Keystone School of Engineering, Pune

Department of Computer Engineering

Computer Networks
Unit 1

Presented by
Prof.Trupti Suryawanshi
 Agenda
•NetworkArchitectures

KEYSTONE SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING,HADPSAR,PUNE
 NETWORK CLASSIFICATION BYTHEIR
COMPONENT ROLE

LOCAL AREANETWORK

PEER TO PEERNETWORK CLIENT SERVER NETWORK

Software Defined Network (SDN)

KEYSTONE SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING,HADPSAR,PUNE
 PEER TO PEER NETWORK
Apeer-to-peer network is a distributed network architecture composed of participants that make a
portion of their resources, such as processing power, disk storage or network bandwidth directly to
network participants without the need for central coordination instances.
Used largely for sharing of content files such as audio, video, data or anything in a digital
format.
There are manyp2p protocols such asAres, Bittorrent, or eDonkey.
Can be very large
Can also be used for business solutions for relatively small companies that may not have resources
availableto implement aserver solution.
Peer to peer network is useful for asmall network containing less than 10 computers on asingle
LAN.
Inpeer to peer network each computer can function asboth client and server.
Peer to peer networks do not haveacentral control system.There are no servers in peer networks.
Peer networks are amplified into home group.
KEYSTONE SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING,HADPSAR,PUNE
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF PEER TO
PEER NETWORK
Advantages: Disadvantages:
 Use less expensive computer  Not very secure
hardware  No central point of storage
 Easy toadminister or file archiving
 User can control the sharing  Additional load on computer
resources because of resource sharing
 More built in redundancy  Hard to maintain version
control
 Easy setup &lowcost
KEYSTONE SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING,HADPSAR,PUNE
 KEYSTONE SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING,HADPSAR,PUNE
 CLIENT/SERVER NETWORK
In client-server network relationships, certain computers act as server and other act
as clients. A server is simply a computer, that available the network resources and
provides service to other computers when they request it. A client is the computer
running aprogram that requests the service from aserver.
Local area network(LAN) isbased on client server network relationship.
Aclient-server network is one n which all available network resources such as files,
directories, applications and shared devices, are centrally managed and hosted and
then are accessed by client.
Client serve network are defined by the presence of servers on a network that
provide security and administration of the network.

KEYSTONE SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING,HADPSAR,PUNE
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF CLIENT-SERVER NETWORK
Advantages: Disadvantages:
 Very secure  requires professional
administration
 Better performance
 More hardware-intensive
 Centralized backup
 More software intensive
 very reliable
 Expensive dedicated software

KEYSTONE SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING,HADPSAR,PUNE
TYPES OF SERVERS

KEYSTONE SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING,HADPSAR,PUNE
 TYPES OF SERVERS
File server: These servers provide the services for storing, retrieving and moving the
data. A user can read, write, exchange and manage the files with the help of file
servers.
Printer server:The printer server is used for controlling and managing printing on the
network. It also offers the faxservice to the network users.
Application server: The expensive software and additional computing power can
be shared bythe computers in anetwork with he help of application servers.
Message server: It is used to co-ordinate the interaction between users, documents
and applications.The data can be used in the for of audio, video, binary, text or graphics.
Database server: It is a type of application server. It allows the uses to access the
centralised strong database.
KEYSTONE SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING,HADPSAR,PUNE
 Distributed Networks
Arrangement of networked computers in which several processors
(the CPUs) are located on scattered machines, but are capable of
working both independently and jointly as required.
The key elements of Distributed Network Architecture are, as the
name implies, the distribution of decision-making and control out
to each site, while simultaneously, networking and synchronizing
the various sites together via a central hub.
Distributed networking is adistributed computing network
system, said to be distributed when the computer programming
and the data to be worked on are spread out across more than one
computer. Usually, thisKEYSTONE
is implemented
SCHOOL OF over acomputernetwork.
ENGINEERING,HADPSAR,PUNE
Benefits of Distributed Network Architecture
Scalability: Enterprise solutions that rely on a single Enterprise
server inevitably suffer from performance issues as the
Enterprise grows and the server is overwhelmed.
Moreover, single server solutions are highly susceptible to
network failures.
Cost: Servers and software at each local site can be
appropriately sized to meet the specific needs of each site,
without requiring installing an expensive server at even the
smallest sites.
Reliability: Distributed Network Architecture is much more
tolerant of network and hardware failures than a single server
approach. KEYSTONE SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING,HADPSAR,PUNE
SDN- Software Defined
Network

KEYSTONE SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING,HADPSAR,PUNE
SDN Architecture

KEYSTONE SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING,HADPSAR,PUNE
 Need /Goal of SDN
The goal of SDN is to allow network engineers and administrators to
respond quickly to changing business requirements. In a software-
defined network, a network administrator can shape traffic from a
centralized control console without having to touch individual
switches, and can deliver services to wherever they are needed in
the network, without regard to what specific devices aserver or
other hardware components are connected to.The key
technologies for SDN implementation are functional separation,
network virtualization and automation through programmability.
KEYSTONE SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING,HADPSAR,PUNE
 SDN Concept
Software-defined networking (SDN) is an approach to computer
networking that allows network administrators to manage network
services through abstraction of higher-level functionality.
This is done by decoupling the system that makes decisions about
where traffic is sent (the control plane) from the underlying
systems that forward traffic to the selected destination (the data
plane).

SDN requires some method for the control plane to communicate with
the data plane. One such mechanism is OpenFlow.
KEYSTONE SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING,HADPSAR,PUNE
 SDN Concept
Separate Control plane and Data plane entities

• Network intelligence and state are logically centralized

• The underlying network infrastructure is abstracted from the applications

Execute or run Control plane software on general purpose hardware

• Decouple from specific networking hardware

• Use commodity servers

Have programmable data planes

• Maintain, control and program data plane state from acentral entity

Anarchitecture to control not just anetworking deviceSCHOOL

KEYSTONE but anOF
entire network
ENGINEERING,HADPSAR,PUNE
 SDN Benefits
Dynamic , Manageable ,cost-effective, adaptable

Directly programmable

Agile: administrators dynamically adjust network-wide traffic flow to meet changing needs.

Centrally managed

Programmatically configured: SDN lets network managers configure, manage, secure, and
optimize network resources very quickly via dynamic, automated SDN programs

Open standards-based and vendor-neutral

KEYSTONE SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING,HADPSAR,PUNE
THANK YOU…