CHY 36.

1
QUANTITATIVE CHEMISTRY LAB
Activity 4
ACID-BASE TITRATION: Concentration Determination of Unknown HCl solution using
Standardized NaOH Solution
(Virtual Lab)

INTRODUCTION

An acid – base titration is a method used to determine the unknown concentration of an acid or base by
allowing it to react it with an acid or base of known concentration. Using the stoichiometry of the reaction, the
unknown concentration can be determined. It makes use of the neutralization reaction that occurs between
acids and bases and the knowledge of how acids and bases will react if their formulas are known. Acid-base
titrations are aided with acid-base indicators, indicators are substances that changes color with pH.
Phenolphthalein for example is colorless in acidic solutions and pink in basic solutions.

In this experiment, a 0.1 M NaOH solution will be used as a standard to determine the concentration of the
unknown HCl solution. The NaOH however will be initially standardized against a primary standard Potassium
hydrogen phthalate (KHP).

Using basic stoichiometry, the moles of NaOH in the solution can be determined from the moles of KHP added
from the reaction:

eq.1

Note that for every one mole of KHP, it would take one mole of NaOH to react with it completely. This
stoichiometric relationship will be used to calculate the standard concentration of the NaOH. The
standardized NaOH solution will then be used to determine the concentration of the unknown HCl solution
based on the reaction below:

��������(����) + ������(����) → ��2��(��2��) + ��������(��) eq.2

Similarly, the reaction has a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1, you can then determine the concentration of the
unknown HCl based on the amount of NaOH used in the titration. In this experiment, phenolphthalein will be
used as the indicator, titration endpoint will be indicated by the appearance of very light pink solution.
VIRTUAL LAB PROCEDURE

Access the experiment here: http://chemcollective.org/activities/autograded/128\

IMPORTANT: Every unique visit to the above specific page will generate a unique unknown HCl solution for the
experiment. DO NOT REFRESH the page if you are not done yet with the virtual experiment. Refreshing or
reloading the page will erase your previous preparation and the system will give you a new unknown HCl
solution. At the bottom part of the workbench, avoid guessing the answer if you are not done yet with the
experiment, or you are not still sure about your calculations. After 3 incorrect answers, the virtual lab will
require you to refresh/reload the page. With this, all group members with computer access can perform the
experiment (with unique data). But for the group submission, decide among your group which work you will
submit. (OPTIONAL) You may opt to record how you perform the virtual experiment. You can share them with
the class so that others will have a chance to view your work.

A. Preparation of the KHP Solution

1. Prepare three 250-mL flasks. To do this, on the stockroom of your virtual lab, click on the 250-mL
Erlenmeyer flask three times, the flasks should appear on the workbench.

2. Click on the Solid KHP (Assumed dried) regent bottle and on each of the Erlenmeyer flask, using
“precise” transfer approximately 0.3000 g of the reagent, do this by dragging the reagent bottle
towards the flask until it requires you to register the amount of KHP to be transferred. Record the
actual weights on your data sheet.

Note: Do not transfer exactly 0.3000 g, use amounts slightly higher or lower (e.g. Flask 1 -
0.2992, Flask 2 - 0.3015 and Flask 3 – 0.3005), this is to make sure that each student’s data is
unique.

3. Label the Erlenmeyer flasks accordingly, calculate the mole of KHP on each of the flask and
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 record it on your data sheet.

4. On each of the flask, transfer 50-mL of water by clicking on the distilled water on the stockroom,
drag the container towards the flask and using “precise” register 50 mL and click pour.

5. Swirl the solutions and set aside for titration.

B. Standardization of NaOH

1. Preparation of 0.1 M NaOH from 1.0 M NaOH solution

Items in the workbench: 250 – mL volumetric flask, 250-mL beaker, Distilled water, and ~1.0 M
NaOH

a) Calculate the volume of ~1.0 M NaOH required to prepare 250 – mL of ~0.1 M NaOH
using the formula for dilution (M1V1 = M2V2).

b) Using “precise”, drag and transfer the amount of 1.0 M NaOH you calculated, from the
flask containing ~1.0 M NaOH to the volumetric flask and dilute to 250 – mL by adding
distilled water.

c) Using “precise” drag and transfer 100 mL of the freshly prepared 0.1 M NaOH from the
volumetric flask to the beaker.

d) Clear the workbench with items you no longer need.

2. Preparation for Titration
Items on the workbench: 50 – mL buret, the three flasks containing KHP solutions, the
volumetric flask with ~0.1M NaOH solution and the beaker with 100 mL of ~0.1M NaOH
a) Using “precise”, drag and transfer 50-mL of the previously prepared ~0.1 M NaOH solution
from the 250 – mL beaker to the 50 – mL buret (actual lab experiment would need a
smaller beaker).
b) Read the initial volume reflected in the immediate right of the buret, you can also
determine the volume by clicking on the buret, the volume of the solution contained in
the buret will reflect in the information section of the Vlab.

c) Record the initial volume of the buret in your data sheet.

3. Titration of KHP against ~0.1 M NaOH solution

Items on the workbench: 50 – mL buret, the three flasks containing KHP solutions, the
volumetric flask with ~0.1M NaOH solution beaker with 100 mL of NaOH and Phenolphthalein
indicator.

a) Using “precise”, add 0.3 mL of the phenolphthalein indicator on each of the flask
containing the KHP Solution.

b) Place one of the flask (for your first trial) towards the mouth of the buret containing ~0.1M
NaOH.

c) For your first trial, using “realistic”, slowly titrate the KHP solution, approximately in 0.1 mL
fractions against the NaOH solution. The endpoint is indicated by the change of color of
the solution from colorless to very light pink. Record the final volume of the buret, which
should also be the initial volume for your second trial.

d) For your second and third trial, you can approximate the amount of NaOH needed, and
using “precise” add a significant amount of NaOH up to near the endpoint. However, from
this point on, titrate the solutions in 0.1 mL fractions to reach the endpoint. Record the
initial and final volume for each trial in your the data sheet.

Note: Actual lab experiment would require you to add a blank (solution containing all chemical reagents except
the analyte), for this experiment, water. Water could contain carbon dioxide which could affect the result of
titration. In this virtual lab, no blank was required for the water is assumed pure.

4. Concentration of the Standardized NaOH Solution

Calculate the Molarity of NaOH on each trial using the given formula below and complete the
data required
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 MNaOH
C. Determination of the Concentration of Unknown HCl solution

Items in the workbench: 25-mL pipet, 250 – mL volumetric flask (3), 250-mL beaker containing 0.1 M
NaOH, Buret, Erlenmeyer flask containing ~0.1 M HCl and Phenolphthalein indicator

1. Refill the buret previously used for the titration of KHP to your desired volume and record this as the
initial volume for the titration of the unknown HCl.

2. Using a pipet, transfer 15 mL of the unknown ~0.1 M HCl from the volumetric flask to each of the
three 250 – mL Erlenmeyer flasks. Do this by dragging the pipet towards the mouth of the
Erlenmeyer flask until it requires you to input the volume you wish to transfer. “Use precise” and
press withdraw, drag the pipet towards the designated flask and using “realistic” pour the contents
of the pipet to the flask.

3. Drag and transfer 0.3 mL of the indicator to each of the three flasks.
4. Titrate each of the HCl solutions against the standardized NaOH, recording the initial and final volume
of the titrant each time.

NOTE: Since both solutions have approximately the same molar concentration and since the reaction is
one-to-one in terms of moles, the volume of NaOH required should be approximately the same as
the volume of HCl pipetted. You should be able to use “precise” and transfer about 10 mL of the
NaOH without having to worry about overshooting the end-point. From that point on, however, you
should proceed with caution.

5. Calculate the concentration of the unknown HCl using the amount of NaOH used in each titration.
Complete the data required in your data sheet.

6. To check if you have done the experiment correctly, at the bottom part of the workbench, input the
calculated concentration of the unknown solution. Correct answers will redirect you to a report page.
Screenshot or download the report and submit them together with the data sheet

Prepared By: Leonar Jun R. Gabiana

CHY 36.1
QUANTITATIVE CHEMISTRY LAB
Activity 4
ACID-BASE TITRATION: Concentration Determination of Unknown HCl solution using
Standardized NaOH Solution
DATA SHEET

Membetrrs: Abalo,Jeahan
Baylosis,Yvonne
Camiguing, Honey
Alemansa,Marial Luzyl
Costanilla, Stephanie

A. Preparation of KHP Solution

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 Trial Molar Mass of KHP Mass of KHP Moles of KHP
(g/mol) (g) (mol)

T1 0.2980 g 0.0015 mol

T2 204.22 g/mol 0.3010 g 0.0015 mol

T3 0.3025 g 0.0015 mol

B. Titration of the KHP solution

Trial

T1 T2 T3

Final buret reading (mL) 13.6 mL 27.4 mL 41.2 mL

Initial buret reading (mL) 0 mL 13.6 mL 27.4 mL

Volume 0.1 M NaOH (mL) 13.5 mL 13.8 mL 13.8 mL

C. Concentration (M) of Standardized NaOH Solution

Trial

T1 T2 T3

Molar Mass of NaOH (g/mol) 39.997 g/mol

Mole KHP (mol) 0.0015 mol 0.0015 mol 0.0015 mol

Mole NaOH (mol) 0.0075 mol 0.0075 mol 0.0076 mol

Volume of NaOH (L) 0.0136 L 0.0138 L 0.0138 L

Molarity (M) 0.1057 M 0.1068 M 0.1073 M

Mean Molarity (M) 0.1066

RSD (in ppt) 0.77%

D. Titration of the Unknown HCl solution

Replicate

T1 T2 T3

Final buret reading of (mL) 13.8 mL 27.6 mL 41.4 mL

Initial buret reading (mL) 0 mL 13.8 mL 27.6 mL

Volume of NaOH added (mL) 13.8 mL 13.8 mL 13.8 mL

E. Concentration of the Unknown HCl Solution

Replicate

T1 T2 T3

Volume of NaOH added (mL) 13.6 mL 13.8 ml 13.8 mL

Mole NaOH 0.0075 0.0075 0.0076

Molarity of HCl (M) 0.6010 0.5983 0.6012

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 Average Molarity of HCl (M) 0.6002M

RSD (in ppt) 0.27%

Submit your calculations in a separate file. Calculations can be handwritten or done using excel.

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