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Flow Control Protocols

There are various flow control protocols, including stop and wait protocol. Stop and wait protocol is the simplest flow control protocol that works by having the sender send a data packet and wait for an acknowledgement before sending the next packet. It is inefficient because it does not fully utilize bandwidth, and if a packet or acknowledgement is lost, the sender and receiver will wait indefinitely. While simple, it is slow and performs better for short distance LANs than long distance WANs.

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Sandeep shah
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40 views

Flow Control Protocols

There are various flow control protocols, including stop and wait protocol. Stop and wait protocol is the simplest flow control protocol that works by having the sender send a data packet and wait for an acknowledgement before sending the next packet. It is inefficient because it does not fully utilize bandwidth, and if a packet or acknowledgement is lost, the sender and receiver will wait indefinitely. While simple, it is slow and performs better for short distance LANs than long distance WANs.

Uploaded by

Sandeep shah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Flow Control Protocols-

 
There are various flow control protocols which are classified as-
 

 
In this article, we will discuss about stop and wait protocol.
 
Stop and Wait Protocol-

Stop and Wait Protocol is the simplest flow control protocol.

 It works under the following assumptions-


 Communication channel is perfect.
 No error occurs during transmission.
 
Working-
 The working of a stop and wait protocol may be explained as-
 Sender sends a data packet to the receiver.
 Sender stops and waits for the acknowledgement for the sent packet from the
receiver.
 Receiver receives and processes the data packet.
 Receiver sends an acknowledgement to the sender.
 After receiving the acknowledgement, sender sends the next data packet to the
receiver.
 
These steps are illustrated below-
 

 
Analysis-
 Now, let us analyze in depth how the transmission is actually carried out-
 Sender puts the data packet on the transmission link.
 Data packet propagates towards the receiver’s end.
 Data packet reaches the receiver and waits in its buffer.
 Receiver processes the data packet.
 Receiver puts the acknowledgement on the transmission link.
 Acknowledgement propagates towards the sender’s end.
 Acknowledgement reaches the sender and waits in its buffer.
 Sender processes the acknowledgement.
 
These steps are illustrated below-

 
 Throughput-
 Number of bits that can be sent through the channel per second is called as its
throughput.

 
 
Round Trip Time-

 Round Trip Time = 2 x Propagation delay

 
Advantages-
 The advantages of stop and wait protocol are-
 It is very simple to implement.
 The incoming packet from receiver is always an acknowledgement.
 
Limitations-
 The limitations of stop and wait protocol are-
 Point-01:
 It is extremely inefficient because-
 It makes the transmission process extremely slow.
 It does not use the bandwidth entirely as each single packet and acknowledgement
uses the entire time to traverse the link.
 
Point-02:
 If the data packet sent by the sender gets lost, then-
 Sender will keep waiting for the acknowledgement for infinite time.
 Receiver will keep waiting for the data packet for infinite time.
 
Point-03:
 If acknowledgement sent by the receiver gets lost, then-
 Sender will keep waiting for the acknowledgement for infinite time.
 Receiver will keep waiting for another data packet for infinite time.
 Important Notes-
 Note-01:
 Efficiency may also be referred by the following names-
 Line Utilization
 Link Utilization
 Sender Utilization
 Utilization of Sender
 
Note-02:
 Throughput may also be referred by the following names-
 Bandwidth Utilization
 Effective Bandwidth
 Maximum data rate possible
 Maximum achievable throughput
 
Note-03:
 Stop and Wait protocol performs better for LANs than WANs.
This is because-
 Efficiency of the protocol is inversely proportional to the distance between sender and
receiver.
 So, the protocol performs better where the distance between sender and receiver is
less.
 The distance is less in LANs as compared to WANs.
 

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