Scribd
Upload
30 views7 pages

Compact, Tunable and Dual-Band MSA: Week 7 Assignment (Each Question Carries 2 Marks)

The document discusses a weekly assignment on compact, tunable, and dual-band microstrip antenna arrays (MSAs). It includes 7 multiple choice questions about designing MSAs with different parameters like resonance frequency, number of shorting posts, substrate properties, and adding stubs or slots. For each question, the relevant formulas are provided and calculations are shown to arrive at the correct answer. The questions cover topics like calculating resonance frequency, effects of changing shorting posts or other dimensions, designing circular or square MSAs, and how adding a stub can tune the resonance frequency.

Uploaded by

Azhagesvaran Tamilselvam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views7 pages

Compact, Tunable and Dual-Band MSA: Week 7 Assignment (Each Question Carries 2 Marks)

The document discusses a weekly assignment on compact, tunable, and dual-band microstrip antenna arrays (MSAs). It includes 7 multiple choice questions about designing MSAs with different parameters like resonance frequency, number of shorting posts, substrate properties, and adding stubs or slots. For each question, the relevant formulas are provided and calculations are shown to arrive at the correct answer. The questions cover topics like calculating resonance frequency, effects of changing shorting posts or other dimensions, designing circular or square MSAs, and how adding a stub can tune the resonance frequency.

Uploaded by

Azhagesvaran Tamilselvam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Compact, Tunable and Dual-Band MSA

Week 7 Assignment
(Each question carries 2 marks)
1. A partially shorted MSA, as shown in Fig. 1, is designed on a
substrate with εr = 2.55 and h = 0.16 cm with W = 4 cm, L = 4
cm and ws = 2 cm. The resonance frequency of the antenna will
be:
a. 908 MHz
b. 1020 MHz
c. 1870 MHz Fig. 1
d. 2352 MHz
Solution: The formula to calculate the resonance frequency is
30
𝑓𝑜 = 4[𝐿 GHz (all lengths are in cm)
𝑒 +(𝑊𝑒 −𝑤𝑠 )⁄2]�𝜀𝑒

Let’s calculate effective dielectric constant first.

(𝜀𝑟 + 1) (𝜀𝑟 − 1) 10ℎ −1/2


𝜀𝑒 = + �1 + � = 2.43
2 2 𝑊
Along the width, the fringe fields are on both the sides, hence

𝑊𝑒 = 𝑊 + 2 ∗ �ℎ� � = 4 + 2 ∗ �0.16� � ≈ 4.2 𝑐𝑚


�𝜀𝑒 √2.43

Similarly, fringe fields will be on both the sides, hence

𝐿𝑒 = 𝐿 + 2 ∗ �ℎ� � = 4 + 2 ∗ �0.16� � ≈ 4.2 𝑐𝑚


�𝜀𝑒 √2.43

Putting the values in the formula for resonance frequency,


30 30
𝑓𝑜 = = ≈ 0.908 𝐺𝐻𝑧 = 908 𝑀𝐻𝑧
4[𝐿𝑒 + (𝑊𝑒 − 𝑤𝑠 )⁄2]�𝜀𝑒 4[4.2 + (4.2 − 2)⁄2]√2.43

2. With respect to the partially shorted MSA shown in Fig.1, if the resonance frequency of
the antenna is to be decreased, then:
a. The number of shorting posts should be increased
b. The number of shorting posts should be decreased
c. The feed point should be moved to the right
d. The feed point should be moved to the left
Solution: The effective resonant length of the shorted MSA shown in Fig. 1 start from the
open end on the right and end at the first shorting post on the left. Since the resonance
frequency is inversely proportional to the resonating length, to decrease the resonance
frequency, the length has to be increased. Now to increase length, the number of shorting
posts has to be reduced. This can be visualized with help of following figure.

Resonating length

3. A shorted square MSA is designed to operate at 2.45 GHz using a


large substrate with εr = 2.55 and h = 0.16 cm as shown in Fig. 2.
Approximate length L of the patch should be:
a. 4.3 mm
b. 5.6 mm
c. 8.8 mm Fig. 2
d. 17.4 mm
Solution: The formula for the resonance frequency of the single corner shorted MSA is
30
𝑓𝑜 =
4[𝐿𝑒 + 𝑊𝑒 ]�𝜀𝑒

For square patch, the formula becomes


30 30
𝑓𝑜 = =
4[𝐿𝑒 + 𝐿𝑒 ]�𝜀𝑒 4[2𝐿𝑒 ]�𝜀𝑒

Hence the effective length can be calculated from


30
𝐿𝑒 =
8[𝑓𝑜 ]�𝜀𝑒

Now to calculate effective dielectric constant, we need W, which can be calculated from

𝑐 3 ∗ 108
𝑊= = ≈ 4.6 𝑐𝑚
(𝜀 + 1) (2.55 + 1)
2𝑓0 � 𝑟 2 2 ∗ 2.45 ∗ 109 � 2
So,
(𝜀𝑟 + 1) (𝜀𝑟 − 1) 10ℎ −1/2
𝜀𝑒 = + �1 + � = 2.44
2 2 𝑊
Now effective length,
30 30
𝐿𝑒 = = ≈ 0.98 𝑐𝑚
8[𝑓𝑜 ]�𝜀𝑒 8 ∗ 2.45 ∗ √2.44

Now, fringe fields will be maximum at the open end on the right in Fig. 2. Since the voltage
at the open upper left corner is not maximum, the fringe fields will be of less intensity. Thus,
physical length will be the effective length less ∆L (not 2∆L).

𝐿 = 𝐿𝑒 − �ℎ� � = 0.98 − �0.16� � ≈ 0.88 𝑐𝑚 = 8.8 𝑚𝑚


�𝜀𝑒 √2.44

4. A circular microstrip antenna (CMSA) is designed at 900 MHz on a


Shorting post
substrate with εr = 2.55 and h = 0.32 cm. The radius of the patch is 6
cm. If a single shorting post is added to the patch as shown in Fig. 3,
the new resonance frequency for the fundamental mode of operation
will be:
a. 900 MHz
b. 450 MHz
c. 287 MHz Fig. 3
d. 152 MHz
Solution: Resonance frequency of a CMSA with single shorting post operating at
fundamental TM11 mode is given by
8.791
𝑓𝑜 =
𝑎𝑒1 �𝜀𝑒

Where 𝑎𝑒1 = 𝜋𝑎𝑒 . Thus,


8.791 8.791
𝑓𝑜 = =
𝑎𝑒1 �𝜀𝑒 𝜋𝑎𝑒 �𝜀𝑒

Now, for a CMSA operating at the fundamental TM11 mode


8.791
𝑓𝑜,𝑐𝑚𝑠𝑎 =
𝑎𝑒 �𝜀𝑒

Putting this in the previous expression,


8.791 8.791 𝑓𝑜,𝑐𝑚𝑠𝑎 900
𝑓𝑜 = = = = = 286.5 𝑀𝐻𝑧 ≈ 287 𝑀𝐻𝑧
𝑎𝑒1 �𝜀𝑒 𝜋𝑎𝑒 �𝜀𝑒 𝜋 𝜋
5. A slotted MSA is designed at 900 MHz as shown in Fig. 4. The
slot width (w) is 3 cm and length (l) is 1 cm. If the slot length l is
increased to 2 cm, keeping the slot width and other dimensions
the same, the new resonance frequency will be, approximately:
a. 450 MHz
b. 650 MHz Fig. 4
c. 750 MHz
d. 900 MHz
Solution: Since the dimensions L and w are not changed, even if the slot length l is increased,
the resonating length remains the same. Hence, the new resonance frequency will be equal to
the original resonance frequency i.e. 900 MHz.

6. Compared to conventional microstrip antennas, compact microstrip antennas have:


a. Lower gain
b. Lower bandwidth
c. Higher gain
d. Both lower gain and lower bandwidth
Solution: Since effective area is reduced in compact antennas, the gain is lower. Now, the
bandwidth is related to the fringing fields. More the fringing, more is the bandwidth. Because
of the shoring/slots, the fringing is reduced which results in lower bandwidth.

7. An RMSA with length L = 2 cm and width W = 3 cm is


designed at 3.88 GHz on a substrate having εr = 3.38 and h =
0.16 cm. To tune the resonance frequency to 3.6 GHz, a stub of
width w = 0.2 cm is added on one side of the radiating edge as
shown in Fig. 5. Approximate length of the stub should be:
a. 0.53 cm Fig. 5
b. 0.95 cm
c. 1.33 cm
d. 1.95 cm
Solution: The resonance frequency of tunable MSA with a single slot is given by
𝑐
𝑓𝑜,𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑏 =
2[𝐿𝑒 + ∆𝑙1 ]�𝜀𝑒

Resonance frequency of MSA without stub is given by

𝑐
𝑓𝑜 =
2𝐿𝑒 �𝜀𝑒

Taking the ratio,


𝑓𝑜 [𝐿𝑒 + ∆𝑙1 ] ∆𝑙1
= =1+
𝑓𝑜,𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑏 𝐿𝑒 𝐿𝑒

Now, for W = 3 cm, h = 0.16 cm and 𝜀𝑟 = 3.38,

(𝜀𝑟 + 1) (𝜀𝑟 − 1) 10ℎ −1/2


𝜀𝑒 = + �1 + � = 3.15
2 2 𝑊

𝐿𝑒 = 𝐿 + 2 ∗ �ℎ� � = 2 + 2 ∗ �0.16� � ≈ 2.18 𝑐𝑚


�𝜀𝑒 √3.15

𝑊𝑒 = 𝑊 + 2 ∗ �ℎ� � = 3 + 2 ∗ �0.16� � ≈ 3.18 𝑐𝑚


�𝜀𝑒 √3.15

𝑤𝑒 = 𝑤 + 2 ∗ �ℎ� � = 0.2 + 2 ∗ �0.16� � ≈ 0.38 𝑐𝑚


�𝜀𝑒 √3.15

Now,

𝑓𝑜 [𝐿𝑒 + ∆𝑙1 ] ∆𝑙1 𝑓𝑜


= = 1+ ⇒ ∆𝑙1 = 𝐿𝑒 � − 1�
𝑓𝑜,𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑏 𝐿𝑒 𝐿𝑒 𝑓𝑜,𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑏

Therefore,

𝑓𝑜 3.88
∆𝑙1 = 𝐿𝑒 � − 1� = 2.18 � − 1� ≈ 0.1695 𝑐𝑚
𝑓𝑜,𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑏 3.6

Also,

(𝑤𝑒 𝑙𝑒 ) ∆𝑙1 𝑊𝑒� 0.1695 ∗ 3.18


∆𝑙1 = �𝑊 ⇒ 𝑙𝑒 = 𝑤𝑒 = ≈ 1.42 𝑐𝑚
𝑒 0.38

Since fringing fields will only be on one side of the stub length, the physical length of the
stub can be calculated as

𝑙 = 𝑙𝑒 − �ℎ� � = 1.42 − 0.09 = 1.33 𝑐𝑚


�𝜀𝑒

Common Data for Questions 8 to 10: A dual band dual polarized


rectangular MSA is designed on a substrate using orthogonal feeds as shown
in Fig. 6. Substrate specifications are: εr = 2.55, h = 0.16 cm. Length and
width of rectangular MSA are 5 cm and 7 cm corresponding to frequencies
fL and fW, respectively.

Fig. 6
8. Approximate resonance frequency (fL) corresponding to the length is:
a. 0.9 GHz
b. 1.84 GHz
c. 2.45 GHz
d. 3.65 GHz

Solution: For resonance frequency corresponding to the length, width of the MSA to be taken
as 7 cm. Calculation effective dielectric constant for this width,

(𝜀𝑟 + 1) (𝜀𝑟 − 1) 10ℎ −1/2


𝜀𝑒 = + �1 + � = 2.47
2 2 𝑊
Effective length can be calculated as,

𝐿𝑒 = 𝐿 + 2 ∗ �ℎ� � = 5 + 2 ∗ �0.16� � ≈ 5.2 𝑐𝑚


�𝜀𝑒 √2.47

Finally,
𝑐 30
𝑓𝑜 = = ≈ 1.84 𝐺𝐻𝑧
2𝐿𝑒 �𝜀𝑒 2 ∗ 5.2√2.47

9. Approximate resonance frequency (fW) corresponding to the width is:


a. 0.68 GHz
b. 0.95 GHz
c. 1.33 GHz
d. 2.66 GHz

Solution: For resonance frequency corresponding to the width, width of the MSA to be taken
as 5 cm. Calculation effective dielectric constant for this width,

(𝜀𝑟 + 1) (𝜀𝑟 − 1) 10ℎ −1/2


𝜀𝑒 = + �1 + � = 2.45
2 2 𝑊
Since width dimension is resonating, its effective value will be,

𝑊𝑒 = 𝑊 + 2 ∗ �ℎ� � = 7 + 2 ∗ �0.16� � ≈ 7.2 𝑐𝑚


�𝜀𝑒 √2.45

Finally,
𝑐 30
𝑓𝑜 = = ≈ 1.33 𝐺𝐻𝑧
2𝑊𝑒 �𝜀𝑒 2 ∗ 7.2√2.45
10. The polarization due to Feeds 1 and 2 will be, respectively:
a. Left hand circularly polarized, Right hand circularly polarized
b. Linear, Elliptical
c. Elliptical, Linear
d. Linear, Linear
Solution: When Feed 1 excited, the resultant E-fields will be directed horizontally in the far
field. Similarly, when Feed 2 is excited, resultant E-fields will be directed vertically in the far
field. Hence in both cases, the polarization is linear.

You might also like