Chapter 1: Coding Decoding

Something express in secret way is known as coding and the conversion of secret way into the actual meaning is

known as Decoding. It has wide application in various fields like defence services.

There are many different ways to write a coded message.

Important Note: It is good to avoid pre-defined coding rule to write a coded message.

Concept to generate coded word is heavily relying upon the position of English alphabet in Logical Reasoning.

A B C …....... X Y Z

1 2 3 24 25 26 LHS Counting

26 25 24 3 2 1 RHS Counting

We have keywords to help in remembering the position of alphabets.

E J O T Y F L R X

5 10 15 20 25 6 12 18 24

C F I L O R U X

3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24

These keywords are derived using position of alphabets from left hand side. Suppose we need to know the
position of alphabets from right hand side. This can be easily done using the relation

RHS = 27 - LHS

Similarly if LHS is required then

LHS = 27 - RHS.

Coding Rule Type

Type 1 Letter/ Number Mapping with Specific Individual Number / Letter / Symbol as per given
rules.
Example 1 Study the information carefully

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
A B C D E F G H I L

Following conditions are to be strictly observed

1. If the first number is an odd number, it should be represent with M.

2. If the last number is an even number, it should be represent with N.
3. If either 4 or 9 exist in between, it should represent by X.

a) Find the coded letter for 148196

Solution

1 represent by ------------ M (Instead of A, M is used as per condition 1)

4 represent by ------------ X (Instead of D, X is used as per condition 3)

8 represent by ------------ H

1 represent by ------------ A

9 represent by ------------ X (Instead of I, X is used as per condition 3)

6 represent by ------------ N (Instead of F, N is used as per condition 2)

It implies 148196 represent using MXHAXN

b) Find the coded letter for 46789

Solution

4 represent by ------------ D
6 represent by ------------ F
7 represent by ------------ G
8 represent by ------------ H
9 represent by ------------ I

It implies 46789 represent using DFGHI

Type 2 Letter to number conversion using common letters representation in given guiding words

Example 2 If in certain code language ASSESSMENT is coded as 1223224356 and INFORMATION is

coded as 75890416795 then how you will code SESSION?

Solution

2 3 2 2 7 9 5

A S S E S S M E N T I N F O R M A T I O N

S E S S I O N

2 3 2 2 7 9 5

Type 3 Letter to Number code conversion by applying operation (Addition, Subtraction

Multiplication and Reversing the Position etc.) on the position of alphabets (referred by
English alphabets)

Example 3 If L is coded as 21, LION is coded as 21905141, and then code for TIGER?

Solution

Using the position of English alphabet

Position of L from LHS is 12 which are then written in reverse order.

It implies L is 21

Position of L, I, O and N from left hand side is 12, 09, 15 and 14 respectively which is then
written in reverse order.

L is 21, I is 90, O is 51, N is 41

It implies

LION is 21 90 51 41

Using same logic

We can assign the code to “T I G E R” as “02 90 70 50 81”

Since T is 20, I is 09, G is 07, E is 05,

R is 18 (from LHS)
Example 4 If LION is coded as 5 and TIGER is coded as 14 then code for JUNGLEE is

Solution

Using the position of English alphabet from LHS

L I O N

12 + 9 + 15 + 14 = 50 = 5 + 0= 5

T I G E R

20 + 9 + 7 + 5 + 18 = 59 = 5 + 9= 14

Using same logic

J U N G L E E

10 + 21 + 14 + 7 + 12 + 5 + 5 = 74 = 7+4= 11

Example 5 If TRY is coded as 18 and AGAIN is coded as 23 then code for SUCCESS is

Solution

Using the position of English alphabet from LHS

T R Y

20 18 25 = (2+0) + (1 + 8) + (2+5) = 18

A G A I N

01 07 01 09 14 = (0+1) + (0+7) + (0+1) + (0+9) + (1+4) = 23

Using same logic

S U C C E S S

19 21 03 03 05 19 19

= (1+9) + (2+1) + (0+3) + (0+3) + (0+5) + (1+9) + (1+9)

= 44
 Type 4 Letter to Letter Code Conversion using position of English Alphabet

Example 6 If in certain language OUTCOME is coded as PWUEPOF, RESULT is coded as

SGTWMU then explain coding rule how ASSESSMENT is coded as

Solution

O U T C O M E

+1 +2 +1 +2 +1 +2 +1

P W U E P O F

R E S U L T

+1 +2 +1 +2 +1 +2

S G T W M V

Using same logic

“Every letter in given word is replaced next and second next position alternatively with reference to English
Alphabet”.

A S S E S S M E N T

+1 +2 +1 +2 +1 +2 +1 +2 +1 +2

B U T G T U N G O V
Example 7 If in certain language TIME is coded as KVGO, RANGER coded as PCTTGI then
explains the coding rule how ROBERT is coded as

Solution

T I M E R A N G E R

+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2

K V G O P C T T G I

Rule 1 Split word into two equal parts.

R O B E R T
Rule 2 write those two parts in reverse order
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2
and replace every alphabet by alphabet at
second next position in forward direction with
reference to English Alphabet.
D Q T V T G

Example 8 If in certain language ROUTINE is coded as ILHGRMV, TIME is coded as GRNV then
explains the coding rule how FAILURE is coded as

Solution

R O U T I N E T I M E

18 15 21 20 9 14 5 20 9 13 5

27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27

9 12 6 7 18 13 22 7 18 14 22

I L F G R M V G R N V

Using same logic,

Every letter in given word is replaced by the letter with same position from right hand side as referred by that
letter from left hand side

F A I L U R E

6 1 9 12 21 18 5

27 27 27 27 27 27 27

21 26 18 15 6 9 22

U Z R O F I V
Type 5 Comparison of phrases in multiple sentences to decode Chinese language

Example 9

If in certain coding language

“Failure are pillar of success” is written as “la che ne pa da”

“Key for success” is written as “che do ga”

“Experience and Success are two face of coin” is written “da che pe ko rat lo to ne”

Then find the code for “FAILURE”

Solution

Compare 1 and 2 statement implies

Success che

Compare 1 and 3 statement implies

are / of da / ne

It finally implies that “Failure” may be “la or pa”

Type 6 Substitution Method for well-known General Facts

Example 10 If in certain coding language

BAT is represent by MOSQUITO

MOSQUITO is represent by RAT

RAT is represent by DOG

DOG is represent by CAT

a) What is the main cause of spreading CORONA virus?

Solution

CORONA virus is caused by “BAT” which is represented using “MOSQUITO” in given language.

It implies CORONA virus is caused by MOSQUITO in coded language.

b) What is the main cause of the well-known disease malaria?

Solution

In general MALARIA is caused due to bite of “MOSQUITO” which is represented using “RAT” in

this language. It implies “MALARIYA” is caused by RAT in coded language