Saint Mary’s University_Criminology Review Center 1

Subject: Police Organization & Administration

Review Notes in 2. Norman Period

POLICE ORGANIZATION AND a. Shire Reeve System- England was
ADMINISTRATION divided into 55 military districts known as
shire-reeve. Shire was the district while
Police Organization - a structured group of reeve was the ruler. It was the forerunner
trained personnel dealt with achieving the goal of of the word sheriff.
protecting life and property, ensuring public safety b. Traveling judge- responsible in hearing
and maintaining peace and order. cases taken from the shire reeve due to
Police Administration- Police in action. The some abuses. It was the forerunner of
cooperative human effort to achieve the purposes circuit trial court judge.
of the Criminal Justice System. c. Legis Henrie (Henry)- a law enacted
which classified offenses against the king
Etymology of the Word Police – and the individuals, made policemen public
 The word police originated from the Greek officials, empowered police and citizens to
word “politeia” which means government of conduct arrest and assigned grand jury to
a city or civil organization and the state. The inquire on facts of law.
term used to describe a group of civil officers d. Magna Carta- document sealed by King
governing the city. John of England that became law upon the
 When the Romans conquered the Greeks, demand of the knights of the round table
they changed the word slightly to “politia”. which stated that no freeman shall be
During the reign of the French, they changed imprisoned except by legal judgment, no
the word to “police” and used it to describe person shall be tried of murder unless
authorized people who actually enforce the there is proof of the body of the victim and
law. The English and Americans borrowed the that there shall be a national and local
word from the French and used it to describe government and legislation.
a law enforcement officer.
Fundamental Theories of Police Service
Evolution of Policing
The idea of policing originated from the use of a. Continental Theory – Police officers are
military bodies as guardians of peace in ancient considered servants of the higher
Rome known as Praetorian Guards. authorities and the people have little or no
share at all in their duties, nor any direct
1. Anglo-Saxon Period (Ancient England) connection with them. This theory prevails
a. Frankpledge (mutual pledge)- under this among continental countries, like France,
system, every male over 12 years old join Italy, Spain, where the governmental
9 of his neighbor to form a tithingmen who structure follows the centralized pattern.
are tasked to apprehend any person who b. Home-Rule Theory – Police officers are
offends another and delivers him for trial. considered as servants of the community
b. Tun Policing- tun was the forerunner of who depend for the effectiveness of their
the word town in which all male residents functions upon the express wishes of the
were required to guard the town to people. In this theory, police officers are
preserve peace. civil employees whose primary duty is the
c. Hue and cry- a system of apprehending preservation of public peace and security.
criminals whereby a complainant goes to This is practiced in England and in United
the middle of the community and shouts States of America, where the
to call all male residents to assemble and governmental structure is decentralized.
arrest the suspect.
d. Royal judge- started the identification of
criminals through criminal investigation Concepts of Police Service
and giving punishment.
e. Trial by ordeal- a system of determining a. Old Concept – police service is looked
guilt of a suspect by undergoing an ordeal upon the police as merely as repressive
such as placing his hand in boiling water, machinery. This old philosophy means
not having been hurt means that he is throwing more people in jail rather than
innocent, otherwise, he is guilty. keeping them out of jail. Under this
concept, punishment is the sole

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 Saint Mary’s University_Criminology Review Center 2
Subject: Police Organization & Administration

instrument of crime control. The yardstick c. Commanding Officer – an officer who is

of efficiency of the police is more arrest. in command of the department, a bureau,
a division, an area or a district
b. Modern Concept – police service d. Ranking Officer – the officer who has the
considers the police as an organ of crime more senior rank / higher rank in a team
prevention. Police service today has or group.
broadened its activities to include certain e. Length of Service – the period of time
aspects of social service and has for its that has elapsed since the oath of office
objective the welfare of the individual as was administered. Previous active
well as that of the society. Under this services may be included or added.
philosophy, the yardstick of efficiency of f. On duty – the period when an officer is
the police. actively engaged in the performance of
his duty.
g. Off Duty – the nature of which the police
Organizational Titles and Terminologies officer is free from specific routine duty.
h. Special Duty – the police service, its
1. Functional Units nature, which requires that the officer be
a. Bureau – the largest organic functional excused from the performance of his
unit within a large department. It active regular duty.
comprises a number of divisions. i. Leave of Absence – period, which an
b. Division – a primary subdivision of a officer is excused from active duty by any
bureau valid / acceptable reason, approved by
c. Section – functional unit within a division higher authorities.
that is necessary for specialization j. Sick Leave – period which an officer is
d. Unit – functional group within a section, excused from active duty by reason of
or the smallest functional group within an illness or injury.
organization. k. Suspension – a consequence of an act
which temporarily deprives an officer from
2. Territorial Units privilege of performing his duties as result
a. Post – a fixed point or location to which of violating directives or other department
an officer is assigned for duty, such as a regulations.
designated desk or office or an l. Department Rules - rules established by
intersection or crosswalk from traffic duty. department directors/supervisors to
It is a spot location for general guard duty. control the conduct of the members of the
b. Route – a length of streets designated for police force.
patrol purposes. It also called LINE BEAT. m. Duty Manual – describes the procedures
c. Beat – An area assigned for patrol and defines the duties of officers assigned
purposes, whether foot or motorized to specified post or position
d. Sector – An area containing two or more n. Order – an instruction given by ranking
beats, routes or posts. officer to a subordinate
e. District – a geographical subdivision of a o. Report – usually written communication
city for patrol purposes, usually with its unless otherwise specifies to be verbal
own station. reports; verbal reports should be
f. Area – a section or territorial division of a confirmed by written communications.
large city each comprised of designated
districts. Types of Police Organizational Structures:

3. Other Terminologies a. Line Organization – The straight line

a. Sworn Officer – all personnel of the organization, often called the individual,
police department who have oath and military or departmental type of
who possess the power to arrest. organization, is the simplest and perhaps
b. Superior Officer – one having the oldest type; but it is seldom
supervisory responsibilities, either encountered in its channels of authority
temporarily or permanently, over officers and responsibility extends in a direct line
of lower rank. from top to bottom within the structures,
authority is definite and absolute.

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 Saint Mary’s University_Criminology Review Center 3
Subject: Police Organization & Administration

b. Functional Organization – The 2. HEIRARCHY OF AUTHORITY - Hierarchy

functional organization in its pure form is represents the formal relationship among
rarely found in present day organization, superiors and subordinates in any given
except at or near the top of the very large organization. It can be visualized as a ladder
organization. Unlike the line type of with each rung representing a higher or lower
structure, those establishments organized level of authority. Authority is the right to
on a functional basis violate the prime rule command or control the behavior of
that men perform best when they have employees in lower positions within an
but one superior. The functional organizational hierarchy
responsibility of each “functional manger”
is limited to the particular activity over 3. SPAN OF CONTROL - Span of control is the
which he has control, regardless of who maximum number of subordinates at a given
performs the function. position that superior can supervise
effectively.
c. Line and Staff Organization – Is a
combination of the line and functional 4. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY - Delegation
types. It combines staff specialists such is the conferring o an amount of authority by a
as the criminalist, the training officer, the superior position onto a lower-level position.
research and development specialist etc. The person to whom authority is delegated
Channels of responsibility is to “think and becomes responsible to the superior for doing
provide expertise” for the line units. The the assigned job.
line supervisor must remember that he
obtains advice from the staff specialists. 5. UNITY OF COMMAND - It means that each
employee should have only one supervisor or
“boss”.
Classification of Line Staff and Auxiliary
Functions
Principles of Police Organization
 Line functions – are the backbone of the
police department which include patrol, 1. Principle of Unity of Objectives – an
investigation and traffic control which is organization is effective if it enables the
performed by “line members” including patrol individuals to contribute to the organization’s
officer, sergeant and the chief of police. objectives.
 Staff functions – are those operations 2. Principle of Organizational Efficiency –
assigned to support the line functions, staff Organization efficiency is effective if it is
members are necessarily advisors who are structured in such a way to aid the
typically assigned to planning, research, legal accomplishment of the organization’s
advice and budgeting. Staff members are objectives with a minimum cost.
often civilians with specialized training. The 3. Scalar Principle – shows the vertical
main function is to study police policies and hierarchy of the organization which defines an
practices and to offer proposals to the chief unbroken chain of units from top to bottom
executive of the department. describing explicitly the flow of authority.
 Auxiliary functions – involve the logistical 4. Functional Principle – refers to division of
operations of the department including work according to type, place, time and
training, communications, jailing, specialization
maintenance, record keeping and similar 5. Line and Staff – implies that a system of
operations. varied functions arrange into a workable
pattern. The line organization is responsible
Elements of the Organization for the direct accomplishment of the
objectives while the staff is responsible for
1. SPECIALIZATION - The assignment of support, advisory and facilitates capacity.
particular workers to particular tasks. Thus, it 6. Principle of Balance – states the application
can be thought of in terms of either jobs or of principles must be balanced to ensure the
people. effectiveness of the structure in meeting
organization’s objectives.

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 Saint Mary’s University_Criminology Review Center 4
Subject: Police Organization & Administration

American Occupation
7. Principle of Delegation by result – states
that authority delegated should be adequate - November 30, 1980 – creation of Insular
to ensure the ability to accomplish expected Police Force
results. - July 18, 1901 – creation of Insular
8. Principle of absoluteness of responsibility Constabulary by Virtue of Act # 175
– explains that the responsibility of the - July 31, 1901 – Manila Police Department
subordinates to their superior for performance was organized by virtue of Act # 183
is absolute and the superior cannot escape - October 3, 1901 – Insular Constabulary was
responsibility for the organization on activities changed to Philippine Constabulary by virtue
performed by their subordinates. of Act # 255
9. Principle of Parity and Responsibility – - January 2, 1942 – first element of the
explains that responsibility for action cannot Japanese Imperial Army entered manila
be greater than that implied by the authority called KEMPETAI. It is on this date that
delegated nor should it be less. Manila Police department was renamed
10. Authority Level Principle – implies that Metropolitan Constabulary under the Bureau
decisions within the authority of the individual of Constabulary
commander should be made by them and not - February 7, 1945 – General Macarthur
be returned upward in the organizational returned to the Philippines and the Battle of
structure. Manila ended. Manila Police Department was
11. Principle of Flexibility – means that more reconstituted.
flexible the organization, the more it can fulfill
its purpose
Important Personalities

EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE POLICE SERVICE 1. William Howard Taft – first civil governor
of the Philippines
Spanish Regime 2. Capt. George Curry - first Chief of
Police of the Manila Police Department
1. The Guardrilleros – This was body of rural 3. Capt. Columbus E. Piatt – last American
police organized in each town and established Chief of Police of Manila Police
by the Royal Decree of January 8, 1836. This Department before the World War II broke
Act provided that 5% of the able-bodied male out
inhabitants of each province were to be 4. Capt. Henry T. Allen – first Chief of
enlisted in this police organization for 3 years. Police of the Philippine Constabulary
2. Carabineros de Seguridad Publica – This 5. Brig. Gen. Rafael Crame – became the
was organized in 1712 for the purpose of first Filipino Chief of Police of the
carrying out the regulations of the department Philippine Constabulary
of state. It was armed with carbines. In 1781, 6. Col. Antonio C. Torres – first Filipino
it was given the special commission of Chief of Police of the Manila Police
government custodian of the tobacco Department when it became an all Filipino
monopoly. By Royal Decree on December 20, police organization
1842, it was organized and called CUERPO 7. Col. Marcus Ellis Jones – first Chief of
DE CARABINEROS DE SEGURIDAD Police of the Manila Police Department
PUBLICA, hence, its duties become police upon the liberation of Manila from the
like and more general. Japanese Imperial Army
3. The Guardia Civil – this was created by a 8. Col. Lamberto T. Jalavera – first Chief of
Royal decree issued by the Crown on Police of Manila Police Department under
February 12, 1852 to partially relieve the the Republican government of then Pres.
Spanish Peninsular troops of their work in Roxas
policing towns.

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 Saint Mary’s University_Criminology Review Center 5
Subject: Police Organization & Administration

Related Laws 2. Deputy Chief of PNP for Administration

3. Deputy Chief of PNP for Operations
1. Republic Act # 4864 (Police Act of 1966) 4. Chief of Directorial Staff - The two deputies
– it was enacted on September 8, 1966 and the chief directorial staff have the rank
which created the Office of Police of Police Deputy Director General with a
Commission which was later called three-star rank.
NAPOLCOM. 5. The ten (10) Staff Directorates
2. Presidential Decree # 765 – it was a. Directorate for Personnel and Records
enacted on August 8, 1975 which created Management - Personnel Plans and
the Integrated National Police and Policies Division; Recruitment and
provides for the NAPOLCOM to be under Placement Division; Personnel
the Office of Ministry of National Defense Transaction Division; Benefit and
3. Republic Act #6040 (Tolentino Law) – Pension Administration Division; Central
empowering the Police Commission to records Center
give appropriate examinations to officers b. Directorate for Human Resource and
and members of police force aimed at Doctrine Development - Individual
professionalizing police services. Training Program Development
4. Republic Act #6975 (DILG Act of 1990) – Division; Unit Training Program
establishing the Philippine National Development Division; General Doctrine
Police. Enacted December 13, 1990 Development Division
which abolished the PC-INP and created c. Directorate for Logistics - Logistical
agencies under the DILG (PNP, BFP, Plans and Programs Division; Supply
BJMP & PPSC). Management Division; Real Property
5. Republic Act #8551 (PNP Reform and management Division
Reorganization Act of 1998) – created on d. Directorate for Research and
February 25, 1998 which provides for the Development - Clothing, Weapons,
reformation and professionalisation of the Transportation and Communications
PNP. Division; Criminalistics Equipment
Division
e. Directorate for Comptrollership - Budget
PNP ORGANIZATIONAL SET-UP Division; Fiscal Division; Accounting
Division; Management Division
 The PNP shall be headed by A Chief, with f. Directorate for Intelligence - Intelligence
a rank of Director General, who shall be Operation Division; Counter-Intelligence
assisted by two Deputy Chiefs: One for and Security Division; Foreign Liaison
Administration, who happens to be the second Division; Intelligence Research Division
in command; and one for Operation who is g. Directorate for Operations - Counter-
third in command with a rank of Deputy intelligence Division; Law Enforcement
Director General. Division; Special Operations Division;
 The head of the Directorial Staff with the Statistics and Reporting Division;
rank of Deputy Director General is known as Operations Center
Chief of the Directorial Staff of the PNP. h. Directorate for Plans - Plans and
 The PNP organizational structure is Programs Division; Organizational
composed of a National Office, Regional Development Division; Special Projects
Offices, Provincial Offices, district Offices, and Development Division
City/municipal offices. i. Directorate for Police Community
Relations - Police Community Relations
PNP Staff and Support Units Plans and Programs Division; Public’s
Information Division; Community Affairs
1. The Chief of PNP has the Rank of Police Division
Director General with a four star rank. He is j. Directorate for Investigation -
assisted by his personal staff composed of: Investigation Division; Case Monitoring
a. The Inspector General Division; Research and Evaluation
b. Aide-de-camp Division
c. Command Police Non-commissioned
Officer

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 Saint Mary’s University_Criminology Review Center 6
Subject: Police Organization & Administration

6. Eight (8) Administrative Support Units operational control and supervision over
a. Logistics Support Service - all agencies involved in airport security
Procurement Division; Supply, operations, and enforce laws and
Distribution & Storage Division; regulation relative to air travel protection
Explosibes and Ordinance Division; and safety.
Transportation and Maintenance d. Narcotics Command / Unit (absorbed
Division; Engineering and Repair by the PDEA) - shall enforce all laws
Division relative to the protection of the citizenry
b. Computer Services - Systems against dangerous and other prohibited
Development Division; Computer drugs and substances.
Operations Division; Data Control e. Intelligence Group / Unit - shall serve
Division; Computer Training & as intelligence and counter-intelligence
Research Division operatoing unit of the PNP
c. Finance Service - Revenue Division; f. Special Action Force - that shall serve
Audit and Control Division; EDP as the mobile strike force or reaction
Division; Disbursement Division unit to augment regional, provincial,
d. Medical and Dental Service - Medical municipal and city police forces for civil
Services Coordinating Division; Dental disturbance control, counter-insurgency,
services Coordinating Division; hostage taking, rescue operations and
Hospitals/Dispensaries other special operations.
e. Communications Service - Installation g. Traffic Management Group / Unit -
and Maintenance Division; Facilities that shall enforce all traffic laws and
Operation and Records regulations to ensure the safety of
f. Chaplain Service - that is created motorists and pedestrians and attain an
pursuant to NAPOLCOM Resolution orderly traffic.
No, 92-20 dated 23, July 1992. h. Police Community Relations
g. Legal service - Legal Assistance Command / Civil Relations Unit - that
Division; Legal Research and shall implement plans and programs
Evaluation Division that is created as an that will promote community and
additional administrative support unit to citizen’s participation in the
serve as the legal arm of the PNP maintenance of peace and order and
h. Headquarters Support Service that is public safety. Toward this end, the
created as an additional administrative voluntary services of social and civic-
support unit to provide general spirited individuals or organizations
housekeeping and camp security shall be organized and coordinated to
services. ensure a cohesive and effective police
community relations program
7. Eleven (11) Operational Support Unit i. Criminal Investigation Command /
a. Crime Laboratory - that is made up of Unit - that shall undertake the
the Physical Science Division; Firearms monitoring, investigation and
Identification Division; Document prosecution of all crimes involving
Examination Division; Biology Division; economic sabotage, and other crimes of
Photography Division; and Special such magnitude and extent as to
Services Division indicate their commission by highly
b. Maritime Command / Police Unit - placed or professional criminal
shall perform all functions over syndicates and organizations.
Philippine Territorial waters and rivers j. Security Command / Police Unit - that
including ports of entry and exit. shall provide appropriate security for
However, the Chief PNP may task other government officials, visiting dignitaries
units for this function, as may be and private individuals authorized to be
necessary. given protection , as may be prescribed
c. Aviation Security Command / Unit - by the Commission.
that, in coordination with airport k. Civil Security Command -that is made
authorities, shall secure all the country’s up of the Firearms and Explosives
airports against offensive and terroristic Division and the Security
acts that threaten civil aviation, exercise Agencies/Guards Supervision Division

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 Saint Mary’s University_Criminology Review Center 7
Subject: Police Organization & Administration

accordance with a police-to-population

8. The five (5) district offices of the National ration of one policeman to every 500
Capital Region, each headed by an NCR persons. The actual strength of the city or
District Director and assisted by a Deputy
municipal police stations shall depend on
District Director
9. The PNP Regional Offices corresponding all the state of peace and order, population
regions of the country, each headed by a density and actual demands of the service
Regional Director assisted by a Deputy in the particular area. Provided, that the
Regional Director minimum police-to-population ratio shall
10. The PNP Provincial Offices corresponding not be more than one policeman to every
to all Regions of the country, each headed 1000 persons.
by Provincial Director and assisted by a
Deputy Regional Director Rank Classification of the PNP
11. The district Offices that are organized in
large provinces with four or more Police Ranks
congressional districts, in which case, a Military ranks
police district shall be organized for every
two or three congressional districts. A PNP A. Commissioned Officers (PCO)
district Office shall be, headed by a District Director General (DG) General
Director under the direct command and Deputy Dir Gen (DDG) Lt. General
control of the Provincial Director Director (Dir) Maj. General
12. The City Police Stations of highly urbanized Chief Superintendent (C/Supt) Brig. General
cities outside of NCR which shall be under Senior Superintendent (SSupt) Colonel
the direct command and control of the PNP Superintendent (Supt) Lt. Colonel
Regional Director and equivalent to a Chief Inspector (CInsp) Major
Provincial Office Senior Inspector (SInsp) Captain
13. A police Station headed by a Chief of Inspector (Insp) Lieutenant
Police which is established in every
component city and municipality, under the B. Non-Commissioned Officers (PNCO)
direct command and control of the Senior Police Officer IV (SPO IV) Master Sgt.
Provincial Director or District Director, as Senior Police Officer III (SPO III) Technical Sgt.
the case may be, classified as follows: Senior Police Officer II (SPO II) Staff Sgt.
a. COMPONENT CITIES Senior Police Officer I (SPO I) Sgt.
- Type “A” for cities with population Police Officer III (PO III) Corporal
ranging from 100,000 or more Police Officer II (PO II) Pvt. First Class
- Type “B” for cities with population Police Officer I (PO I) Private
ranging from 75,000 to less than
100,000 C. Cadets of the Philippine National Police
- Type “C” for cities with population of Academy are classified above the SPO4 and
less than 75,000 below Inspector rank in the PNP
b. MUNICIPALITIES Standard Policy on Selection and Appointment
- Type “A” for those with population
ranging from 75, 000 or more No person shall be appointed as
- Type “B” for those with population
uniformed member of PNP unless he or she
ranging from 30,000 to less than
75,000 possesses the following minimum qualifications:
- Type ”C” for those with population
below 30,000 1. A citizen of the Philippines;
2. A person of good moral conduct
3. Must have passed the psychiatric, drug and
physical tests to be administered by the PNP
or by Government hospital accredited by the
Manning Levels – On the average NAPOLCOM for the purpose of determining
physical and mental health
nationwide, the manning levels of the
4. Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree
PNP shall be approximately in form a recognized institution for learning;

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Subject: Police Organization & Administration

5. Must be eligible in accordance with the Appointment in the PNP shall be affected in
standards set by the commission (entrance the following manner:
exam and Civil service Exam) ;
6. Must not have been dishonorably discharged 1. PO1 to SPO4 – appointed by the PNP
from military employment or dismissed for Regional Director for Regional personnel or
cause from any civilian position in the by the Chief PNP for National Headquarters’
government; personnel and attested by the Civil Service
7. Musty not have been convicted by final Commission (CSC)
judgment of an offense/crime involving moral 2. Inspector to Superintendent – appointed by
turpitude; the Chief PNP as recommended by their
8. Height requirement – 5’4” (1.62m) for male immediate supervisor and attested by the
and 5’2” (1.57m) for females or 5’2” for males CSC.
and 5’0” for females under the waiver program 3. Sr. Supt. to Dep. Dir. Gen. – Appointed by the
9. Weight requirement – must not be more or President upon the recommendation of the
less 5 kilograms of the standard weight Chief PNP with the endorsement of the CSC
corresponding to his/her height, age and sex. and with confirmation by the Commission on
10. Age requirement – for new applicants, must Appointment (CA).
not be less than 21 years of age at the time of 4. Director General – appointed by the President
application or more than 30 years of age. from among the most senior officers down to
the rank of Chief Superintendent in the
 Except for the age qualification, the service subject to the confirmation of the
above-enumerated qualification shall be Commission on Appointments.
continuing in character and an absence of
any of them shall be a ground for
separation or retirement from service. Waiver for Initial Appointment to the PNP:
Provided, that the PNP members who are
already in the service upon the effectivity  The age, height and weight and educational
of RA 8551 shall be given 5 years to requirements for initial appointment to the
obtain the minimum educational PNP may be waived only when the number of
qualification and one years to satisfy the qualified applicants falls below the minimum
weight requirement. annual quota.
 The NAPOLCOM may grant waiver of age,
Police Appointment height, weight or educational requirements.
Any applicant who meets the general  Waiver of age may be granted provided the
qualifications for appointment to police service applicant should not be less than 20 or over
and who passes the tests required in the 35 years of age.
screening procedures shall be recommended for  Waiver of the height requirement may be
initial appointment and shall be classified as granted to male applicant who is at least
follows: 1.57m and 1.52m for female applicants;
provided that the NAPOLCOM may set a
1. Temporary – if the applicant passes lower height requirements for applicants who
through the waiver program as provided belong to cultural minorities duly certified by
by RA 8551 the Office of Muslim Affairs of the Appropriate
2. Probationary – if the applicant p[asses Government Entity. Provided, further, that the
through the regular screening procedures NAPOLCOM may require said applicant to
3. Permanent – if the applicant able to finish submit their membership in a certain cultural
the required field training program for minority.
permanency.  An applicant who is granted a weight
requirement shall be given reasonable time
but not exceeding 6 months within which to
comply with said requirements.
 Waiver of educational requirements may be
granted to an applicant who has finished
second year college or has earned at least 72
collegiate units leading to a bachelor’s
degree. Provided that any person who will

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Subject: Police Organization & Administration

enter the service without a baccalaureate 4. Develop and implement research and
degree shall be given a maximum of four development to support educational
years to obtain the required educational training programs
requirements. 5. Perform such other function as may be
prescribed by the DILG

Selection criteria under waiver program

Training Programs
 Applicant who possess the least
disqualification shall take precedence over 1. Basic Recruit Training (6 months)
those possess more disqualification. - The most basic of all police training which
 The requirement shall be waived in the is a pre-requisite to permanent
following: age, height, weight, education appointment. It is conducted to insure
 Each application for the waiver must possess uniformity in the standard of instruction
special qualification, skills or attributes useful and course contents.
or needed by the PNP. - This course shall not be less than 6
months. A training week shall normally
Appointment by Lateral Entry consist of 40 hours of scheduled
instructions.
In general, all original appointment for
Commissioned Officers (CO) in the PNP shall 2. The PNP Field Training (12 months)
- Is the process by which an individual
commenced with the rank of Inspector to include
police officer who is recruited into the
those with highly technical qualifications applying service receives formal instruction on the
for the PNP technical services, such as dentist, job for special and defined purposes and
optometrist, nurses, engineers, and graduates of performs actual job functions with periodic
forensic sciences. Doctors of Medicine, members appraisal on his performance and
of the Bar and Chaplains shall be appointed to the progress.
Rank of Senior Inspector in their particular - Under RA 8551, all uniformed members
of the PNP shall undergo s field training
technical services. Graduates of the PNPA shall
program involving actual experience and
be automatically appointed to the initial rank of assignment in patrol, traffic and
Inspector. Licensed Criminologist may be investigation as a requirement for
appointed to the rank of Inspector to fill up any permanency o their appointment. The
vacancy. program shall be for 12 months inclusive
of the Basic Recruit Training Course for
Police Training – Conducted by the Philippine non-officers and the Officer Orientation
Public Safety College (PPSC) Course or Officer Basic Course for
officers.
Composition of PPSC
3. The In-Service Training Program
1. Philippine National Police Academy (Supervisory, Leadership, Management)
(PNPA)
2. Fire Service Training Center (FSTC)
3. National Police College (NPC) PNP APPRAISAL SYSTEM
4. Special Training Center
Appraisal refers to the process of
Functions of PPSC measuring the performance of people in achieving
goals and objectives. It is also known as
1. Formulate and implement training “Performance Evaluation System”.
programs
2. Establish and maintain adequate training Promotion System in the PNP
facilities.
3. Conduct an assessment of the training  Promotion is a system of increasing the
needs of all its clientele rank of member of the police service. The
promotion shall be gender fair, which

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means women in the PNP, shall enjoy Regional Directors 6 Years

equal opportunity for promotion as that of Provincial/City Director 9 Years
men.
 Under the law, the NAPOLCOM shall 2. Attrition by Relief – A PNP uniformed
establish a system of promotion for personnel who has been relieved for just
uniformed and non-uniformed members of cause and has not been given an assignment
the PNP, which shall be based on: within 2 years after such relief shall be retired
or separated.
1. Merit – includes length of service in 3. Attrition by Demotion in Position or Rank -
the present rank and qualifications Any PNP personnel, civilian or uniformed,
2. Seniority – least consideration in who is relieved and assigned to a position
promotion lower than what is established for his or her
3. Availability of vacant position grade in the PNP Staffing Pattern and who
shall not be assigned to a position
Preference for Promotion commensurate to his or her grade within 18
months after such demotion in position shall
1. Appropriate Eligibility be retired or separated.
2. Competency and Vacancy 4. Attrition by Non-promotion – Any PNP
3. Seniority personnel who has not been promoted for a
continuous period of 10 years shall be retired
or separated.
Kinds of Police Promotion 5. Attrition by other means – A PNP member or
officer with at least 5 years of accumulated
1. Regular Promotion active service shall be separated based on
2. Promotion by Virtue of Exhibited Acts any of the following factors:
(Special Promotion) a. Inefficiency based on poor
3. Promotion by Virtue of Position - Any performance during the last 2
PNP member designated to any key consecutive annual rating periods;
position whose rank is lower than b. Inefficiency based on poor
which is required for such position performance for 3 cumulative annual
shall, after 6 months of occupying the rating periods;
same, be entitled to a promotion, c. Physical and/or mental incapacity to
subject to the availability of vacant perform police functions and duties;
positions. Provided, that the member d. Failure to pass the required entrance
shall not be reassigned to a position examinations twice and/or finish the
calling for a higher rank until after two required career courses except for
years form the date of such justifiable reasons.
promotion. Provided further, that any Any personnel of the PNP who is
member designated to the position dismissed pursuant to attrition shall be
who does not possess the established retired if he or she has rendered at least
minimum qualifications thereof shall 20 years of service and separated if he or
occupy the same for not more than 6
she has rendered less than 20 years
months without extension.
unless the personnel is disqualified by law
to receive such benefits.
PNP ATTRITION SYSTEM
PNP Assignment
1. Attrition by Attainment of Maximum tenure of
PNP members holding key positions as  Assignment is the process of designating a
prescribed herein: police officer at a particular function, duty or
responsibility.
Position Maximum Tenure  Power to make designation and assignments:
The Chief PNP, Regional Director and
PNP Chief 4 Years Chief of Police can make designation or
PNP Dep. Director 4 Years assignment of members in the police force in
Director for Staff Service 4 Years their respective levels. They shall have the

-criminator_budz// [jonathan r. budaden]

 Saint Mary’s University_Criminology Review Center 11
Subject: Police Organization & Administration

power to make designations and assignments 4. Retirement Benefits – There is a monthly

as to whom among his police officer shall retirement pay of 50% of the base pay and
head and constitute various offices and units longevity pay of the retired grade in case of 20
years of active service, increasing by 2.5% for
of the police department.
every year of active service and rendered
beyond 20 years to maximum of 90% for 36
PNP Benefits and Privileges
years of service and over. Payment of the
retirement benefit in lump sum is made within
The uniformed members of the PNP are
6 months from effectivity date of retirement
considered employees of the National and/or completion. Retirement pay of PNP
Government and draw their salaries there from. members is subject of adjustment based on
They have the same salary grade that of a public prevailing scale of base pay of Police
school teacher, PNP member assigned in personnel in the active service.
Metropolitan Manila, Chartered Cities and first 5. Permanent Physical Disability – A PNP
class municipalities may be paid financial member who is permanently and totally
disabled as a result of injuries suffered or
incentives by the local government unit concerned
sickness contracted in the performance of
subject to the availability of funds. duty as certified by the NAPOLCOM, upon
finding and certification of a medical officer,
Benefits and Privileges: that the extent of disability or sickness render
such member unfit or unable to further
1. Incentives and Awards – The DILG shall perform the duties of his/her position, is
promulgate standards on incentives and entitled to a gratuity pay equivalent to a one
award system in the PNP administered by the years salary and to a lifetime pension
Board of Incentives and Awards. Awards may equivalent to 80% of his/her last salary, in
be in the form of decorations, service medals addition to other benefits as provided by
and citation badges or in monetary existing laws.
considerations.
6. Early retirement Benefit – A PNP member at
Authorized decorations are: his or her own request and with the approval
of the NAPOLCOM, retire from the police
a. Police Medal of Valor – Highest service and he paid separation benefits
medal corresponding to a position 2 ranks higher
b. Police Medal of Merit than hi/her present rank, whether temporary
c. Wounded Police Medal or permanent subject to conditions:
d. Police Efficiency Medal
e. Police Service Medal Police Inspection
f. Police Unit Citation badge
g. Posthumous Award – in case an The Inspecting officer shall examine,
individual who distinguish himself dies
audit, inspect police agencies in accordance with
before the granting of the awards.
existing standards and with the following
2. Health and Welfare objectives:
3. Longevity Pay and Allowances – Under RA
6975, PNP personnel are entitled to longevity 1. To take note or discover defects and
pay of 10% of their basic monthly salaries for irregularities
every five years of service but the totality of 2. To effect corrections on minor defects
such longevity pay does not exceed 50% of being discovered
the basic pay. However, they also continue to 3. To bring to the attention of and
enjoy the: recommend to the concerned officers
a. Subsistence allowance for appropriate actions on defects
b. Quarter allowance noted.
c. Clothing allowance
d. Cost of living allowance
e. Hazard pay
f. Others

-criminator_budz// [jonathan r. budaden]

 Saint Mary’s University_Criminology Review Center 12
Subject: Police Organization & Administration

INTERNAL AFFAIRS SERVICE DISCIPLINARY MECHANISM

An Internal Affairs Service (IAS) of the A. Personnel Discipline in the PNP - Refers to the
PNP created under RA 8551 shall have the extent of field of learning, training and
following functions and powers. conditioning of the police obedience and self-
control subject to systems of rules of
1. Pro-actively conduct inspections and behaviors in the police service. It is how police
audits on NP personnel and units; personnel cope with the do’s and don’ts within
2. Investigate complaints and gather
evidence in support of an open the police organization.
investigation;
3. Conduct summary hearings on PNP facing Imposable penalties in Administrative Cases in
administrative charges; the PNP
4. Submit a periodic report on the
assessment, analysis, and evaluation of 1. Withholding of privileges
the character and behavior of PNP 2. Restriction to specified limits
personnel and units to the Chief PNP and 3. Suspension
the Commission; 4. Forfeiture of Salary
5. Fie appropriate criminal cases against 5. Reprimand or Admonition
PNP members before the court as 6. Restrictive Custody
evidence warrants and assist in the 7. Dismissal from service
prosecution of the case;
6. provide assistance to the Office of the B. Administrative Offenses that may be imposed
Ombudsman in cases involving the against a PNP member
personnel of the PNP
1. Neglect of Duty or Nonfeasance – it is
the omission or refusal, without the
The IAS shall also conduct motu propio, sufficient excuse, to perform an act or duty,
automatic investigation of the following cases: which it was the peace officer’s legal
obligation to perform; it implies a duty as
1. incidents where a police personnel well as its breach and the fast can never
discharges a firearm be found in the absence of duty.
2. incidents where death, serious physical 2. Irregularities in the performance of duty
injury, or any violation of human rights – it is the improper performance of some
occurred in the conduct of police act, which might lawfully be done.
operations 3. Misconduct or malfeasance – It is the
3. incidents where evidence was doing, either through ignorance, inattention
compromised, tampered with, obliterated, or malice, of that which the officer had no
or lost while in the custody of personnel legal right to do it at all, as where he acts
4. incidents where a suspect in the custody of without any authority whatsoever, or
the police was seriously injured exceeds, ignores or abuses his powers.
5. incidents where the established rules of 4. Incompetency – It is the manifest lack of
engagement have been violated. adequate ability and fitness for the
satisfactory performance of police duties.
This has reference to any physical, moral
A complaint against any personnel or office or intellectual quality the lack of which
of IAS shall be brought to the Inspector General’s substantially incapacities one to perform
the duties of police officers.
Office or to the Commission as may be 5. Oppression – It imports an act of cruelty,
appropriate. severity, unlawful exaction, domination, or
excessive use of authority. The exercise of
unlawful powers or other means, in
depriving an individual of his liberty or
property against his will, is generally an act
f oppression.

-criminator_budz// [jonathan r. budaden]

 Saint Mary’s University_Criminology Review Center 13
Subject: Police Organization & Administration

6. Dishonesty – It is the concealment or distortion A “minor offense” shall refer to any act or
of truth in a matter of fact relevant to one’s omission not involving morsal turpitude, but affecting
office, or connected with the performance of his internal discipline which include but not limited to the
duties. following
7. Disloyalty to the Government – It consist of
abandonment or renunciations of one’s loyalty a. Simple misconduct or negligence
to the Government of the Philippines, or b. Insubordination
advocating the overthrow of the government. c. Frequent absences or tardiness
8. Violation of Law – this presupposes conviction d. Habitual Drunkenness
in court of any crime or offense penalized under e. Gambling prohibited by law.
the Revised Penal Code or any special law or
ordinance 3. “Forum shopping” or multiple filing complaints
– When an administrative case is filed with a police
disciplinary authority, no other case involving the
Nature of Complaint against PNP members same cause of action shall be filed with any other
disciplinary authority.
1. Citizen’s Complaint – Any complaint by a natural
or juridical person against any PNP member shall Summary Dismissal Powers
be brought before the following:
a. Chiefs of Police – where the offense is a. NAPOLCOM
punishable by withholding of privileges, b. PNP Chief
restriction to specified limits, suspension or c. PNP Regional Director
forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof, These authorities, after due notice and
for a period not exceeding 15 days; summary hearings may immediately remove or
b. Mayors of cities and municipalities – where the dismiss any respondent PNP member in any of the
offense is punishable by withholding of
following cases:
privileges, restriction to specified limits,
suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any
combination thereof, for a period of not less - When the charge is serious and evidence of
than 16 days but not exceeding 30 days; guilt is strong.
c. People’s Law Enforcement Board (PLEB) - - When the respondent is a recidivist or is
where the offense is punishable by withholding repeatedly charged and there are reasonable
of privileges, restriction to specified limits, grounds to believe that he is guilty of the
suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any charges
combination thereof, for a period exceeding 30 - when the respondent is guilty of a serious
days or dismissal. offense involving conduct unbecoming a police
officer
2. Breach of Internal Discipline – refers to any
offense committed by a PNP member affecting
order and discipline within the police organization. Absence Without Official Leave (AWOL) as a
a. Chiefs of Police or equivalent supervisor may ground for summary dismissal
summarily impose the administrative penalties
in all cases provided that it does not exceed 15 AWOL refers to the status of any PNP member
days. who absent himself without approved leave of absence
b. Provincial Director or equivalent supervisor and encompasses but not limited to the following:
may summarily impose the administrative
penalties in all cases provided that it does not
a. Absence from place of work or assignment
exceed 30 days.
without approved vacation leave.
c. The Regional Director or equivalent supervisor
b. Failure to report for duty after the expiration of
may summarily impose the administrative
the approved leave of absence
penalties in all cases provided that it does not
c. Failure to give notice to his immediate superior
exceed 60 days.
officer of his mobility to work on account of
d. The Chief PNP or equivalent supervisor may
sickness or injury
summarily impose the administrative penalty of
d. Failure to file appropriate application for sick
dismissal from service. He may also impose
leave
the penalty of admonition or reprimand,
e. Abandonment of work or assignment without
restrictive custody, withholding of privileges,
prior approval of superior officer
suspension or forfeiture of salary, demotion, or
f. Failure to report to his new assignment within
any combination thereof for a period not
3 days of receipt of the order of assignment or
exceeding 180 days.
for reporting to a unit where he is officially
assigned.

-criminator_budz// [jonathan r. budaden]