Shri Vishweshwar Shikshan Prasarak Mandal’s

Vishweshwarayya Abhiyantriki Padvika Mahavidyalaya

Dilip Nagar, Almala Tq. Ausa Dist. Latur - 413556 (M.S.)
Approved AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to MSBTE Mumbai.

A
PROJECT REPORT
ON

“ 11 KV SUBSTATION ”

SUBMITTED BY,

Suraj Sunil Patil (ENR. NO. 1910950080 )

[For Partial Fulfillment of Award of Diploma Program in Electrical

Engineering from M.S.B.T.E. Mumbai.]

Under The Guidance of

Prof. Made S.S.

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 Shri Vishweshwar Shikshan Prasarak Mandal’s
Vishweshwarayya Abhiyantriki Padvika Mahavidyalaya
Dilip Nagar, Almala Tq. Ausa Dist. Latur - 413556 (M.S.)
Approved AICTE New Delhi, Affiliated to MSBTE Mumbai.

Certificate

This is to certify that Suraj Sunil Patil from ELECTRICAL

Engineering (I- scheme) Having. (Enr. No. - 1910950080) of
this institute has successfully completed & submitted Project
Planning Report of Final Year Having Title “ 11 KV SUBSTATION
“ by individually Consisting Under the Guidance of the Faculty
Guide.

(Prof. Made S.S.) (Prof. Made S.S.)

Guide H.O.D.

(Prof. Dharashive P.S.)

PRINCIPAL

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I hereby take this opportunity to express my profound thanks & deep sense of
gratitude towards my guide Prof. Made S.S. Department of Electrical Engineering. They
gave me a precious time from his busy schedule & his valuable guidance has been a
constant encouragement.

I would also like to thank Prof. Dharshive P. S., Principal, Prof. Made S.S.
Head of the Department of Electrical Engineering & staff of the Department of Electrical
Engineering whose constant encouragement & expert guidance was instrumental in the
completion of this Project.

Let me, at the end, express gratitude to all those from whom I received co-
operation, help & motivation during Project work.

Suraj Sunil Patil (ENR. NO 1910950080 )

.
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 INDEX
Chapter
Contents Page No.
No.
01 Introduction 05
02 Necessity of 11 kv Substation 06
03 Single line daigram of Substation 07
04 Functions of 11 kv Substation 08
Advantages & Disadvantages of 11 kv
05 17
Substation
06 Applications 18
07 Refrence 19

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 11 KV SUBSTATION

Introduction

Pole mounted substation is used for the low voltage power distribution. It generally
supplies the electrical power supply to the domestic consumers. It steps up the voltage from three
phase three wire 11KV into three phase four wire 400V and single phase 230V power supply.
The main advantage of this substation is it provides output in both three phase and single phase.
So it can be used to provide power supply to both the single phase and three phase consumer.

All the equipment and transformer are placed on the pole. The 11 KV incoming lines are
connected to the transformer through the gang isolator and HT fuses. A triple pole mechanically
operated gang isolator switch is used. When the transformer needs to disconnect from the power
supply the isolator can be operated from the downside handle.

Also, the lightning arrester is connected at the High voltage side that will protect the
transformer and its output circuit from the lightning stroke. An Oil Circuit Breaker(O.C.B) is
installed on the Low voltage side of the transformer that will disconnect the output load or
consumer automatically when any fault occurs. During the maintenance or repairing of the
transformer, both of the high voltage side isolator and low voltage side circuit breaker should be
turned off so the transformer will be completely disconnected or be isolated from the incoming
power supply and consumers. The installation and maintenance cost of the pole-mounted
substation is very low compared to other substations because it has low capacity equipment and
structure.

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Necessity of 11 KV Substation

Pole mounted substation is used for the low voltage power distribution. It generally
supplies the electrical power supply to the domestic consumers. It steps up the voltage from three
phase three wire 11KV into three phase four wire 400V and single phase 230V power supply.

To improve quality (voltage profile)of electric supply and reduce losses in the system in
which 11kv line from 33/11kv S/S are extended up to nearer to the load center as possible and
small size of transformer ranging from 10kva to 100kva etc. depend upon requirement can be
installed to supply power to consumer.

Improved voltage regulation at consumer end due to lower voltage drop resulting less loading
and shorter length so voltage fluctuation is less

Lower technical losses due to reduction of LT lines

Loss due to theft /tapping can be reduced in smaller length of LT lines.

Maintenance cost of these substations is low

This type of substation is erected in very thickly populated area

These substations requires minimum land so this lowers the incidence of land dispute

Speed of construction of such substation is high.

It is cheapest substation since no civil work is required in such substation.

Fault on any single DT will cause an outage for a limited number of consumers connected to it
leading to improved availability of power supply to the other consumer in the area.

The purpose of a substation is to ‘step down’ high voltage electricity from the transmission
system to lower voltage electricity so it can be easily supplied to homes and businesses in the
area through lower voltage distribution lines.

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Single line diagram of 11 kv Substation

Single Line Diagram (SLD) The single line diagram (SLD) is the most basic of the set of
diagrams that are used to document the electrical functionality of the substation. Its emphasis is
on communicating the functions of the power equipment and the associated protection and
control system.

Pole Mounted Substation is an outdoor step-down distribution substation that is placed on an

overhead pole. It is the cheapest, smallest and simplest substation. This type of substation does
not have any building works. The transformer is mounted on an H-Type pole or Four Pole
Structure.

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Functions of pole mounted substation

Three phase Distribution Transformer

Lightning Arrestor

Drop out fuse

Air break switch (AB switch)

Insulators PT

Distribution box

Metering Current transformer (CT)

Metering voltage transformer

Anti Climbing Devices

Cross Bracing

Danger Name Plate

Three phase Distribution Transformer :-

Its function is to step down incoming voltage to distribution voltage (3-ph, 400 V). Its
primary winding is delta connected and secondary is star connected. It is oil cooled and rating is
in KVA e.g. 63KVA, 100KVA, 163KVA,200 KVA and 315 KVA etc It is either pole
mounted/plinth mounted now a day’s dry types transformer are used when DTC are installed
indoor.

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Lightning Arrester

It is provided at the top of the DP structure and used for protection of substation
transformer against lightning stroke .It is connected in between line and ground at the starting
point of substation. Under normal condition it acts as an insulator. A total of three lightning
arrestors is provided.

Drop out fuse

It is also Called Horn Gap Fuse. It is a fuse wire covered with pipe. It is on H.T side. of
transformer and Its function is to protect distribution transformer from over current or overload
and short Circuit Current.. [It’s name is drop down fuse because when fuse element melts due to
over current that time one end of covering pipe drop down & other end of pipe remains hanging,
so we can judge that fuse is blown out from ground level.]

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11
Air Break Switch

Gang operated switches or GO switches, as they are commonly called, are switching
devices used in overhead power lines. They are called Gang Operated as they are operated in a
Gang, all three switches together, using a single mechanism.

The gang operated switches are also called Air Break Switches because air is used as the
breaking medium. These are normally installed at the pole mounted distribution substation

Its function is to make or break incoming line from distribution transformer whenever required.
(E.g. at the time of maintenance) OR to isolate the transformer from HT line, so that the HT fuse
replacement could be carried out for the restoration of supply.

They can be mounted vertically or horizontally, and It is operated manually from ground level by
GOD handle.

Horizontal break type normally occupies more space than the vertical break type

.
Insulator
Insulator The main function of an insulator is to insulate live conductor or equipment at
different voltages with reference to the ground structures OR Metallic Structure as well as
provide mechanical support.

Provision of adequate insulation in a substation is of primary importance from the point

of view of reliability of supply and safety of personnel.
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There are 3 types of porcelain insulators used on Pole Mounted Substation.

Pin type insulator :-

As the name suggests, the pin type insulator is mounted on a pin on the cross arm on the pole.
There is a groove on the upper end of the insulator. The conductor passes through this groove
and is tied to the insulator with annealed wire of the same material as the conductor. Pin type
insulators are used for transmission and distribution of electric power at voltages up to
33kv )beyond operating voltage of 33kv;, the pin type insulators become too bulky and hence
uneconomical

The pin type insulators are generally used for straight stretch of line. The insulator and its pin
should be mechanically strong enough to withstand the resultant force due to combined effect of
wind pressure and weight of the conductor in the span.

Strain type :-

When there is a dead end of the line or there is corner or sharp curve, the ine is subjected to
greater tension. In order to relieve the line of excessive tension, strain insulators are used. For
low voltage lines (< 11 kV), shackle insulators are used as strain insulators. However, for high
voltage transmission lines, strain insulator consists of an assembly of suspension insulators.

The strain insulators are used at terminal locations or dead-end locations and at places where the
angle of deviation of line is more than 10°.

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14
Shackle type :-

The shackle insulators are used in low voltage distribution lines (LT lines). They are also
called spool insulators. These insulators are used to isolate the live conductor from pole and are
mounted in every pole of electrical line

The insulators will be installed on three-phase, 433 volts AC & 50 Hz system in which the
neutral is effectively grounded. The insulators shall be designed to work continuously at a
voltage 10% in excess of the normal rated voltage.

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Distribution box :-

L.T. Distribution Box should be designed to have maximum utilization of transformer

capacity and shall be well equipped with adequate protection to transformer and feeder against
overload and short circuit and minimum interruption in power supply.

These Distribution Boxes are meant for control and protection of Distribution Transformer and
Feeder with required technical parameters as under following Table Each distribution box shall
have one triple pole Isolator (Switch Disconnector),

3 HRC Fuse of suitable capacity shall be provided in between outgoing terminal of Switch
Disconnector (Isolator) and incoming busbar

The HRC Fuse Links shall be sturdy in construction of “Din Type”. Breaking Capacity shall be
80 kA. For fault indication red pop up indicator should come out instantly on fusing.
Manufacturer’s name, current rating, breaking capacity and type shall be marked on HRC fuse
link. HRC Fuse link Current rating for 63/100 KVA distribution box shall be as follows: 63
KVA - 100 A 7. 100 KVA - 160 A

In the outgoing circuit, 6 nos of kitkats of rating 63 A for 63 KVA Box and 100 A for 100 KVA
in each distribution box shall be provided

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Metering Current Transformer :-

The metering CT measure and records the current when their secondary terminal is
connected to the metering equipment pane OR CT’s, , are used in metering to step down current
to safer and more manageable levels. It is placed in LT metering Box. LT metering box will be
placed at the bottom of the structure.

A bulky high capacity CT installed in the series measuring (Tri-Vector) meter. This CT first
step down the high current to the feasible level then the other CT present inside the meter step
down the current even more, so that it can be measured easily LT CTs shall be of the following
type and ratings:

Metering Voltage Transformer :-

Potential transformer is a voltage step-down transformer which reduces the voltage of a high
voltage circuit to a lower level for the purpose of measurement. These are connected across or
parallel to the line which is to be monitored.

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Anti Climbing Devices :-

Anti-climbing Devices In order to prevent unauthorised persons from climbing any of the
supports of HT and LT lines without the aid of a ladder or special appliances, certain anti-
climbing devices are provided to the supports.

Two methods generally adopted are: (i) barbed wire binding, for a distance of 30 cm to 40 cm at
a height of 3.5 m to 4 m from ground level, (ii) clamps with protruding spikes at a height of 3 m
to 4 m.

Cross Bracing :-

It is used to support D.P structure. cross bracing is a system utilized to reinforce

building structures in which diagonal supports intersect. Cross bracing is usually seen
with two diagonal supports placed in an X-shaped manner. Under lateral force (such as
wind or seismic activity) one brace will be under tension while the other is
being compressed. In steel construction, steel cables may be used due to their great
resistance to tension (although they cannot take any load in compression). The
common uses for cross bracing include bridge (side) supports, along with structural
foundations. This method of construction maximizes the weight of the load a structure
is able to support. It is a usual application when constructing earthquake-safe buildings.

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Danger Name Plate :-

Two sizes of Danger Notice Plates as follows are recommended: a) For display at 415 V
installations - 200x150mm b) For display at 11 KV (or higher voltages) installations -
250x200mm
The corners of the plate shall be rounded off.
Under Rule No. 35 of Indian Electricity Rules, 2003, the owner of every medium, high and extra
high voltage installation is required to affix permanently in a conspicuous position a danger
notice in Hindi or English and, in addition, in the local language, with the sign of skull and
bones.
Adequate space has been provided in the specimen danger notice plates for having the letterings
in local language for the equivalent of' Danger',' 415' '11000' and 'Volts'.
The plate shall be made from mild steel sheet of at least 1.6mm thick and vitreous enameled
white, with letters, figures and the conventional skull and cross-bones in signal red colour (refer
IS:5-1978) on the front side. The rear side of the plate shall also be enamelled.

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Advantages of 11 KV Substation :-

(1) All the equipment is within view and therefore fault location is easier.
(2) The extension of the installation is easier if required.
(3) The time required in erection of such substations is lesslesse.
(4) The smaller amount of building materials (steel concrete) is required.

There is practically no danger of a fault which appears at one point being carried over to
another point in the installation because the apparatus of the adjoining connections can be spaced
liberally, without any appreciable increase in costs. Disadvantages The disadvantages of outdoor
installations are comparison of indoor installations are:
i. The various switching operations with the isolators, as well as supervision and m maintenance
of the apparatus is to be performed in the open air during all kinds of weather.
ii. More space is required for the substation.
iii. The influence of rapid fluctuation in ambient temperature ad dust and dirt deposits upon the
outdoor substation equipment makes it necessary to install apparatus specially designed for
outdoor service and, therefore, more costly.
Not-withstanding the disadvantages, outdoor substations are very widely used in power system.

Disadvantages of 11 KV Substation :-

 More space is required for the outdoor substations.

 Protection devices are required to be installed for the protection against lightning surges.
 The length of the control cables increases which increase the cost of the substation.
 Equipment designed for outdoor substation are more costly because outdoor door substation
equipment required additional protection from the dirt and dust.

In spite of the disadvantage, outdoor substations are very widely used in the power system.

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Applications of 11 KV Substation :-

The purpose of a substation is to ‘step down’ high voltage electricity from the transmission
system to lower voltage electricity so it can be easily supplied to homes and businesses in the
area through lower voltage distribution lines

Conclusion :-

This vocational training has helped me to understand the deep knowledge of the
manufacturing process of the substation as well as they also get much knowledge about electrical
equipment. I have the factual details about the need for a substation in the power system along
with its elements

Structure of 11 KV Substation :-

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Refrence of 11 KV Substation :-

Pole-mounted substation is designed for electric power reception of three-phase alternating

current, frequency of 50 Hz with the highest operational voltage up to 12 kV (rated operational
voltage of 6 or 10 kV), transformation of electric power to a voltage of 0,4 kV in the system with
deadly earthed neutral.

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