Scribd
Upload
89 views4 pages

Orifice and Jet Flow

This document describes an experiment on orifice and jet flow. The objectives are to study flow through a small orifice discharging into the atmosphere, and to calculate the coefficient of discharge, coefficient of velocity, and coefficient of contraction. It lists the required equipment and provides the theory behind orifice flow, explaining that the actual discharge and velocity are less than theoretical values due to energy losses and flow contraction at the orifice. The procedure measures flow rate from the orifice using a stopwatch and tank. Results include orifice parameters and readings. Discussion questions examine reasons for differences between actual and theoretical flow, the meaning of the coefficient of contraction, sources of error, and the effect of water height on

Uploaded by

Tiee Tiee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
89 views4 pages

Orifice and Jet Flow

This document describes an experiment on orifice and jet flow. The objectives are to study flow through a small orifice discharging into the atmosphere, and to calculate the coefficient of discharge, coefficient of velocity, and coefficient of contraction. It lists the required equipment and provides the theory behind orifice flow, explaining that the actual discharge and velocity are less than theoretical values due to energy losses and flow contraction at the orifice. The procedure measures flow rate from the orifice using a stopwatch and tank. Results include orifice parameters and readings. Discussion questions examine reasons for differences between actual and theoretical flow, the meaning of the coefficient of contraction, sources of error, and the effect of water height on

Uploaded by

Tiee Tiee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Fluid Mechanic (Prac) By: Kawar Abid

Orifice and Jet Flow


Objective:
 Studying the flow through small orifice discharging to atmosphere.

 Calculating the coefficient of discharge (Cd).

 Calculating the coefficient of velocity (Cv).

 Calculating the coefficient of contraction (Cc)

Introduction

 An Orifice is an opening in the side or base of tank or reservoir


through which fluid is discharge in the form of a jet.

 The discharge will depend upon the head of the fluid (H) above the level of
the orifice.

 The term small orifice means that the diameter of the orifice is small
compared with the head producing flow.

List of Equipment

1. Basic hydraulic bench

2. Osborne Reynolds’ Demonstration Apparatus

3. Hydrostatic pressure apparatus

4. Bernoulli’s Demonstration apparatus

5. Dead weight calibrator

6. Orifice and free jet flow apparatus

7. Orifice discharge apparatus

8. Free and Forced vortices apparatus

9. Compressible flow bench

2
Fluid Mechanic (Prac) By: Kawar Abid

Theory:

o Two reasons for the difference between theoretical and actual discharge.

o First: The velocity of jet is less than the velocity calculated because there is losses of energy
between point A and B.

Vactual  Cv .Vtheo.  Cv 2gH


,Cv is the coefficient of velocity

o Second: The stream line of the orifice contract reducing the area of flow. (Vena
Contraction)

Aactual  Cc .A
Where. Cc is the coeffic ient of contraction.

Qactual  Cv .Cc .A 2gH

Qactual  Cd A 2gH

3
Fluid Mechanic (Prac) By: Kawar Abid

Procedure:
1. Install the required orifice
2. adjust the overflow pipe to obtain a required level in the tank
3. Open the water supply valve to obtain a steady flow with minimum overflow
4. wait until the level in the tank and jet profile is stable before adjusting the probes tips
to be in-line with the center of the jet and record the probe tip profile as well as the Y =
0 mark
5. Record the flow volume by using the stopwatch and bench-measuring tank.

Data & Results:

Table 1 : Parameters of the apparatus and some reading from the experiment

Water level, H 379 (mm)

Volume, Lt 5

Time, s 16.44

Flow rate, QA = volume/time 0.30414 * 10-3 (m3/s)


Diameter of orifice, m 0.013
2
Area (m ) 0.000133
Diameter of Vena 0.01

Discussion

- Discuss why the actual flow rate is different from the theoretical one ?
- The coefficient of contraction indicates what? Mathematically express it.
- There was a differences between the calculated ( theoretical) and measured (experimental)
due to the human error during experiment for many factors, mention them.
- What is the effect of the water height H on the jet trajectory path.

4
Fluid Mechanic (Prac) By: Kawar
Abid

You might also like