UNIX

echo

It displays a line of text.

Syntax : echo [OPTION]... [STRING]...

passwd command

The passwd command is used to change passwords for user accounts.

Syntax : passwd [options] [LOGIN]

uname command

Print certain system information.

Syntax : uname [OPTION]...

who command:

who command prints information about all users who are currently logged in.

Syntax : who [OPTION]... [ FILE ] [ am i ]

find command:

find is one of the powerful utilities of Unix (or Linux). It can search

the entire file-system to locate files and directories according to the specific

search criteria. Other than searching files in can also perform actions(executing

commands) on searched files.

Syntax: $ find [option] [action]

bc command:

bc is the command used for basic mathematical calculations.

tty command:

Prints the file name of the terminal connected in standard input.

Syntax : tty [OPTION]...

 UNIX FILE COMMANDS
touch command

Touch command is used in Unix to create an empty file.

Syntax: $ touch file1

cat command

'cat' command is used to display file content.

Syntax: $ cat filename

cat > and cat >> command

Redirection operator ( > and >>) can be used with cat commands to take input from
standard input devices(keyboard) and store them in a file.

Syntax: $ cat > [filename]

cp command

cp command is used to copy one file's content to another file.

Syntax: $ cp [source filename] [destination filename]

mv command

mv command is used for:

1. for renaming a file in the same directory.

2. for moving a file to a different directory.

Syntax:

$ mv [sourcefilename] [destination filename]

$ mv [source_directory] [destination_directory]
 ● Directory Commands

mkdir(make directory) command:

The mkdir command creates a directory with a specified name in the present working
directory or specified path.

Syntax: $ mkdir [ ]

ls Command

Lists the contents of any directory (current directory if no directory specified).

Sorts entries without option

Syntax: $ ls [option(s)] [filename]

● File comparison commands:

cmp – This command is used to compare two files, and if they differ, tells the first byte
and line number where they differ. If input files are the same , return nothing.

Syntax: cmp options file1 file2

comm- This command is used to compare two sorted files.

Syntax: comm [options] file1 file2

diff - This command is used to compare two files line by line.

Syntax: diff [options] file1 file2

 Filters
Some common filters in UNIX are:

● uniq – Removes identical adjacent lines

● head – displays first n lines of a file .
● tail – displays last n lines of a file .
● sort – sorts files by line (lexically or numerically)
● cut – select portions of a line.
● wc – word count (line count, character count)
● tr – translate
● grep, egrep – search files using regular expressions

head

Syntax: head [OPTION] [FILE]

tail

Syntax: tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...

more

more commands allows to view text files or other output in a scrollable manner.

Syntax: more [option] filename

tr

Syntax: tr [OPTION] set1 [set2]

sort

Syntax: sort -t field_delemeter [OPTION] file1 [file 2]

uniq

Syntax: uniq [option] filename

cut

Syntax: cut –option filename

paste

This is the command for merging together different files into a single, multi-column file.
In combination with cut, useful for creating system log files.

Syntax: paste file1 file2

join

This utility allows merging two files in a meaningful fashion, which essentially creates a
simple version of a relational database.

Pipe

In unix , you can connect two commands together so that the output from one program
becomes the input of the next program. Two or more commands connected in this way
form a pipe. In shell the symbol '|’ is used to represent a pipe.