UNIX
echo
It displays a line of text.
Syntax : echo [OPTION]... [STRING]...
passwd command
The passwd command is used to change passwords for user accounts.
Syntax : passwd [options] [LOGIN]
uname command
Print certain system information.
Syntax : uname [OPTION]...
who command:
who command prints information about all users who are currently logged in.
Syntax : who [OPTION]... [ FILE ] [ am i ]
find command:
find is one of the powerful utilities of Unix (or Linux). It can search
the entire file-system to locate files and directories according to the specific
search criteria. Other than searching files in can also perform actions(executing
commands) on searched files.
Syntax: $ find [option] [action]
bc command:
bc is the command used for basic mathematical calculations.
tty command:
Prints the file name of the terminal connected in standard input.
Syntax : tty [OPTION]...
UNIX FILE COMMANDS
touch command
Touch command is used in Unix to create an empty file.
Syntax: $ touch file1
cat command
'cat' command is used to display file content.
Syntax: $ cat filename
cat > and cat >> command
Redirection operator ( > and >>) can be used with cat commands to take input from
standard input devices(keyboard) and store them in a file.
Syntax: $ cat > [filename]
cp command
cp command is used to copy one file's content to another file.
Syntax: $ cp [source filename] [destination filename]
mv command
mv command is used for:
1. for renaming a file in the same directory.
2. for moving a file to a different directory.
Syntax:
$ mv [sourcefilename] [destination filename]
$ mv [source_directory] [destination_directory]
● Directory Commands
mkdir(make directory) command:
The mkdir command creates a directory with a specified name in the present working
directory or specified path.
Syntax: $ mkdir [ ]
ls Command
Lists the contents of any directory (current directory if no directory specified).
Sorts entries without option
Syntax: $ ls [option(s)] [filename]
● File comparison commands:
cmp – This command is used to compare two files, and if they differ, tells the first byte
and line number where they differ. If input files are the same , return nothing.
Syntax: cmp options file1 file2
comm- This command is used to compare two sorted files.
Syntax: comm [options] file1 file2
diff - This command is used to compare two files line by line.
Syntax: diff [options] file1 file2
Filters
Some common filters in UNIX are:
● uniq – Removes identical adjacent lines
● head – displays first n lines of a file .
● tail – displays last n lines of a file .
● sort – sorts files by line (lexically or numerically)
● cut – select portions of a line.
● wc – word count (line count, character count)
● tr – translate
● grep, egrep – search files using regular expressions
head
Syntax: head [OPTION] [FILE]
tail
Syntax: tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...
more
more commands allows to view text files or other output in a scrollable manner.
Syntax: more [option] filename
tr
Syntax: tr [OPTION] set1 [set2]
sort
Syntax: sort -t field_delemeter [OPTION] file1 [file 2]
uniq
Syntax: uniq [option] filename
cut
Syntax: cut –option filename
paste
This is the command for merging together different files into a single, multi-column file.
In combination with cut, useful for creating system log files.
Syntax: paste file1 file2
join
This utility allows merging two files in a meaningful fashion, which essentially creates a
simple version of a relational database.
Pipe
In unix , you can connect two commands together so that the output from one program
becomes the input of the next program. Two or more commands connected in this way
form a pipe. In shell the symbol '|’ is used to represent a pipe.
