartesian product of A and B c. Union of A and B

b. Intersection of A and B d. Difference of A and B

15. Which of the following sets is a null set?

 a. I and II only c. I, II and III
b. I and III only d. II and III only

16. If A is not equal to B, then which of the following is correct?

17. In a mathematical sentence 2ax + by = 6, what particular symbol is pertaining to a

verb?

a. a and b c. x and y
b. 2 and 6 d. =

18. In a mathematical sentence in item number 17, the + sign is called:

a. adverb c. noun
b. connective d. pronoun

19. What property of a relation does the set of ordered pairs (1, 3), (2, 4), (1, 2), (3, 1), (4,
2), (2, 1) belong?

a. transitive c. symmetric
b. equivalence d. reflexive

20. Which of the following is NOT a function?

a. { a, b, c } c. { a, b, d }
b. { a, b, f } d. { a, b, e }

22. If U = { a, e, i, o, u}, A = { a, c, e } and B = { g, o, d }, what is Ac – Bc?

a. { a } c. { e }
b. { i } d. { o }

23. If A = {a, b}, what is A x A?

a. { a, b} c. { (a, b), (b, a), (a,a) }

 b. { (a,a), (b,b)} d. { (a,a), (b,b), (a, b), (b,a)}

24. How many subsets are there in a given set A = { j, h, u, n }?

a. 16 c. 8
b. 4 d. 1

25. What is the intersection of a two sets A = {a, b, c} and B = {1, 2, 3}?

a. x = 0 and y = 5 c. x = 1 and y = 3
b. x = 1; -1 and y = 5 d. x = -1, 0 and y = 5

28. What is the value of x and y in a given two equal ordered pair below (2x + 1, 3y + 4)
= (-4x - 2, 5 - 2y)?

a. x = -2 ; y = -5 c. x = 2; y = 5
b. x = 1/5; y = 1/2 d. x= -1/2; y = 1/5

29. A group of students were asked whether they like Mathematics, English, or both. If
256 like Mathematics, 184 like English, and 120 like both subjects, how many students
were there?

a. 520 c. 320
b. 420 d. 220
 a. (2, 2), (2, 6) c. (2, 6), (3, 2), (3, 6)
b. (3, 2), (3, 6) d. (2, 6), (3, 6)

31. If (2a + b, a – b) = (8, 3), what should be the values of a and b?

a. a=11/3 and b= 2/3 c. a = 2/3 and b = 11/3

b. a= 3/11 and b=3/2 d. a=3/2 and b=3/11

32. What is the domain of the relation R given by:

a. {1, 2} c. {1, 2, 3}
b. {7, 5} d. {5, 6, 7}

a. {0, 10, 116} c. {2, 12, 24}

b. {0, -10, -116} d. {-2, -12, -24}

35. Which of the following is NOT be a binary operation?

a. addition of integers c. multiplication of integers

b. subtraction of integers d. division of integers

36. A set is _____________under operation if the operation assigns to every ordered pair
of elements from the set an element of the set.

a. associative c. closed
b. commutative d. binary

a. associative c. closed
b. commutative d. binary

38. A binary operation on a finite set can be represented by a table and this table is called:

a. Polya’s Table c. Frequency Table

b. Cayley’s Table d. Multiplication Table
39. Which of the following is NOT a binary operation?

40. Which of the following is NOT closed in an operation *?

a. 10 c. 12
b. 16 d. -2

a. 28 c. 13
b. 0 d. 54

a. yes c. maybe
b. no d. insufficient information

44. The operation * is defined over the set R (real numbers) by a * b = a + b + 2ab.
What is the identity element under the operation *?

a. 0 c. -1
b. 1 d. 4ab

45 – 49. Refer to a table below:

 a. a c. c
b. b d. d

a. a c. c
b. b d. d

a. a c. c
b. b d. d

48. What is its identity?

a. a c. c
b. b d. d

49. What is the inverse of c?

a. a c. c
b. b d. d

IV. Solve the following problems.

50. Tell and explain whether the operation * is a binary operation or not.

51. Show if it is commutative or not.

52. Show if it is associative or not.

53. Find the identity element, if there is.

54. Find the inverse, if there is.

55 – 60. Problem 2. A binary operation * is defined on the set S = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} by a * b
= a + ab + b. Complete the table below and then answer/solve the following
questions/problems.

55. Is it closed under the operation *? Explain.

56. Evaluate (1 * 3) * (2 * 4).

57. Is (2 * 3) = ( 3 * 2)? Explain or write your solution.

58. Is 2 * (3 * 4) equal to (2 * 3) * 4? Explain or write your solution.

59. Find the identity element, if any.

60. Find the inverse, if any.

-end of problem set-